',   I' > 


Virginia   Vetusta, 


DURING    THE    REIGN    OF    JAMES    THE    FIRST. 


CONTAINING 


Letters  and  Documents  never  before  Printed. 


A    SUPPLEMENT    TO 


THE   HISTORY  OF  THE  VIRGINIA   COMPANY. 


EDWARD   D.  NEILL. 


NEC  FALSA  DICERE,  NEC  VERA  RETICERE. 


ALBANY,  N.    T.: 
JOEL   MUNSELL'S  SONS,  82  STATE  ST. 


6  i'  7  1 


915.17 


PREFACE. 


N  the  belief,  that  there  was  need  of 
such  a  contribution,  to  the  documen- 
tary history,  of  the  early  colonial 
period  of  Virginia,  this  work  has  been 
prepared.  It  is  intended  to  supple- 
ment the  History  of  the  Virginia  Corn- 
pan  ij  of  London,  which  was  published 

several  years  ago,  and  has  proved  of  some  value  to  the 

students  of  American  history. 

It  is  quite  remarkable,  that  for  two  centuries,  historical 
writers  chiefly  depended  upon  a  book  compiled  by  an 
adventurer,  for  a  knowledge  of  the  early  English  coloniza- 
tion in  North  America.  The  once  Deputy  Governor  of 
Virginia,  George  Percy,  in  a  letter,  to  his  brother  Henry 
the  9th  Earl  of  Northumberland,  refers  to  a  publication, 
"  wherein  the  author  hath  not  spared  to  appropriate  many 
deserts  to  himself,  which  he  never  performed,  and  stuffed 
his  relations  with  so  many  falsities,  and  malicious  detrac- 
tions." 

As  yet  no  document  of  the  period  of  James  the  First, 
has  been  discovered,  which  tells  where  the  church  was 
situated,  m  which  John  Rolfe  was  married  to  Pocahontas, 
and   the  name   of  the   officiating   clergyman.     There    is 


iv  PREFACE. 

evidence  however,  that  Rolfe,  in  1609,  left  England  with 
a  white  wife,  and  that  she  gave  birth  to  a  daughter  at 
Bermudas,  who  soon  died.  Hamor  writes,  that  "  about 
the  fifth  of  April,"  1614,  Rolfe  began  to  live  with  the 
Indian  woman,  and  he  is  supposed,  then,  to  have  been  a 
widower  With  Pocahontas  he  went  to  England,  and  in 
March,  1617,  she  died  at  Gravesend.  Rolfe  returned  to 
Virginia,  and  soon  married  Jane,  a  daughter  of  William 
Pierce^  Governor  of  Jamestown,  "inferior  to  none  in  ex- 
perience, industry  and  capacity  "  who  in  1609,  had  left 
England,  in  the  same  vessel,  with  Rolfe.  Early  in  1622 
Rolfe  died,  leaving  his  widow  Jane,  and  m  the  words  of  his 
will  '•  two  small  children  of  very  tender  age,"  a  son  Thomas, 
about  three  years  old,  and  a  daughter  Elizabeth,  one  year 
of  age. 

In  1623,  the  father  of  the  widow  went  to  England^,  and 
as  Jane  Rolfe,  and  her  son  Thomas,  are  not  mentioned 
in  the  census,  of  January,  1624  (0.  S.),  while  the 
daughter,  now  four  years  old,  is  noted  as  residing  with 
a  Captain  Roger  Smith  of  Jamestown,  an  officer  who  had 
served  twelve  years  in  the  wars  of  the  Netherlands,  now 
one  of  the  Virginia  Council,  it  seems  probable,  that  Capt. 
William  Pierce  had  taken  his  daughter,  and  grandson 
Thomas  with  him.  At  Scuithorpe  Rectory,  Co.  Norfolk, 
England,  there  is  a  portrait  of  a  wife  of  John  Rolfe,  with 


^  iSometiraes  written  Peirse,  Pyers,  Perce,  Peirce. 

^  On  Nov.  19,  1623,  the  Vn-ginia  Company  issued  a  commission 
for  William  Peirce,  Master  of  the  good  ship,  called  the  "  Return  " 
of  100  tons,  bound  for  transportation  of  passengers,  to  Virginia. 
History  of  Virginia  Company,  p.  382. 


PREFA  CK  V 

a  son,  by  her  side.  Her  hair  is  parted  in  the  middle, 
there  is  no  head  ornament,  and  the  face  has  a  natural 
expression.  Tt  represents  a  woman  in  the  dress  of  the 
period,  about  thirty  years  of  age.^  This  portrait  once 
belonged  to  the  Rolfes  of  Norfolk.  In  Manning  and 
Bray's  History  of  Surrey  it  is  mentioned  that  Thomas 
Rolfe  married  in  England,  had  a  son  Anthony,  whose 
daughter  Hannah  married  Sir  Thomas  Leigh. 

Since  Chapter  Eighth  was  printed,  by  the  courtesy  of 
Lord  Leconfield,  of  Petworth  House,  the  following  copy 
from  the  original  Percy  manuscript  has  been  received, 
which  is  wcfrthy  of  being  incorporated  with  the  prefatory 
note. 


Relation  of  George  Percy. 

"  To  the  right  honorable,  the  Lorde  Percy 

"  My  Lorde,  This  relacyon  I  have  here  sente  your  Lord- 
shipp,  is  for  towe  respecks,  the  one,  to  showe  howe  mutche 
I  honor  you,  and  desyre  to  doe  you  service,  the  other,  in 
regard  that  many  untreuthesconcerneinge  theis  pcedinges 
have  bene  formerly  published,  wherein  the  Author  hathe 
nott  spared  to  apropriate  many  deserts  to  him  selfe  w^*^  he 
never  p'forraed,  and  stuffed  his  relacyons  w*^  so  many 
falseties,  and  malycyous  detractyons.  nott  onely  of  this 
p'ts  and  tyme,  w''''  I  have  selected  to  treate  of,  Butt  of 
former  occurrentes  also  :  So  thatt  1  coulde  nott  conteine 
my  selfe,  but  expresse  the  Treuthe   unto  your  Lordshipp 


^  London  Notes  and  Queries,  VI  Series,  Vol.  X,  p.  296. 


vi  PBEFA  CE. 

concerninge  theise  affayres,  and  all  w''^  I  ayme  att  is  to 
manyfeste  my  selfe  in  all  my  actyons  bothe  now  and 
alwayes  to  be 

"  Your  Lordshipps  humble  and 
faithful!  servante 

"G.  P." 

"  A  Trewe  Relacyon  of  the  p'cedeinges  and  ocurentes 
of  momente  w^^  have  hapene<  I  in  Virginia,  from  the  Tyme 
S""  Tiiomas  Gates  was  shipwrackte  uppon  the  Bermudas 
An°  1609,  uutill  my  dep'ture  out  of  the  Country  w*^*^  was 
in  An°  1612. 

"  If  we  Trewly  consider  the  diversety  of  miseries, 
mutenies,  and  famishmentte  w*^*^  have  attended  upon  dis- 
coveries, and  plantacyons  in  theis  our  modern  tynies,  we 
shall  nott  fynde  our  plantacyon  in  Virginia,  to  have 
suffered  aloane. 

"  Ladoniere  had  his  share  thereof  m  Florida,  nextt 
neighbour  unto  Virginia,  where  his  sowldiers  did  fall  into 
mutenies,  and  in  the  ende  weare  allmoste  all  starved  for 
want  of  foode. 

"  The  Spanyard  Plantac3^on  in  the  River  of  Plate,  and 
the  Streightes  of  Magelene  suffered  also,  in  soe  mutche 
that  haveinge  eaten  upp  all  their  horses  to  susteine 
themselves  with  all,  mutenies  did  aryse,  and  growe 
amongst  them  for  the  w*^"  the  General  I  Diego  Mendosa 
cawsed  some  of  them  to  be  executed,  extremety  of  hunger 
inforceing  others  secretly  in  the  nighte  to  cutt  downe 
their  deade  fellowes  from  of  the  gallowes,  and  to  bury 
them  in  their  hungry  Bowelles. 


PREFA  CE.  vii 

''  The  Plantacyon  in  Carthagena  was  also  lamentable, 
that  wante  of  wholesome  foode  wherew^'^  for  to  mainteyne 
Ijfe,  weare  in  forced  to  eate  toades,  snakes,  and  sutche 
Ijke  venomous  wormes,  sutche  is  the  sharpnes  of  hunger. 

"To  this  purpose,  many  other  examples  mighte  be 
recyted  butt  the  Relacyon  ittselfe  being  briefe  I  have  noe 
intente  to  be  tedyous,  butt  to  delyver  the  trewthe  briefly, 
and  plainely  the  w*^^  I  dowte  nott  butt  will  rather  lyke 
than  loathe  the  reader,  nor  doe  T  purpose  to  use  any 
elloquent  style  or  phrase  the  w'^''  indede  in  me  is  wantinge. 
Butt  to  delyver  thatt  trewly  w*^*"  myselfe  and  many  others 
had  bitter  experyense  of.  Many  other  woes  and  miseries 
have  hapned  unto  our  Collonie  in  Virginia  bothe  before 
and  since  that  Tyme,  w*^'^  now  I  doe  intende  to  treate  of, 
having  selected  this  p*®  from  the  reste  for  towe  respectts, 
firste,  in  regard  I  was  moste  frequente  and  acquaynted 
w^*"  their  p'cedeinge,  being  most  part  of  the  tyme  presy- 
dentt  and  Governour,  nextt,  in  respectt  the  leaste  p'te 
hereof  hath  not  been  formerly  published. 

"  In  the  yere  of  our  Lorde  1G09  S'"  Tho :  Gates  and  S'' 
George  Somers  accompanyed  w*^  divers  Gentlemen, 
Sowldiers,  and  Seamen,  in  nyne  goode-Shippes  did 
beginne  their  voyage  for" 

[Here  there  is  a  gap  in  the  original  manuscript.  It  con- 
tained 41  pages,  but  a  portion  of  od  page,  and  all  subse- 
quent pages  to  the  88tli  are  missing.  Purchas  in  writing 
his  "Pilgrimage"  m  1614,  had  used  one  of  the  manuscript 
relations  of  George  Percy.  Before  he  published  his  four 
volumes  of  '-Pilgrimes"  in  1625,  he  may  have  taken  the 
portion  of  this  Relation  which  is  missing.  The  o8th  page 
begins  as  follows  :] 


viii  PREFA  CE. 

"  S""  Tho  :  Dale  haveinge  allmoste  finished  the  foarte, 
and  settled  a  plantacyon  in  that  p'te  dyv"  of  his  men 
being  idell,  and  not  willinge  to  take  paynes,  did  runne 
away  unto  the  Indyans;  many  of  them  beinge  taken  againe, 
S''  Thomas  in  a  moste  severe  manner  cawsed  to  be  exe- 
cuted, some  he  appointed  to  be  hanged,  some  burned,  some 
to  be  broken  on  wheels,  others  to  be  staked,  and  some  to 
be  shott  to  death  e,  all  theis  extreme  and  ere  well  tortures 
he  used,  and  inflicted  upon  them,  to  torrefy  the  reste  for 
attempteinge  the  lyke,  and  some  w^^  robbed  the  store,  he 
cawsed  them  to  be  bowned  faste  unto  trees,  and  so 
starved  them  to  deathe. 

"  So  leaveinge  S""  Thomas  busely  imployed  in  furnishinge 
the  ffoarte  and  settlinge  their  habitacyons,  lett  us  retourne 
to  James  towne  againe,  where,  our  Governour  S'  Tho  : 
Gates  was  resydentt.  Onely  by  the  waye  houlde  a  little 
att  Algernoune's  foarte^  the  w*^*"  was  accidentally  burned 
downe  to  the  grownde,  except  Capf"  Davis  howse,  and  the 
store  howse.  Whereupon  Capt"  Davis  fearinge  to  receive 
some  displeasure,  and  to  be  removed  from  thense,  the 
same  beinge  the  moste  plentiffuUest  place  for  food;  he 
used  sutche  expedityon  in  the  rebuyldoinge  the  same 
againe  that  itt  is  allmoste  incredible. 

"  Dyv'rs  Indyans  used  to  come  to  our  foarte  att  James 
Towne  bringinge  victualls  w^^'  them  butt  indeede  did 
rather  come  as  spyes  then  any  good  afFectyon  they  did 
beare  unto  us.  Some  of  them  S""  Tho :  Gates  cawsed  to 
be  apprehended  and  executed  for  a  terrour  to  the  reste,  to 
cause  them  to  desiste  from  their  subtell  practyses. 


^  At  Point  Comfort. 


PREFA  (IE.  ix 

"  Thus  haveinge  related  unto  your  Lordshipp  the  trewe 
p'cedenge  in  Virginia  from  S""  Tho  :  Gates  Shippwracke 
upon  the  Bermudes,  untill  my  dep'ture  out  of  the  country 
w'^^  was  then  the  22d  April,  1612,  the  w*=''  day  I  sett  sayle 
in  a  shipp  named  the  "  Tryall,"  and  haveing  by  compu- 
tatyon  sayled  about  200  leagues  w^^  a  reasonable  goode 
wynde  and  fayere  weather,  upon  a  sudden,  a  greate 
storme  did  aryse  in  so  mutche  that  the  misson  maste  did 
springe  with  tho  vyolence  of  the  wyndes,  and  lyeinge  in 
the  Greate  Cabbin  where  the  misson  stoode,  I  was  thereby 
mutche  indaungered,  and  in  perill  of  my  lyfe,  for  the 
.  same  w**^  greate  force  did  grate  upon  my  cabbin,  and 
narrowly  missed  me,  and  a  barrell  full  w**^  here  beinge  in 
the  cabbin,  the  misson  strucke  the  same  to  pieces,  that 
all  the  here  did  runne  about  the  cabbin. 

''  The  storme  ceasinge  and  our  misson  amended,  we  re- 
covered Flores,  Corves  and  St.  Michells^  nott  touchinge 
att  any  of  theis  Islandes,  butt  shaped  our  course  north- 
warde  where  fallinge  becallmed,  our  daunger  was  greater 
than  the  former,  for  feare  of  ftimine  and  wante  of  foode 
haveinge  butt  a  poore  small  quantitie  of  freshe  water,  and 
that  was  so  stencheous  that  onely  washinge  my  handes 
therew**^  I  cold  nott  endure  the  sent  thereof.  Our  greateste 
store  of  foode  was  pease,  and  thease  weare  so  corrupted 
mouldie,  rotten  and  worme  eaten  that  there  was  no 
substance  lefte  in  them,  but  beinge  stirred  wolde  crumble 
into  duste,  so  that  for  want  of  foode  we  weare  lyke  to 
perishe. 


'  Of  the  Azores. 


viii  PREFA  CM 

"  S'  Tho  :  Dale  haveinge  allmoste  finished  the  foarte, 
and  settled  a  plantacyon  in  that  p'te  dyv""^  of  his  men 
being  idell,  and  not  willinge  to  take  paynes,  did  runne 
away  unto  the  Indyans;  many  of  them  beinge  taken  againe, 
S""  Thomas  in  a  moste  severe  manner  cawsed  to  be  exe- 
cuted, some  he  appointed  to  be  hanged,  some  burned,  some 
to  be  broken  on  wheels,  others  to  be  staked,  and  some  to 
be  shott  to  deathe,  all  theis  extreme  and  crewell  tortures 
he  used,  and  inflicted  upon  them,  to  terrefy  the  reste  for 
attempteinge  the  lyke,  and  some  w'^''  robbed  the  store,  he 
cawsed  them  to  be  bowned  faste  unto  trees,  and  so 
starved  them  to  deathe. 

"  So  leaveinge  S""  Thomas  busely  imployed  in  furnishinge 
the  ffoarteand  settlinge  their  habitacyons,  lett  us  retourne 
to  James  towne  againe,  where,  our  Governour  S'  Tho  : 
Gates  was  resydentt.  Onely  by  the  waye  houlde  a  little 
att  Algernoune's  foarte^  the  w*''*  was  accidentally  burned 
downe  to  the  growude,  except  Capt"  Davis  howse,  and  the 
store  howse,  Whereupon  Capt"  Davis  fearinge  to  receive 
some  displeasure,  and  to  be  removed  from  thense,  the 
same  beinge  the  moste  plentiffuUest  place  for  food ;  he 
used  sutche  expedityoii  in  the  rebuyldeinge  the  same 
againe  that  itt  is  allmoste  incredible. 

"  Dyv'rs  Indyans  used  to  come  to  our  foarte  att  James 
Towne  bringinge  victualls  w"'  them  butt  indeede  did 
rather  come  as  spyes  then  any  good  affectyon  they  did 
beare  unto  us.  Some  of  them  S'  Tho :  Gates  cawsed  to 
be  apprehended  and  executed  for  a  terrour  to  the  reste,  to 
cause  them  to  desiste  from  their  subtell  practyses. 

*  At  Point  Comfort. 


PREFA  CE.  ix 

"  Thus  haveinge  related  unto  your  Lordshipp  the  trewe 
p'cedenge  in  Virginia  from  S""  Tho  :  Gates  Shippwracke 
upon  the  Bermudes,  untill  my  dep'ture  out  of  the  country 
w'^  was  then  the  22d  April,  1612,  the  w*=''  day  I  sett  sayle 
in  a  shipp  named  the  "  Tryall,"  and  haveing  by  compu- 
tatyon  sayled  about  200  leagues  w*'^  a  reasonable  goode 
wynde  and  fayere  weather,  upon  a  sudden,  a  greate 
storme  did  aryse  in  so  mutche  that  the  misson  maste  did 
springe  with  the  vyolence  of  the  wyndes,  and  lyeinge  in 
the  Greate  Cabbin  where  the  misson  stoode,  I  was  thereby 
mutche  indaungered,  and  in  perill  of  my  lyfe,  for  the 
same  w*^  greate  force  did  grate  upon  my  cabbin,  and 
narrowly  missed  me,  and  a  barrell  full  w***  here  beinge  in 
the  cabbin,  the  misson  strucke  the  same  to  pieces,  that 
all  the  here  did  runne  about  the  cabbin. 

"  The  storme  ceasinge  and  our  misson  amended,  we  re- 
covered Flores,  Corves  and  St.  Michells^  nott  touchinge 
att  any  of  theis  Islandes,  butt  shaped  our  course  north- 
warde  where  fallinge  becallmed,  our  daunger  was  greater 
than  the  former,  for  feare  of  famine  and  wante  of  foode 
haveinge  butt  a  poore  small  quantitie  of  freshe  water,  and 
that  was  so  stencheous  that  onely  washinge  my  handes 
therew^*'  I  cold  nott  endure  the  sent  thereof  Our  greateste 
store  of  foode  was  pease,  and  thease  weare  so  corrupted 
mouldie,  rotten  and  worme  eaten  that  there  was  no 
substance  lefte  in  them,  but  beinge  stirred  wolde  crumble 
into  duste,  so  that  for  want  of  foode  we  weare  lyke  to 
perishe. 


*  Of  the  Azores, 


X  PREFA CK 

"  But  God  lookeinge  mercyfully  upon  us  when  we  leaste 
expected  to  see  our  native  country  againe  we  liappely 
met  w**"  a  shippe  of  London  bounde  for  Newefoundlande 
one  Baker,  being  Master  thereof,  who  reladed  us  w*''  befe, 
fishe,  Breade,  bere,  and  tobaco  w*'''  greatly  comforted  us, 
and  saved  our  lyves  for  itt  was  above  thirty  dayes  after, 
before  we  made  lande  w^*"  was  Irelande.  So  after  a  long 
and  dangerous  voyage  we  did  fall  w^*"  the  lande,  and  putt 
into  Crooke  haven  where  we  remayned  some  foureteene 
dayes  in  w'''^  tyme  we  refreshed  ourselves,  and  revictewled 
our  shipp,  and  then  sett  sayle  againe,  and  w*^""  in  eight 
dayes  after  aryved  in  England,  and  anchored  in  Dover 
Roade  where  we  did  mete  w*''  S'  Samuell  Argall  bownde 
for  New  England  to  displant  the  French  collenie  there, 
the  w*^*^  as  I  after  heard  was  valliantly  p'formed,  Butt  how 
juste  the  cawse  was  I  refer  the  same  to  a  judityous  censor. 
So  staj'einge  there  some  fewe  dayes  at  Dover  to  accom- 
pany S''  Samuell,  I  tooke  poaste  horse,  and  from  thence 
roade  to  London.     Finis  " 

The  above  relation  was  prepared  after  Captain  John 
Smith  published  exaggerated  and  incorrect  narratives. 
Captain  Argall  was  not  knighted  until  A.D.  1622,  and 
the  reference  to  Sir  Samuel  shows  that  it  was  subsequently 
written.  Before  the  copy  of  Percy's  Relation  was  re- 
ceived, page  86  of  this  volume  was  printed,  where  it  is 
erroneously  conjectured,  that  Percy  returned  to  England 
in  the  ship  "  Treasurer,"  Capt.  Argall.  By  his  own 
statement,  he  was  a  passenger  in  the  "  Trial." 

For  several  vignettes,  used  in  the  titles  of  books,  I  am 
indebted  to  the  kindness   of  Hon.   John   R.    Bartlett   of 


PREFA  GE.  xi 

Providence,  Rhode  Island,  and  my  thanks  are  also  due 
to  W.  Noel  Sainsbury,  Esq.,  of  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office,  London,  and  Lord  Leconfield  of  Petworth,  for 
prompt  attention  to  my  requests. 

Edward  D.  Neill. 

Saint  Paul,  Minnesota, 
January,  1885. 


CORRIGENDA. 

Owing  to  the  distance  of  the  writer,  from  the  press,  it  is  necessary  to  append 
a  few  corrigenda. 


Page 


3  sixth  Earl, 

should  read  ninth. 

14  Turk's  heads, 

" 

"     Turks'. 

20  After  1607, 

<( 

"    at. 

64  O'Halliwell, 

II 

"     0.  Halliwell. 

66  W.  Dutton, 

" 

"     J.  Dutton. 

71  L'd  Thomas  Smyth 

les. 

i( 

"     Sir  Thomas  Smythes. 

72  Bloint, 

" 

"     Blount. 

74  Omit  in  caption,  and  Rev.  Alexander  Whitaker. 

76  After  Argall, 

should  read  sailed. 

86  lu  place  of  "it  is 

supposed 

••           iu  the   ship  '  Treasurer,' 

Capt.     Argall 

in     com- 

" 

"    a    passenger    in  the 

mand," 

"  Trial." 

"    him  in  footnote. 

" 

"     George  Percy. 

"    Statford, 

i> 

"     Strafford. 

94  brother  of  Sir.  W. 

Throck- 

morton, 

" 

"    sister. 

100  ruin, 

<( 

"    inn. 

111  One  cow  keeper, 

" 

"     Our. 

122  Sanisbury, 

II 

"    Sainsbury. 

"     His  Majesty's, 

(1 

"    Her. 

125  Inquilauas, 

It 

"     Inquilinas. 

127  luopem, 

II 

"     Inopem. 

135  Eu  dat, 

11 

"    En. 

184  We  also, 

" 

"    He. 

CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I.  Page. 

Events  Leading  to  Organization  of  Virginia  Company.     ,        .       ,        1 

CHAPTER  II. 

First  Council  in  Virginia  ;  Notices  of  Early  Colonists  ;  Affairs 

AT  Jamestown  A.  D.  1607  to  A.  D.  1609 7 

CHAPTER  III. 

Virginia  Affairs  in  England  ;  Letter  op  Newport  ;  First  Report 
OF  Council  in  Virginia  ;  Reasons  for  a  Public  Stock  ;  King's 
Council  for  Virginia;  Early  Publication 24 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Public  Collections  for  Virginia  ;  Crakanthorpe's  Sermon  ;  Dis- 
course of  Symonds;  a  Good  Speed  to  Virginia  ;  Second  Char- 
ter ;  King's  Councillors  for  VIRGI^fIA,•  Sermon  op  Daniel 
Price  ;  Publication  op  Nova  Britannia  ;  Gates  and  Somers 
Expedition. ,        .      35 

CHAPTER  V. 

A  Declaration;  Crasiiaw's  Sermon;  Letter  of  Sir  George  Som- 
ers ;  Rhymes  of  R.  Rich  ;  Confutation  of  Scandals.    ...      56 

CHAPTER  VL 

Second  Expedition  under  Gates;    Letters  op  Virginia  Company 

AND  Sir  Edwin  Sandys 66 


CHAPTER  VIL 

Lord    Delaware's  Sickness  ;    Letters  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale  and 

George  Percy 75 


xiv  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  VIII.  Page. 
Chakter  OF  1611-13;  King's  Council  for  Virginia;  Letter  op  Sir 
Edwin  Sandys;  Publications  in  A.  D.  1612  ;  Somers  Island  Com- 
pany  87 

CHAPTER  IX. 
Later  Career  of  Newport,  Dale,  Gates,  Argall  and  John  Smith.      93 

CHAPTER  X. 
Transportation  op  Worthless  Adults  and  Poor  Children.     .        .      101 

CHAPTER  XI. 

Affairs  op  the  Northern  Colony  ;  Voyage  of  Edward  Brawnde  ; 
Puritan  Colonists  Intended  for  the  Southern  Colony  settle 
AT  Plymouth,  Mass 105 

CHAPTER  XII. 

Administration  op  Governor  Teardley  ;  Meeting  op  the  First  Leg- 
islature ;  Introduction  op  Negro  Slavery 110 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

Gov.  Wyatt's   Administration  ;   Massacre,  Sickness  and  Famine  ; 

Letters  of  George  Sandys,  Lady  Wyatt,  William  Capps.    .        .    118 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Sermons  op  Patrick  Copland  and  John  Donne  before  Virginia 

Company 134 

CHAPTER  XV. 
John  Rolfe  and  his  White  Wives. 140 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

Affairs  of  the  Company  in  London  A.  D.  162.3,  until  the  Abroga- 
tion OP  Charter  ;  Letter  op  Earl  of  Middlesex  ;  Disputes  ; 
A  Ballad  ;  Letter  of  John  Bargrave 144 

CHAPTER  XVIL 

Religious  and  Educational  Efforts  ;  Ministers  Richard  Buck, 
Poole,  Glover,  Alexander  Whitaker,  William  Wickham,  Wil- 
liam Mease  ;  Collections  in  England  for  College  for  Indians  j 


CONTENTS.  XV 

Page. 
Legacy  of  Mary  Robinson  ;  Report  on  Projected  College  ; 
Legacy  of  Five  Hundred  Pounds  ;  Ministers  George  Keith, 
Thomas  Bargrave,  David  Sands,  Jonas  Stockton,  Robert 
Paulett,  Hawte  Wyatt,  Francis  Bolton,  William  Bennett, 
Thomas  White,  William  Leate,  Greville  Pooley  ;  First  Eng- 
lish Free  School  Projected  ;  Legacy  op  George  Ruggle  ;  Uni- 
versity and  School  of  Art  Projected  ;  Lewis  Hughes  ;  Pat- 
rick Copland  in  Bermudas 163 

APPENDIX. 

Privy  Council  on  Lottery  ;  Letter  of  Virginia  Company  to  City 
OF  Salisbury  ;  The  Affair  of  the  Ship  "  Treasurer  ; "  Letter 
OF  Baldwin  on  Early  Colonists  ;  Liturgy  of  Lewis  Hughes  ; 
Gov.  Butler's  Liturgy.  , 199 


f  itgittia  Wtin^t^. 


CHAPTER  I. 

EVENTS  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  ORGANIZATION  OF  THE 
VIRGINIA  COMPANY. 

T  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  Henry,  the  Earl  of  South- 
ampton, and  a  few  others,  revived 
the  scheme  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh, 
to  found  an  English  settlement 
in  North  America.  Southampton, 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas, 
Earl  Arundel,  in  1605,  sent  out 
Captain  Waymouth  of  Corkington,  Devonshire,  on  a  voyage 
of  discovery,  who  returned  on  the  eighteenth  of  July,  to 
England,  with  five  Indians,  three  of  whom,  were  cared  for 
by  Sir  Ferdinand  Gorges,  then  in  command  of  Plymouth 
Castle.  In  a  few  weeks,  Waymouth  was  preparing  for 
another  voyage,  and  on  the  30th  of  October,  articles  of 
agreement  were  drawn^  by  which  Sir  John  Zouche,  Knight, 

^  Appendix  to  Eighth  Report  of  Royal  Commission  on  histori- 
cal Bfanuscripts. 


2  VIEGIJSriA    VETUSTA. 

of  Codnor,  in  Derbyshire,  was  to  furnish  at  his  own  cost 
two  ships  with  "all  necessaries  of  victual,  provision, 
munition,  and  two  hundred  able  and  sufficient  men,  fitting 
for  a  plantation  and  a  colony."  Sir  John  was  to  be  chief, 
and  Waymouth  second  in  command.  If  it  so  pleased 
God  "  to  prosper  and  bless  the  intended  voyage  and  the 
actors  of  the  same,  that  thereby  the  land  should  be  in- 
habited with  an  English  nation,  and  according  to  politic 
estate  of  Government,  proportion  of  land  be  allotted  to 
each,  as  such  should  be  transported  thither  to  inhabit ; 
then,  after  Sir  John  should  have  made  his  choice,  and 
assumed  into  his  possession,  in  manner  of  inheritance 
such  quantity  of  land  as  he  should  think  good,  Capt. 
"Waymouth  and  his  assigns  to  make  his  or  their  next 
choice  of  land,  to  hold  of  Sir  John,  as  Lord  Paramount." 

Before  this  agreement,  Waymouth  had  arranged  with 
Parker,  Canne,  Love,  and  Morgan  of  Plymouth  to  carry 
them  "with  their  shipping  and  provision  to  the  land 
of  Virginia,  there  to  fish  and  traffic,  and  do  what  else 
should  be  fitting  for  a  merchant  voyage."  Zouche^  con- 
sented to  carry  out  this  contract  with  the  understanding 
that  they  were  not  to  trade  there  longer  than  a  year. 

Before  the  contract  between  Zouche  and  Captain 
Waymouth  was  carried  into  effect,  a  broader  movement 
was  initiated.  In  A.D.,  1602,  Richard  Hakluyt,  who  as 
Prebendary   of    Bristol    Cathedral    had    shown    a    deep 


^  Captain  John  Zouche,  and  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  were  each  in 
command  of  a  company  at  the  siege  in  1580  of  the  Spanish  Fort 
near  Tralee  in  the  south-west  part  of  Ireland,  and  in  August,  1581, 
Zouche  was  promoted  as  Governor  of  Munster. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  3 

interest  in  the  voyages  made  to  Virginia  by  Grenville, 
Lane  and  White;  and  in  A.D.,  1589,  had  published' his 
still  celebrated  collection  of  Voyages  and  Discoveries, 
in  some  copies  of  which,  is  a  map  of  America  containing 
the  names  of  Virginia  and  Lake  Ontario,  came  up  to 
London,  to  reside  as  Prebendary  of  Westminster  Abbey. 
A  few  months  after  his  arrival,  died  the  illustrious  Queen 
Elizabeth,  and  on  the  seventh  of  May,  1603,  her  successor, 
James  the  First,  was  received  in  London,  when  the  com- 
plexion of  political  parties  begun  to  change,  and  Hakluyt 
found  those  who  had  been,  and  were  still,  friendly  to  him, 
inimical  to  each  other.  By  the  influence  of  the  Spanish 
party  in  politics.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  to  whom  he  had 
dedicated  some  of  his  works,  was  now  in  the  tower  of 
London  and  the  rough  Chief  Justice  Popham  another 
friend  of  American  colonization  had  sentenced  Raleigh  to 
death. 

In  the  same  tower,  toward  the  close  of  the  year, 
1605,  was  confined  an  earnest  well-wisher  to  Virginia, 
Henry,  the  sixth  Earl  of  Northumberland ;  and  in  fre- 
quent converse,  with  these  prisoners  of  State,  was  seen  a 
common  friend,  Thomas  Hariot,^  who  had  been  a  tutor  in 
Raleigh's  family,  accompanied  Grenville  in  1585,  to  North 
Carolina,  and  written  in  1588  "a  briefe  and  true  report 
of  the  New  Found  Land  of  Virginia." 


^  Thomas  Hariot  born  about  1560,  was  educated  at  Oxford.  Wood 
in  Athence  Oxonienses  mentions  that  he  was  at  one  time  a  tutor  in 
Raleigh's  family.  He  was  also  in  the  employ  of  Henry  Percy,  Earl 
of  Northumberland.  Hallam  writes  that  he  "  was  destined  to  make 
the  last  great  discovery  in  the  pure  science  of  Algebra."  Des  Cartes 
the  French  philosopher  profited  by  his  investigations. 


4  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

In  the  spirit  of  Christ  the  Consoler,  Hakluyt  must  have 
taken  pleasure  in  visiting  those  in  prison,  and  in  con- 
versing with  them,  upon  the  different  projects,  that  were 
talked  over  in  the  Royal  Exchange,  in  Cornhill  Ward, 
for  the  planting  of  a  colony  in  Virginia. 

During  the  winter  of  1605-6,  the  Earl  of  Southampton, 
Richard  Hakluyt,  and  many  "  firm  and  hearty  "  friends 
of  colonization  agreed  to  unite  in  a  Company  for  the 
settlement  of  Englishmen  in  North  America,  in  which 
the  interests  of  London  and  Bristol  merchants  would  be 
acknowledged,  and  freedom  to  work,  each  by  their  own 
methods. 

On  the  10th  day  of  April,  1606,  a  patent  was  issued  to 
Sir  Thomas  Gates,  Sir  George  Somers  and  others,  to  send 
a  colony  to  Virginia.  For  the  more  speedy  accomplish- 
ment of  an  English  settlement  the  charter  provided  for 
"  two  several  colonies  and  companies,"  each  of  which  was 
to  have  a  Council  of  thirteen  persons  to  be  guided  by  the 
King's  instructions.  Each  council  was  to  have  a  seal  with 
the  King's  Arms  engraved  on  one  side,  "  and  his 
portraiture  on  the  other ; "  on  one  side  of  the  seal  of  the 
first  colony  were  to  be  the  words  Sigillum  regis  MagncB 
Brittanioe,  Francice  and  Hihernice ;  on  the  other  side 
Pro  concilio  primw  colonice  Virginice,  The  seal  of  the 
second  was  the  same  as  the  first  except  the  change  in  the 
legend  on  one  side  to  Pro  concilio  secundce  Colonice 
VirginicB 

There  was  also  provision  made  for  a  Council,  resident 
in  England,  known  as  the  King's  Coimcil  of  Virginia  which 
should  have  the  managing  and  direction  of  the  settlement 
within  the  limit  of  the  thirty-fourth  and  forty-fifth  degrees 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  5 

of  north  latitude.  This  Council  was  to  have  a  seal  like 
the  others,  but  the  legend  on  one  side  P)-o  Concilio  suo 
Virginice. 


While  the  Charter  was  sealed  on  the  tenth  of  April,  it 
was  not  until  the  twentieth  of  November,  1606,  that  the 
King  issued  his  first  instructions,  under  the  patent  to  his 
first  Council  of  Virginia. 

The  persons  selected  for  the  Council  were  men 
recognized  as  men  of  position  not  only  in  the  city  of 
London,  but  throughout  England. 

By  the  instructions  of  the  King,  his  Council  in  England 
for  Virginia  was  empowered  to  appoint  and  direct  the 
members  of  the  Councils  in  Virginia.  Each  Colonial 
Council  was  not  to  exceed  thirteen  persons,  and  for  just 
cause,  a  majority  in  each  Council  could  remove  the 
president,  or  any  other  member. 


6  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

It  was  also  directed  "  that  no  person  should  be  admitted 
to  abide  or  remain  in  the  said  Colonies,  but  such  as  should 
take,  not  only  the  usual  oath  of  obedience,  but  also  the 
oath  prescribed  in  the  last  session  of  Parliament,  holden  at 
Westminster,  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  Majesty's  reign 
for  due  obedience  to  the  King,  his  heirs,  and  successors.^" 

The  King's  Council  of  Virginia,  also,  on  the  tenth  of 
December,  issued  orders  for  the  captains,  mariners  and 
others  that  were  about  to  settle  the  first  Colony  in  Virginia^. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1607,  the  first  colonists  landed  on 
a  peninsula  of  Virginia  selected  for  its  good  anchorage 
and  named  the  settlement  James  Town  in  honor  of  the 
King. 


*  The  first  instructions  of  the  King's  Council  in  England  for  Vir- 
ginia are  fully  given  in  Stith's  JTistory  of  Virginia^  Williamsburg, 
1747,  pp.  37-41. 

^  These  directions  were  for  the  first  time  printed  in  full  in  History 
of  the  Yirginia  Company  of  London^  Joel  Munsell,  publisher, 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  1869,  pp.  4-14. 


CHAPTER  II. 

FIRST  COUNCIL  IN  VIRGINIA.    NOTICES   OF  EARLY  COLONISTS 
AFFAIRS  AT  JAMESTOWN,  A.D.,  1607-A.D.,  1609. 

HE  first  Council  in   Virginia,  appointed  by  the 

King's  Council  in  England,  were  Edward  Maria 

Wingfield,   Capt.    Bartholomew   Gosnold,    Capt. 

John   Smith,  Capt.    John  Ratcliffe,  Capt.  John 

Martin  and  Capt.  George^  Kendall. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1607,  the  members  of  the  Council 
were  sworn,  but  Captain  John  Smith,  and  Wingfield 
elected  President.  Some  of  the  Council  were  by  no  means 
the  flower  of  England,  or  the  salt  of  the  earth. 


Edward  Maria  Wingfield. 

Wingfield  was  the  son  of  Sir  Thomas  Maria  Wingfield, 
who  in  1597,  was  Knighted  in  Ireland  for  military  services. 
He  had  not  been  an  exemplary  youth  and  is  supposed  to 
be  the  same  person  of  whom  Sir  Francis  Knollys  on  the 
28th  of  June,  1580,  wrote  to  Walsingham,  Secretary  of 
State,  in  these  words  "  Edward  Wingfield  is  to  be  called 
before  the  Council  for  outrages  in  Kimbolton."  He  lived 
beyond  his  income  before  he  attained  the  age  of  manhood. 
On   the   28th  of  January,  1582,   the  Lords  of  the  Privy 


^  In  History  of  the    Virginia    Cotnpany,  Munsell,  1869,  p.    15, 
Kendall's  christian  name,  by  a  typographical  error,  is  given  as  John. 


8  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

Council  wrote  to  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London  "  that  Edward 
Wingfield,  son  and  heir  apparent  to  Thomas  Wingfield  of 
Kimbolton,  Huntingdonshire,  had  contracted  certain  debts, 
under  age,  to  sundry  persons  in  the  city.  The  Council 
had  thought  it  meet  to  recommend  the  Lord  Chancellor 
to  examine  into  the  said  debts,  and  in  the  meantime  to 
request  the  Lord  Mayor  to  give  instructions  to  the  sheriff 
and  officers  of  the  city  not  to  suffer  any  action  to  be  pro- 
ceeded against  the  said  Wingfield,  or  his  securities." 

In  1588,  he  appears  to  have  been  in  the  Low  Countries, 
for  among  the  State  Papers  under  date  of  the  5th  of 
September,  friends  in  England,  petition  that  Edward 
Wingfield  and  Ferdinand  Gorges,  prisoners  at  Lisle,  and 
others,  might  be  exchanged  for  the  Spanish  prisoners 
lately  taken  in  naval  conflicts  by  Sir  Francis  Drake,  and 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

At  the  time  that  Wingfield  embarked  for  Virginia, 
Gorges  was  Governor  of  Plymouth  Castle  and  was 
anxious  for  the  success  of  the  expedition. 

Wingfield  was  designated  as  President  of  the  Council, 
but  in  September,  1607,  owing  to  dissatisfaction  with  his 
administration  was  removed,  and  his  fellow  councillor 
John  Ratcliffe,  elected.  In  1608,  he  returned  to 
England.^ 


*  There  are  no  traces  of  Wingfield's  employment  after  his  return 
to  England.  R.  Beedham,  Esq.,  of  Ashfield  House,  Kimbolton, 
writes  to  me  relative  to  the  Wingfield  family  :  "Their  chief  seat  was 
the  Castle  in  this  parish,  where  I  have  lived  all  my  life  and  in  which 
I  was  born.  Edward  Maria  Wingfield  was  the  very  man  I  believe, 
who  sold  the  estate  to  Henry  Montague,   afterwards.  Earl  of  Man- 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 


Bartholomew  Gosnold. 


Captain  Bartholomew  Gosnold  for  honorable  conduct, 
wide  experience,  and  peaceful  disposition  would  have 
been  esteemed  in  any  community,  and  formed  a  wide 
contrast  to  some  of  his  associates.  He  was  accompanied 
by  his  son  Anthony,  and  his  nephew  Anthony,  but  died 
in  August  of  the  year  of  his  arrival. 


John  Smith. 

The  life  of  Captain  John  Smith  as  told  by  himself  is 
stranger  than  fiction,  and  at  variance  with  records. 
He  was  the  elder  son  of  George  Smith,  a  farmer  near 
Alford,  in  Lincolnshire,  a  poor  and  worthy  tenant  of 
Baron  Willoughby,  of  Eresby,  and  Alice  his  wife.  The 
baptismal  register  of  the  Church  at  Willoughbv,  shows 


Chester,   whose  lineal  descendant,  the  Duke  of  Manchester,  is  now 
owner." 

Among  the  Manchester  MSS.,  in  her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office,  is  a  letter  of  Edward  Maria  dated  February  21,  1641-2,  in 
which  asking  for  a  troop  in  Ireland,  where  his  father  had  served 
forty  years  before,  he  writes  :  "  I  confess  I  never  knew  wars  but  I 
doubt  not  my  own  industry  and  a  willing  mind  to  vanquish  those 
inhuman  and  irreligious  rebels,  in  time  may  make  me  worthy  of 
that  or  the  like  honourable  command." 

On  the  29th  of  January,  1646-Y,  an  order  of  Parliament  was 
issued,  authorizing  "  the  sale  by  Edward  Maria  Wingfield  of 
Keston,  in  the  county  of  Huntingdon,  of  so  much  of  his  estate  as 
should  produce  £800  due  upon  a  bond  to  Wolley  Lee,  of  Thorpe, 
in  the  county  of  Surrey,  Esquire,  a  delinquent  since  deceased." 
2 


10  VIEGINIA    VETUSTA. 

that  on  the  6th  of  January,  1579-80  (O.S.),  he  received 
infant  baptism.  The  father,  George  Smith,  made  his  will 
on  the  30th  of  March,  which  was  on  the  22d  of  April, 
1596,  proved.  Alice  his  wife  at  this  time  was  still  living. 
By  the  will,  his  son  John,  was  to  receive  seven  acres  of 
pasturage.  By  these  records,  it  is  evident  that  John  was 
about  seventeen  years  old  when  his  father  died. 

Upon  the  first  page  of  his  "  True  Travels,  Adventures 
and  Observations,"  Smith  writes  :  "  His  parents  dying 
when  he  was  about  thirteen  years  of  age,  left  him  a 
competent  means,  which  he  not  being  capable  to  manage, 
little  regarded ;  his  mind  being,  even  then,  set  upon 
brave  adventures,  sold  his  satchel,  books,  and  all  he  had, 
intending,  secretly,  to  get  to  sea,  but  that  his  father's 
death  stayed  him." 

There  is  a  confusion  in  this  sentence  hard  to  explain  : 
First,  his  parents  both  dying  when  he  was  about  thirteen 
years  of  age,  and  left  with  competent  means ;  then, 
selling  his  books  to  go  to  sea,  but  stopped  by  his  father's 
death,  which  he  mentions  in  the  beginning  of  the  para- 
graph as  having  already  taken  place.  His  father  made 
him  and  his  younger  brother,  executors  of  his  will,  with 
another  person  as  supervisor.  At  the  age  of  fifteen. 
Smith  asserts  that  he  was  bound  an  apprentice  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Sendall  of  Lynn,  from  whom  he  ran  away.  He 
then  attended  "Mr.  Perigrine  Barty  [Bertie]  into 
France." 

While  Smith  avoids  dates,  the  Public  Record  Office  at 
London,  contains  the  following,  dated  Greenwich,  June 
26,1599:  "Licence  to   Peregrine  Bertie,  younger  son  of 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  \\ 

Lord  Willoughbj^  of  Eresby,  to  travel  for  three  years, 
with  his  tutor,  two  servants,  two  horses,  and  60l  in 
money."  Smith  was  one  of  the  two  servants,  and  twenty 
years  of  age.  Peregrine  met  his  brother  Robert,  in 
France,  and  after  traveUing  for  several  years  both  were 
at  Padua,  and  here,  Robert,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1603,  writes 
to  King  James  of  England,  who  had  been  on  the  throne, 
but  a  few  months,  and  congratulates  him  on  his  accession, 
thanks  him  for  his  "  letters  commending  himself  and 
brother  to  the  Duke  [of  Tuscany]  and  begs  permission  to 
continue  his  travels,  till  his  estate,  which  is  left  in  hands 
of  Trustees  during  his  minority,  had  paid  off  sundry  debts 
of  his  late  father." 

John  Smith  alludes  to  meeting  in  Italy  with  ^'  his  dear 
friends,  the  two  Honourable  Brethren,  the  Lord  Willoughby 
and  his  Brother."  It  is  possible  that  the  two  Berties  had 
been  in  Austria  and  Hungary,  and  reached  Padua  by  way 
of  Vienna  and  Venice,  their  father  in  1595,  having  been 
in  the  last  city. 

Smith's  statement  is,  that  he  "  was  desirous  to  see  more 
of  the  world,  and  trie  his  fortunes  against  the  Turkes." 
Crossing  over  to  France,  after  some  wonderful  adventures, 
he  reached  Marseilles,  and  there  shipped  for  Italy. 
Being  thrown  overboard  because  he  was  an  Englishman 


^  Peregrine  Bertie,  the  father,  was  in  1580,  created  Baron 
Willoughby  of  Eresby.  In  1582,  he  was  sent  to  Denmark,  and  1587 
commanded  the  English  array,  in  the  Low  Countries.  In  1589,  he 
was  sent  with  English  troops  to  the  aid  of  Heniy  the  4th  of  France. 
In  1595,  he  was  at  Venice.  In  1598,  Governor  of  Barwick,  and  in 
1601,  he  died. 


12  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

and  a  "  Hugonoit,"  he  was  picked  up  by  a  friendly  vessel, 
which  carried  him  to  Alexandria,  in  Egypt.  From  thence 
he  went  with  the  Captain  to  the  coast  of  Italy.  Reach- 
ing Leghorn,  he  travelled  to  Rome,  saw  "  the  Pope, 
Clement  the  Eighth,  with  many  cardinalls  creepe  up  the 
holy  stayres,  which  they  say  are  those  our  Saviour  Christ 
went  up  to  Tontius  Pilate."  "  Having  saluted  Father 
Parsons  that  famous  English  Jesuite "  and  satisfied 
himself  with  Rome,  he  visited  other  Italian  cities,  and 
going  eastward  at  length  reached  Gratz,  in  Stiria,  where 
through  a  Baron  Kisell  of  the  Artillery,  he  entered  the 
regiment  of  the  Earl  of  Meldritch. 


Smith's  alleged  Experiences  in  the  Austrian  Empiee. 

While  Ferdinand  the  Archduke  was  besieging  Canisia, 
the  Duke  de  Mercuric  (Mercoeur)  was  before  Alba 
Regalis,  the  Stuhl  Weissenburg,  of  modern  maps. 

Smith  writes  that  "  after  the  losse  of  Caniza,  the  Turks 
with  twentie  thousand  besieged  the  town  of  Olumpagh." 
The  sentence  is  obscure.  On  the  twenty-second  of 
October,  of  A.D.  1600,  Canisia  surrendered  to  the  Turks 
and  immediately  after,  in  the  words  of  Knolles^  the  best 


^  The  "  General  Historie  of  the  Turkes,^''  by  Richard  Knolles, 
sometime  Fellow  of  Lincoln  College,  Oxford,  appeared  in  1610,  a 
work  of  great  fairness  and  accuracy,  was  much  commended  a  year 
after  Smith's  return  from  Virginia.  It  gives  full  details  of  the 
conflict  at  Stuhl  Weissenburg,  Canisia,  and  other  points.  A  third 
edition  was  printed  by  Adam  Islip,  A.D.  1621,  a  copy  of  which  is 
before  the  writer,  a  large  folio  of  more  than  1400  pages,  with 
numerous  well  engraved  portraits  of  Sigismund  and  others.    Knolles, 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  13 

authority  we  have  on  these  events,  the   Turks   "  foraged 
the  country  without  resistance." 

The  Siege  op  Olumpaii. 

The  siege  of  Olumpah^  by  twenty  thousand  Turks, 
where  Smith  asserts,  that  he  so  distinguished  himself  as 
to  be  promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  two  hundred  and  fifty 
men  under  Voldo,  Earl  of  Meldritch,  Knolles  though  quite 
minute,  in  his  details,  does  not  even  mention. 

Alba  Regalis  Besieged. 

The  Duke  de  Mercurie  led  an  army  of  Imperialists 
against  the  stronghold  Alba  Regalis.'^ 

knolles.  Smith. 

"  The  Bassa  upon  promise  of         "  Tlie    Bashaw     *     *     *     * 

his  life  yielded,  and   was  by  the     Seeing  most   of   his   men    slaine 

Duke    [MerccEur]  presently  sent     before  him  by  the  valiant  Captain, 

into  the  camp."  Earle  Meldritch,   who   took  him 

prisoner  with  his  owne  hands, 
and  with  the  hazard  of  himself 
saved  him  from  the  fury  of  other 
troops." 


on  page  1136  writes  that  "  God  in  his  wisdom  still  tempereth  the 
sweet  with  the  sour.  Smith,  in  Chapter  VIII,  writes  that  "  the  loss 
of  the  army  so  intermingled  the  sour  with  the  sweets."  One  who 
reads  Knolles  gains  the  impression  that  the  book  was  used  in  the 
preparation  of  Smith's  Travels. 

'  There  is  an  Alt  Lendva  or  Ober  Lindva  on  a  tributary  of  the 
Muhr  river  west  of  Canisia,  and  Obel  Limpach,  north  of  Canisia, 
on  the  river  Raab. 

^  Alba  Regalis  the  burial  place  of  fourteen  Hungarian  Kings 


14  ,         VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

On  the  4th  of  November,  A.D.,  1601,  a  division  of 
Mercoeur's  army  under  Russworm  arrived  at  Canisia,  but 
the  Earl  Meldritch  went  according  to  Smith  to  Transyl- 
vania, where  hearing  of  the  death  of  Michael  and  the 
Duke  de  Mercoeur,  united  with  Sigismund,  against  George 
Basta,  of  the  leader  of  the  Imperialists. 


Three  Turk's  Heads. 

Meldritch  is  now  represented  as  fighting  against  the 
Turks,  and  Smith  gives  a  description  of  a  siege  of  a 
Turkish  stronghold  in  which  Zachell  Moyses  was  General 
of  the  Army,  of  which  KnoUes  does  not  make  the  slightest 
mention.  The  Christians  according  to  Smith  occupied 
nearl}^  a  month  in  intrenching  themselves,  around  the 
division  of  the  Turks.  Here  "  to  delight  the  ladies  who 
did  long  to  see  some  court-like  pastime "  the  Turkish 
Captain  challenged  the  Christians  to  a  single  combat. 
By  lot.  Smith  was  selected  and  entering  the  list  soon 
killed,  and  cut  off  the  head  of  his  Turkish  opponent 
which  was  presented  to  Moyses.  He  then  had  a  second 
encounter  with  the  Turk  Gonalgo  and  took  his  head. 
Then  a  third  encounter  with  Bonny  Mulgro,  who  lost  his 
head,  as  the  others. 

After  Smith  had  taken  the  three  Turk's  heads,  Moyses 
brought  the  army  to  a  point  not  far  from  Prince  Sigis- 
mund's  palace,  the  town  of  Abbe  Julia  or  Karlsburg  and 
here  Smith  alone  relates  that  Sigismund  recognized  his 
valuable  services,  by  giving  him  under  his  hand  and  seal 
a  patent  for  a  coat  of  arms  containing  three  Turk's  heads 
in  a  shield. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  15 

Duke   Sigismund. 

Knolles  mentions  that  in  1602,  the  Duke  Sigismund 
finding  that  he  would  not  receive  the  aid  promised  by  the 
Turks,  thought  it  wise  to  resign  in  favor  of  George  Basta 
the  leader  of  the  German  Emperor's  forces. 

Zachell  Moyses  indignant  at  this  step  upon  the  part  of 
his  Prince,  with   a  force  of  Turks,  Tartans  and  Transyl-     7^ 
vanians  attacked   Basta,  was  defeated,   and   then  fled  to 
the    Turks,    near   Temeswar.      After   this    according    to 
Smith,  Meldritch  fought  under  Basta. 

Battle  of  Rotteetox. 

The  people  of  Wallachia  declaring  for  RadoU  as  their 
Governor,  he  obtained  the  assistance  of  Basta  to  hold  his 
position  against  the  Turks.  The  two  armies  met  in  the 
valley  of  Veristborne  between  the  Aluta  River,  and  Rot- 
terton^  mountain  and  there  was,  writes  Knolles,  "  a  most 
terrible  and  bloody  battell  the  glorie  whereof  fell  unto 
Raddoll." 

Here  on  the  18th  of  November,  1602,  Smith  declares 
he  was  taken  prisoner  by  Lord  Bashaw,  of  Cambria  a 
country  of  Tartania,  and  bought  by  Bogall,  was  sent  to  his  /^ 
fair  mistress  at  Constantinople  for  a  slave.  Having  com- 
passion on  him  the  mistress  sent  him  to  her  brother  the 
Bashaw  of  Nalbrits.  Here  to  his  disappointment  he  was 
most  cruelly  treated,  he  therefore  one  day  beat  out  the 
Bashaw's  brains  with  his  threshing  bat,  and  fled.     During 


Rotterton  is  the  Rother-thurmus  Pass  of  modern  maps. 


16  VIE  G  INI  A    VETU&TA. 

his  wanderings  he  was  everywhere  well  treated,  and  in 
time  reached  Hermanstadt,  in  Transylvania,  where  he 
was  "  glutted  with  content,  and  near  drowned  with  joy." 
From  thence  he  went  to  Prague,  in  Bohemia,  and  found 
Prince  Sigismund  and  his  Colonel  at  Lipswick,  in  Misen- 
land  where  on  the  9th  of  December,  1603,  for  the  second 
time  he  received  a  patent  of  arms  from  Sigismund,  the 
coat  embracing  three  Turks'  heads. 

We  will  probably  never  know  why  nearly  twenty-two 
years  elapsed  before  Smith  had  these  arms  registered  in 
the  office  of  the  Herald  of  Arms  at  London,  but  in  this 
connection  it  will  not  be  out  of  place  to  give  an  ex- 
tract from  the  De  Repuhlica  Anglorum,  written  by 
Sir  Thomas  Smith,  the  learned  Secretary  of  Queen  Eliza- 
beth. ^'  As  for  gentlemen  they  be  made  good  cheape  in 
England.  =•=•*****  A  King  of  Heraulds  shal 
also  giue  him  for  mony,  armes  newly  made  and  in- 
uented,  tlie  title  whereof  shall  pretende  to  haue  been 
found  by  the  said  Herauld  in  perusing  and  viewing  of 
olde  registers.  '^  *  '•'  *  Or  if  he  will  do  it  more 
truely  and  of  better  faith,  he  will  write  that  for  the 
merrites  of  that  man  and  certain  qualities  which  he  doth 
see  in  him,  and  for  sundrie  noble  actes  which  he  hath  per- 
formed, he,  by  the  authoritie,  which  he  hath  as  King  of 
Heraldes  and  armes  giveth  to  him  and  his  heirs  these 
armes." 

It  is  not  surprising  that  one  so  fond  of  adventure  should 
apply  to  go  to  Virginia,  and  that  the  following  letter, 
ascribed  to  him  should  have  been  written  : 

"  I  have  given  to  understand  ther  ys  a  voyage  for  the 
South  parttss,  y£f  it  be  so  that  you  thinke  good  of  y t,  and 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  17 

that  yt  may  be  to  evrye  good  purpos,  I  praye  to  have 
your  furdorans  in  yt.  And  yt  be  that  you  dealle  in  the 
said  vyage,  I  ame  att  your  Worship's  commandmentt, 
otherwyse  nott,  nott  without  your  consentt.       I   wolde 

[letter  here  destroyed  by  fire]  one  vyage into  the 

North  parts.     I  wolde  knowne  your  pleasure  herein,  and 

that  knowne  I  wylle  make  my as  you  will  assyne 

me.      Your  Worship  shall  have   me  in   Plemouthe,   this 

the .     God  preserve  you.     From  Brystowe,  the  last 

of  November. 

Your  Obeydent, 

Smythe.^ 


^  The  names  indicated  by  the  blanks,  have  been  destroyed  by  the 
fire,  which  in  1731,  occurred  at  Ashburnham  House  where  the 
manuscripts  of  Cotton  were  then  kept.  The  letter  is  endorsed  as 
that  of  Captain  John  Smith,  and  is  still  preserved  among  the 
Cotton  manuscripts  in  the  British  Museum,  As  Dr.  Symonds  of 
Oxford,  in  1612,  assisted  Smith  in  the  preparation  of  his  first  work 
printed  after  his  return  from  Virginia,  Cotton  and  other  literary 
men  may  have  prepared  those  sentences  in  "  The  True  Travels  " 
A.D,  1630,  which  indicate  an  acquaintance  with  classical  literature, 
and  an  extensive  reading.  In  the  dedication  of  this  book  to  the 
Earls  of  Pembroke,  Lindsey  and  Dover,  Smith  begins  in  these 
words  :  "  Sir  Robert  Cotton,  that  most  learned  treasurer  of  an- 
tiquity, having  by  perusal  of  my  General  History,  and  others, 
found  that  I  likewise  had  undergone  divers  other  as  hard  hazards 
and  other  parts  of  the  world  requested  me  to  fix  the  whole  course 
of  ray  passages  in  a  booke  by  itselfe  whose  noble  desire  I  would  but 
in  part  satisfy,  the  rather  because  they  have  acted  my  fatal  Trage- 
dies upon  the  stage,  and  racked  my  Relations  at  their  pleasure. 
To  prevent  therefore  all  future  mispiisions,  I  have  compiled  this 
true  discourse.  Envie  hath  taxed  me  to  have  writ  too  much,  and 
done  too  little  ;  but  that  such  should  know  how  little  I  esteeme 
them  I  have  writ  this,  more  for  the  satisfaction  of  my  friends,  and 
all  generous  and  well  disposed  Readers." 
3 


18  VIRGINIA   YETU8TA. 

Accustomed  to  a  life  of  viscisitudes  and  full  of  energy, 
Smith  was  popular  with  the  colonists,  a  majority  of  them 
of  the  baser  sort,  and  on  the  10th  of  September,  1608,  at 
their  request  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Council,  but 
the  next  year  was  sent  to  England  to  answer  for  some 
misdemeanors.^ 

John  Ratcliffe, 
John  Ratcliffe  was  one  of  whom  little  is  known.  His 
real  name  was  said  to  have  been  Sicklemore.  He  suc- 
ceeded Wingfield  as  President  of  the  Council,  but  in 
September,  1608,  was  succeeded  by  Smit^h,  and  returned 
to  England,  but  in  July,  1609,  came  back  in  one  of  the 
ships  of  the  fleet  of  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  and  in  1610  was 
slain  by  the  Indians. 

John  Martin. 

John  Martin  had  influence  with  the  London  Company, 
and  appears  as  an  adventurer  to  the  amount  of  seventy 
pounds  sterling.  He  was  a  brother-in-law  of  Sir  Julius 
Csesar,  Master  of  the  Rolls,  and  remained  a  prominent 
citizen  of  Virginia  until  the  dissolution  of  the  Company. 
Among  the  Caesar  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum  is  one 
catalogued  "  Proposals  of  Thomas  [John]  Martin  "  dated 
December  9,  1622,  "  respecting  the  question  between  the 
Virginia  Company  and  himself,"  and  there  is  also  a  letter 
of  his  from  Virginia,  March  8,  1626,  to  Sir  Julius  CaBsar. 
While  he  was  grasping  and  arbitrary  in  disposition,  he 
was  the  only  one  of  the  first  colonists  who  maintained  a 


History  of  Virginia  Company,  p.  32. 


VIRGINIA    VETTJSTA.  19 

prominent  position  both  in  Virginia  and  England  for 
nearly  the  quarter  of  a  century.  As  late  as  December  19, 
1623,  the  Privy  Council  of  England,  in  a  letter  to  the 
Governor  and  Company  of  Virginia,  refers  to  "  Capt.  John 
Martin,  a  planter  of  Virginia  having  been  detained  a  good 
while  in  England,  by  reason  of  controversies  concerning 
that  plantation  who  is  now  returning  with  some  of  his 
servants,"  and  recomended  that  "more  than  ordinary 
respect  should  be  had  of  him." 

George  Kendall. 

George  Kendall  the  last  of  the  first  designated  coun- 
cillors was  deposed,  and  upon  the  testimony  of  one  Read 
a  blacksmith,  while  at  the  gallows,  he  was  arrested,  tried, 
and  hung  for  an  alleged  conspiracy.  There  is  no  direct 
mention  of  his  antecedents.  He  may  be  the  young  Scotch- 
man who  had  been  educated  at  Westminster  School,  and 
for  seven  years  served  in  the  wars  of  the  Low  Countries, 
who  petitioned  in  his  poverty  for  employment,  and  was 
sent  by  Sir  Robert  Cecil  as  his  servant  to  Paris.  In 
January,  1601-2,  this  George  Kendall  was  "a  prisoner  in 
the  Chelsea." 

Colonists  of  A.D.  1607. 

George  Percy,  the  youngest  brother  of  the  ninth  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  was  not  only  of  the  most  distinguished 
parentage,  but  one  of  the  first  who  landed  at  James-Town, 
and  he  will  be  noticed  in  another  chapter. 

Among  the  colonists  who  arrived  in  May,  1607,  was 
Andrew  Buckler,   of  Wyke    Regis.     His  name  does  not 


20  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

appear  in  the  list  of  colonists  but  Smith  in  the  seventh 
chapter  of  the  book  of  his  adventures,  writes  "  And  where 
Newport  durst  not  go  with  less  than  one  hundred  and 
twenty,  he  only  took  with  him  Captain  Waldo,  Mr, 
Andrew  Buckler,  Edward  Brinton,  and  Samuel  Collier." 
Buckler  did  not  remain  long  in  Virginia,  and  among  the 
documents  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  London,  there  is  a 
paper  relative  to  certain  patents  which  he  had  inherited, 
in  which  he  mentions  that  he  intends  marriage. 

The  only  residents  in  Virgini:i,  who  landed  in  1607,  the 
time  of  the  dissolution  of  the  London  Company,  were 
John  Dods,  William   Garret   (Jarrett)   and  John  Laydon. 

Dods  in  the  list  of  passengers  given  by  Smith  is  called 
a  laborer,  and  was  about  eighteen  years  of  age  when  he 
landed  from  the  ship  Susan  Constant.  In  January,  1625, 
he  was  living  at  Charles  City,  and  Jane,  his  wife,  was 
four  years  older.  He  planted  one  hundred  and  fifty  acres 
of  land,  opposite  James  City,  which  he  obtained  by  patents, 
and  had  fifty  within  the  corporation  of  James  City.^ 

William  Garret  in  the  list  a  bricklayer,  in  the  manu- 
script transactions  of  the  Virginia  Company  of  London, 
for  April,  1620,  is  called  "  William  Jarratt,  an  ancient 
inhabitant  for  thirteen  years ; "  he  had  a  patent  for  two 
hundred  acres  in  the  "  Weyonoke  "  district. 

John  Laydon,  when  he  came  in  the  "  Susan  Constant " 
was  twenty  six  years  of  age  and  was  registered  as  a 
laborer.  His  wife  Ann  came  in  the  "  Mary  Margaret " 
which  arrived  in  the  fall  of  1608,  and  was  then  thirteen 

^  Hotten. 


VIRGINIA    VETTI&TA.  21 

years  old.  In  January,  1625,  four  daughters  were  living. 
He  resided  at  Elizabeth  City.^ 

Among  the  experienced  mariners  on  the  ships  which 
brought  the  colonists,  were  Robert  Tyndall,  Francis 
Nelson  and  Matthew  Fytch  (Fitch). 

Robert  Tyndall  (Tindall)  is  alluded  to  by  Birch  in  his 
life  of  Prince  Henry,  in  these  words  "  Mr.  Robert  Tindall 
the  Princes'  Gunner  being  employed  by  the  Virginia 
Company,  established  in  1606,  by  his  Majesty's  letters 
patent  in  a  voyage  to  the  country  in  a  fleet  commanded 
by  Captain  Christopher  Newport "  arrived  in  Virginia  in 
May,  1607,  and  "  thought  it  his  duty  to  send  to  his 
Highness,  a  journal  of  that  voyage,^  and  a  draught  of 
James  River,  with  a  letter  dated  at  James  Town,  the  22 
of  June,  1607." 

Francis  Nelson,  called  by  Smith  "  an  honest  man  and 
expert  mariner  "  returned  to  Virginia,  Captain  of  the 
"  Phoenix,"  and  the  next  year  was  Master  of  the  "  Falcon  " 
of  the  Gates  fleet.  In  the  same  fleet,  Matthew  Fitch  was 
Master  of  a  ''  Catch." 

Passengers  of  the  "  John  and  Francis." 

In  the  "  John  and  Francis,"  Captain  Newport  arrived 
the  second  time,  in  January,  1607-8,  in  Virginia. 

Michael  Scrivener  was  the  person  of  most  importance 
among  the  passengers,  having  subscribed  £100  as  an 
adventurer  of  the  Company,  and  was  appointed  by  them 

>  Hotteri. 

■■'  May  not  the  Journal  of  Newport  Discoveries  published  for  the 
first  time  A.  D,  1860,  in  Vol.  IV.  Coll.  of  American  Antiquarian 
Society,  pp.  40-65,  have  been  written  by  Tindall  ? 


22  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

to  be  of  the  Council  in  Virginia.  In  Smith's  True  Travels 
he  is  mentioned  as  "  a  very  wise  understanding  gentle- 
man." 

Thomas  Savage  came  in  this  vessel  and  was  then  a 
boy.  He  was  given  unto  Powhatan  as  a  hostage  for 
Namontack,  a  young  Indian,  who  Captain  Newport  took 
with  him  to  England.  Eventually  he  settled  upon  the 
eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  at  a  point  still  known 
as  Savage's  Neck,  and  was  considered  a  valuable  interpre- 
ter. John  Pory  mentions  that  he  served  the  public  without 
recompense,  and  in  the  discharge  of  duty  an  Indian  arrow 
was  shot  through  his  body.  He  was  married  to  Ann  or 
Hannah  whose  family  name  is  not  given, ^  but  in  the 
muster  of  January,  1624-5,  she  is  mentioned  as  coming 
over  in  1621,  in  the  ship  "  Sea  Flower."  He  died  before 
1627,  and  his  only  son  John,  was  born  in  1624,  and  was 
a  Magistrate  of  the  Colony,  and  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Burgesses. 

Passengers  of  "  Mary  Margaret." 

In   September,    1608,    Captain    Newport,   in    the  ship 
"  Mary  Margaret "  arrived  for  the  third  time  in  Virginia, 


^  Thomas  Savage  died  before  his  wife.  In  the  Virginia  Land 
Records  at  Richmond,  Book  No.  1,  p.  59,  "  Hannah  Savadge  widow 
of  Thomas  Savadge,  gent "  has  50  acres  "  on  the  Eastern  shoare 
within  the  p'cinct  of  the  plantacon  of  Accomaoke  on  the  considera- 
tion of  the  annual  payment  of  foure  shillings  at  the  feast  of  S't. 
Michael  the  Archangel,  Nov.  27,  1627."  The  widow  became  the 
wife  of  Daniel  Cugley,  who  in  the  ship  "  London  Merchant "  in  1620, 
came  to  Virginia,  and  in  1627,  was  about  thirty-five  years  of 
age. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  23 

bringing  with  him  as  members  of  the  Council,  Captain 
Peter  Winne  and  Captain  Richard  Waldo,  "ancient 
soldiers  and  valiant  gentlemen." 

By  this  ship  Captain  John  Smith  mentions  that  Scriv- 
ener "  received  letters  from  England  to  make  himself, 
either  Caesar,  or  nothing." 

Among  the  passengers  living  January,  1624-5,  were 
Anne  Burras  (Burroughs),  a  maid  who  came  over  with 
the  wife  of  Thomas  Forrest,  and  married  John  Laydon  ; 
David  Ellis  at  James  Town,  who  had  married  an  immi- 
grant named  Margaret ;  Richard  Taylor  at  Charles  City 
who,  in  1608,  was  thirty-four  years  of  age.  He  married 
one  of  the  maidens  named  Dorothy,  who  at  the  age  of 
seventeen  in  May,  1620,  had  arrived  in  the  "  London 
Merchant." 

Captain  Francis  Nelson  who  left  England  in  charge  of 
the  ship  "  Phoenix,"  at  the  same  time  as  Captain  Newport, 
was  separated  by  a  storm,  and  did  not  reach  James  Town 
until  the  spring  of  1608.  Of  the  passengers  that  came 
with  him  but  one  was  living,  in  January,  1624-5,  named 
Nathaniel  Causey.  He  married  a  maiden  whose  christian 
name  was  Thomasine,  who  came  out  in  1609,  in  the 
"  Lion"  one  of  the  fleet  of  Sir  Thomas  Gates.  His  resi- 
dence was  at  Jordan's  Journey,  of  the  Charles  City  dis- 
trict, and  he  had  a  patent  for  two  hundred  acres. 


CHAPTER  III. 

VIRGINIA  AFFAIRS  IN  ENGLAND,  A.D.  1607-1608. 

Letter  of  Newport.  First  report  of  Council  ix  Virginia. 
Reasons  for  a  public  stock.  Notice  of  the  King's  Council 
for  Virginia  in  England.     Early  publication. 

FTER  a  speedy  voyage  of  thirty-seven  days, 
Captain  Newport  anchored  on  the  29th  of  July, 
1607,  in  Plymouth  Sound,  and  immediately 
wrote  to  Lord  Salisbury. 

Right  Ho^'^- 

My  verie  good  Lo.  my  duty  in  most  humble  wise  re- 
membered, it  may  please  y"""  good  L^^  I  arrived  here  in 
the  Sound  of  Plimouth,  this  dale,  from  the  discourie  of 
that  parte  of  Virginia,  imposed  uppon  me,  and  the  rest 
of  the  Colonie  for  the  South  parte,  in  w*^*"  wee  haue  per- 
formed o""  duties  to  the  uttermost  of  o""  powers.  And  haue 
discoueried  into  the  country  near  two  hundred  miles,  and 
a  River  nauigable  for  great  Shippes  one  hundred  and  fifty 
miles.  The  contrie  is  excellent  and  very  rich  in  gold 
and  copper,  of  the  gould  we  haue  brought  a  Say  and  hope 
to  be  w*^  y""  Lo'pp  shortlie,  to  show  it  his  Ma*^  and  the 
rest  of  the  Lords.     I  will  not  deliuer  the  expectaunce  and 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  25 

assurance  we  haue  of  great  wealth,  but  will  leaue  it 
yOT  Lqp'8  censure  when  you  see  the  probabilities.  I  wish 
I  might  haue  come  in  person  to  haue  brought  this  glad 
tidings,  but  my  inability  of  body,  and  the  not  having  any 
man  to  putt  in  trust  with  the  shippe,  and  that  in  her, 
maketh  me  to  deferre  my  coming  'till  wind  and  weather 
be  fauourable.  And  so  I  most  humbly  take  my  leaue. 
From  Plimouth,  this  29th  of  Julie,  1607. 

Your  LP'*  most  humbly  bounden, 

Christopher  Newporte. 

He  brought  with   him  the  first  official  report  of  the 
Council  in  Virginia  to  the  Council  of  Virginia  in  England. 


First  Report  of  Council  in  Virginia. 

Wee  acknowledge  ourselues  accomptable  for  o""  time 
here  spente,  were  it  but  to  giue  you  satisfaccon  of  o*"  indus- 
tries and  aflfeccons  to  this  moste  Ho^'^  accon,  and  the 
better  to  quicken  those  good  spirrits  w^^  haue  alreadie 
bestowed  themselues  heere,  and  to  put  life  into  such  dead 
understandings  or  beleefs  that  must  first  see  and  feele  the 
wombe  of  o''  labour,  and  this  land  before  they  will  enter- 
taine  anie  good  hope  of  vs  or  of  the  land. 

W*'^  in  less  then  seauen  weekes,  wee  are  fortified  well 
against  the  Indians,  we  haue  sowen  good  store  of  wheate, 
wee  haue  sent  you  a  taste  of  Clappboord,  wee  haue  built 
some  houses,  wee  haue  spared  some  hands  to  a  discouerie, 
and  still  as  God  shall  enhable  us  w^'*  strength  we  will 
better  and  better  our  proceedings. 
4 


26  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Our  easiest  and  richest  commodity  being  Sassafrax 
rootes  were  gathered  upp  by  the  Sailors  w*^  losse  and 
spoile  of  manie  of  our  tools/  and  w*^  drawing  of  o"^  men 
from  our  labour,  to  these  vses  again ste  our  knowledge  to 
our  preiudice,  wee  earnestly  entreat  you  (and  doe  truste) 
that  you  take  such  order  as  wee  be  not  in  this  thus 
defrauded,  since  they  be  all  our  waged  men,  yet  doe  wee 
wishe  that  they  be  reasonable  dealt  w*^  all,  so  as  all  the 
losse,  neither  fall  on  vs,  nor  them.  I  beleeue  they  haue 
thereof  two  tonnes  at  the  leaste  w^'^  if  they  scatter  abroad 
at  their  pleasure,  will  pull  down  our  price  for  a  long  time, 
this  wee  leaue  to  your  wisdomes.  The  land  would  fflowe 
w**^  milke  and  honey  if  so  seconded  by  y"""  carefuU 
wisedomes,  and  bountifull  hands,  wee  doe  not  persuade 
to  that  one  Assume  to  seeke  another,  but  to  finde  them 
both.  And  wee  doubt  not  but  to  send  them  home  w**^ 
goulden  heads,  at  leaste  our  desires,  laboures,  and  lives 
shall  to  that  engage  themselves. 

Wee  are  settdowne  80  miles  w^"^  in  a  River,  for  breadth, 
sweetness  of  water,  length  navigable  upp  into  the  country, 
deepe  and  bold  channell  so  stored  w*^*^  Sturgion  and  other 
sweet  Fishe  as  no  mans  fortune  hath  ever  possessed  the 
like.  And  as  wee  thincke  if  more  sway  be  wished  in  a 
River  it  will  be  founde.  The  soile  is  most  fruittefuU 
laden  w^^  good  Oake,  Ashe,  Wallnut  tree,  Popler,  Pine, 
sweet  woodes.  Cedar,  and  others  yett  w*^  out  names  that 
yeald  gumes  pleasant  as  Frankumcense,  and  experienced 
amongest  vs  for  greate  vertewe  in  healing  greene  woundes 
and  aches,  wee  entreat  your  succours  for  o'  seconds  w^^  all 


^  Were  the  Sassafrass  roots  the  alleged  gold-dirl  of  John  Smith  ? 


VIRGINIA    VJETUSTA.  27 

expedition  least  that  all  devouringe  Spaniard  lay  his 
ravenous  hands  uppon  these  gold  showing  mountains, 
w*^^  if  it  be  so  enhabled  he  shall  neuer  dare  to  thinck  one. 

This  noate  doth  make  known  where  o""  necessities  do 
moste  strik  vs,  we  beseech  y""  present  releiffe  accordinglie 
otherwise  to  o""  greatest  and  last  griefes,  wee  shall  against 
our  willes,  not  will  that  w^^  wee  most  willingly  would. 

Captain  Newport  hath  seene  all  and  knoweth  all,  he 
can  fully  satisfie  your  further  expectations,  and  ease  you 
of  untedious  letters,  wee  most  humbly  prai^  the  heauenly 
King's  hand  to  bless  o'  labours,  w'^  such  consuiles  and 
helpes  as  we  may  further  and  stronger  proceede  in  this 
King's  and  countries  service. 

Jamestowne  in  Virginia,  this  22th  of  June,  A°°  1607. 

Your  poore  Friends, 

Edward  Maria  Wingfield,     Bartholomew  Gosnold, 
John  Smith,  John  Ratcliffe, 

John  Martine,  George  Kendall. 

After  remaining  a  few  months  in  England,  Newport 
sailed  again,  in  company  with  another  ship  under  Captain 
Nelson  and  arrived  in  the  evening  of  the  8th  of  January, 
1607-8,  at  Jamestown,  with  supplies  and  passengers.  It 
had  become  evident  from  his  report  while  in  England, 
that  if  a  successful  colony  was  planted,  it  must  be  looked 
upon  as  a  public  enterprise,  and  not  as  the  movement  of 
a  few  noblemen  and  merchants  for  personal  gain. 

About  the  time  that  Newport  was  entering  Chesapeake 
Bay  upon  second  voyage  to  Virginia,  on  the  5th  of  January, 


28  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

1607-8,  the  following  paper  to  move  Parliament  to  raise 
a  stock  for  the  maintaining  of  a  Colony  in  Virginia  was 
prepared.  It  is  an  able  document,  and  worthy  of  pre- 
servation. It  has  been  copied  from  the  original  among 
the  Lansdowne  MSS.  in  the  British  Museum.  The 
signature  is  T.  and  a  surname  hard  to  read,  perhaps  Elles- 
mere,  then  Lord  Chancellor,  and  a  member  of  the  Privy 
Council. 


Reasons  or  Motives  for  the  raising  of  a  puhlique  stock  to 
he  employed  for  the  peopling  and  discovering  of  such 
Countries  as  may  he  found  most  convenient  for  the  supply 
of  those  defects  which  this  Realme  of  England  most 
requireth. 

1.  All  Kingdoms  are  maintained  by  rentes  or  traffique, 
but  especially  by  the  latter  which  in  maritime  places 
most  florisheth  by  means  of  Navigation. 

2.  The  Realme  of  England  is  an  Islande  impossible  to 
be  otherwise  fortifyed  than  by  strong  shipps  and  able 
mariners,  and  is  secluded  from  all  comers,  with  those  of 
the  maine  continent,  therefore  fit  abundance  of  vessels  be 
prepared  to  export  and  import  merchandize. 

3.  The  furniture  of  shipping  consists  in  Masts,  cordage, 
pich,  tar,  Rossen,  ye  of  which  England  is  by  nature 
unprovided,  and  at  this  point  enjoyeth  them  only  by  the 
favor  of  forraigne  patents. 

4.  The  life  of  shipping  resteth  in  number  of  able 
mariners,  and  of  worthy  chieftaines  which  cannot  be 
mantained  without  assurance  of  rewarde,  of  honourable 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  29 

meanes  to  be  employed  and    sufficient   second    of   their 
adventures. 

5.  Private  purses  are  cowld  compfortes  to  adventurers, 
and  have  ever  been  founde  fatall  to  all  enterp rices  hitherto 
undertaken  by  the  English,  by  reason  of  delaies,  jelocies, 
and  unwillingness  to  backe  that  project  which  succeeds 
not  at  the  first  attempt. 

6.  The  example  of  HoUinders  is  verie  pregnant,  by  a 
maine  backe  or  stocke,  have  affected  marvously,  matters 
in  traffique  and  navigacon  in  five  years. 

7.  It  is  honorable  for  a  State  rather  to  backe  an  exploite 
by  publique  consent,  than  by  a  private  monoply. 

8.  Where  Gollonies  are  founded  for  a  publique  well 
may  continewe  in  better  obedience,  and  become  more 
industrious,  then  where  private  men  are  absolute  signers 
of  a  voiage,  forasmuch  as  better  men  of  havier  and 
qualitie  will  engage  themselves  in  a  publique  service 
which  carieth  more  reputacon  with  it,  than  a  private, 
which  is  for  the  most  part  ignominious  in  the  end,  as 
being  presumed  to  ayme  at  a  lucre,  and  is  subject  to 
emulacon,  fraude  and  envie,  and  when  it  is  at  the 
greatest  hight  of  fortune  can  hardly  be  tolerated  by  reason 
of  the  jelosie  of  State. 

9.  The  manifest  decaye  of  shipping  and  mariners,  and 
of  manie  Borow  and  Porte  townes  hauens  cannot  be 
released  by  private  increase,  nor  amended  otherwise  than 
by  a  voluntary  consent  of  manie  purees  of  the  well  [weal  ?] 
publique. 

10.  It  is  publicly  knowne  that  traffique  with  our 
neighbor   Countries   begins  to   be  of  small  request,   the 


30  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

gaine  seldom  answering  the  merchantes  adventure,  and 
forraigne  States  either  are  already,  or  at  this  present 
are  preparing  to  enrich  themselves  with  woole  and  cloth 
of  their  owne,  which  heretofore  they  borrowed  of  us  which 
purpose  of  theirs  being  achieved  in  Fraunce,  and  it  hath 
been  already  in  Spaigne  and  Italy,  therefore  we  must  of 
necessity  we  must  foregoe  our  great  showing  if  wee  doo 
not  wish  [to]  prepare  a  place  fit  for  the  vent  of  our  wares, 
and  so  fit  our  mariners  on  worke  who  dayly  run  to  serve 
foraigne  nacons  for  wante  of  employment,  and  cannot  be 
restrained  by  anie  lawe,  when  necessatie  enforseth  them 
to  serve,  and  hire  of  a  stranger,  rather  than  to  serve  at 
home. 

11.  That  Realme  is  most  compleet  and  wealthie  which 
either  hath  sufficient  to  serve  itselfe  or  can  finde  the 
meanes  to  exporte  of  the  naturall  comodity  when  it  hath 
occasion  necessarily  to  importe,  consequently  it  must  in- 
force  that  by  a  publique  consent,  a  CoUony  transported  into 
a  good  and  plentiful  climate  able  to  furnish  our  wants,  our 
meines,  and  wares  that  nowe  run  into  the  handes  of  our 
adversaries,  or  cowld  [cold  ?]  frendse,  shall  pass  unto  our 
frendse  and  natural  kinsmen,  and  from  them  likewise  we 
shall  receive  such  things  as  shall  be  most  available  to  our 
necessaties,  rich  intercourse  of  trade  may  rather  be  called 
a  home  bread  trafique  than  a  forraigne  exchange. 

12.  Forraigne  nacons  yearly  attempt  discoveries  in 
strange  coasts  moved  thereto  by  the  jelosie  of  State  which 
eflfecteth  that  gaine,  most  which  is  gotten  either  without 
anie  trick  of  their  neighbours  or  at  least  by  smallest 
advantage  that  may  turne  unto  them  by  their  traffiqe. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  31 

13.  Experience  teacheth  us  that  it  is  dangerous  to  our 
State  to  enterprise  a  discovery,  and  not  to  proceed  therein, 
even  to  the  verie  sifting,  it  to  the  uttermost,  for  not  only 
disreputacon  groweth  thereby,  disability,  and  power  weake 
to  proceed  or  bowraiing  our  owne  Idelness,  and  want 
of  Counsell  to  manage  our  enterprise,  as  if,  the  glorious 
State  of  ours  rather  brocked  by  the  vertue  of  our 
ancestors,  than  of  our  owne  worthines. 

14.  The  want  of  our  fresh  and  present  supplie  of  our 
discoveries  hath  in  manner  broken  away  the  title  which 
the  Lawe  of  nacons  giveth  us,  unto  the  coast  first  found 
out  by  our  Industrie,  forasmuch  as  whatsoever  a  man  re- 
linquisheth  may  be  claymed  by  the  next  finder,  as  his 
just  property,  neither  is  it  sufficient  to  set  foot  in  a 
Countrie,  but  to  possess  and  hould  it,  in  defence  of  an  in- 
vading force  (for  want  whereof)  the  king  of  Denmark 
intendeth  into  the  north-west  passage  (as  it  is  reported) 
and  it  is  also  reported  that  the  french  intends  to  inhabit 
Virginia  which  they  may  easily  achieve,  if  their  second 
prove  strong,  and  ours  languishe  for  want  of  sufficient  and 
tymely  supplie  which  cannot  be  had  but  by  the  meanes  of 
multitude  contributory. 


The  circumstances  necessarily  to  hacke  a   Gollony,  sent  out 

are  these. 

1.  A  reputacon  and  opinion  of  the  interprice. 

2.  A  compotent  some  of  monie  raised  aforehande  to 
supplie  all  accidentes  that  distrust ;  hereby  maye  be 
wrought  in  forraigne   States  to  attempt  anie   thing  that 


32  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

in  prejudice  of  our  Collonies  because  they  may  be  well 
assured  that  where  there  is  not  a  publique  purse,  and 
comon  consent  to  proseceut  an  accion,  it  is  but  botlesse 
to  hope  of  advantage  to  be  gotten  without  revenge. 

3.  As  fewe  are  most  apt  to  make  a  Conquest  so  are 
publique  we  ales  fitter  to  hould  what  is  gotten,  and  skil- 
fuller  by  industrie  to  enrich  it. 

4.  It  is  probable  that  if  the  whole  State  be  engaged  in 
these  adventures  it  will  be  no  harde  matter  when  aparant 
grownde  of  profit  is  laid,  to  persuade  every  County 
according  to  the  proportion  of  bigness  and  abilitie  to 
builde  barkes  and  shippes  of  a  compotent  size  and  to 
maintaine  them,  when  gentlemans'  youngest  sons,  and 
other  men  of  qualitie  maye  be  imployed. 

5.  Also  it  imported  much  that  no  man  be  suffered  to 
venture  more  than  he  may  be  deamed  able  to  spare  out 
of  liis  owne  suplluity,  or  if  he  go  in  person,  he  would 
idely  spend  at  home ;  lest  such  men  entering  into  a  rage 
of  repentance,  and  thereby  discourage  others,  and  scan- 
dilize  the  enterprize. 

The  monie  to  be  raised  to  the  use  and  purposes  afore- 
said. 

1.  Ought  not  to  be  levied  of  those  things  which  may 
hinder  the  coihen  wealth  to  enjoye  the  necessaries  of 
victualle  and  apparell,  but  shall  rather  advance  them  to 
the  needy. 

2.  It  shall  not  be  raised  without  moderacon  and  ease 
to  the  payer,  neither  shall  anie  thinge  be  demanded  from 
anie  man  without  presente  aparance  of  gaine  and  hope  of 
further  profit. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  33 

3.  It  shall  not  be  raised  upon  the  sweat  of  the  poore, 
or  Industrie  of  the  husbandman,  artificer,  or  tradesman. 

4.  It  is  not  so  to  be  levied  to  a  private  intent. 
But  it  is  to  be  raised 

1.  Upon  the  emoderate  gaines  of  those  that  contrary  to 
lawe  abuse  the  poore,  but  in  such  sorte  that  the  payer 
shall  for  every  ijd  paid  gaine  iijd. 

2.  That  they  upon  whome  the  maine  chardge  of  pay- 
ment shall  lye  maye  [be]  greater  gainers  than  the  mer- 
chant adventurer. 

3.  That  the  whole  State  shall  be  interested  in  the 
benefit  of  it. 

4.  That  the  superflous  waste  maye  be  avoyded  of 
which  the  poore  most  want. 

5.  The  merchandise  increasing  thereby  :  the  Realme 
shall  be  enriched  yearly  manie  thowsande  poundes,  and 
the  King's  imposts  and  customes  increased. 

6.  That  at  the  least  CC  [two  hundred]  thowsande 
poundes  yearly  maybe  saved  in  the  Realme  which  nowe 
is  consumed,  to  the  displeasure  of  God,  and  hurte  of  the 
people. 

Also  it  is  reason  that  the  Kinsr's  Ma"^  have  as  well, 
parte  of  the  monie  so  raised  either  to  adventure  or  other- 
wise dispose  at  his  Highness  good  pleasure. 

1.  In  respect,  of  his  roiall  assent  to  be  given  to  an  Act 
of  Parliament  enabling  Coramissionors  to  gather  the  monies 
aforesaid. 

2.  Priviledges  and  lysence  to  transport  a  Collonie,  or 
Collonies,  are  to  be  obtained  at  the  King's  handes,  neither 

5 


34  VlUGINIA    VETUSTA. 

is    it   reason  that   his    Highness'   prerogative    should   be 
valued  at  nothinge. 

3.  That  the  Kings  Ma^'^  will  be  engaged  in  honor  the 
rather  to  assist  and  protect  the  project. 

4.  It  would  savier  too  much  of  affectation  of  a  popular 
State  to  levie  without  imparting  some  convenient  porcon 
to  his  Ma"" 

5.  That  porcon  ought  not  to  be  so  small  that  it  should 
seame  to  undervalue  the  King's  greatnes  and  favo'* 

5  Januariij  1607  [0.  S.]. 

A  Tbue  Relation  of  Virginia. 

On  the  13th  of  August,  1608,  John  Tappe,  printer,  and 
William  Welby,  bookseller  at  the  sign  of  the  Grey  Hound 
in  Paul's  church  yard,  entered  at  Stationers'  Hall,  a  book 
called  ''  A  True  Relation  of  Suche  Occurrences  and 
Accidentes  of  Note  as  Have  Happened  in  Virginia  Synce 
the  First  Planting  of  the  Colonye,  Which  is  nowe  Resi- 
dent in  the  South  Parte  of  Virginia,  till  Master  Nelson's 
Comminge  Away  from  Thence." 

It  was  published  with  the  title  slightly  changed.  In 
the  place  of  Master  Nelsons  comminge  away"  were  inserted 
the  words  ''  la^te  returne. 

The  earlier  copies  have  on  the  title  page  "  written  by 
Thomas  Watson  Gent,  one  of  the  CoUony."  Some  copies 
written  simply  "  By  a  Gentleman,"  other  copies  ''  By 
Captaine  Smith  Coronell  of  the  said  CoUony."^ 

^  Mr.  Charles  Deane  in  the  preface  to  "  A  True  Relation  of 
Virginia,"  published  in  1876,  by  Wiggin  and  Leet,  Boston,  has 
given  a  full  account  of  the  variations  in  the  title. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

TRANSACTIONS  OF  THE  COMPANY  IN  ENGLAND,  A.  D.  1608-1609. 
Public   collections.     Crakanthorpe's  Sermon.     Discourse   of 

Symonds   at   White    Chapel.     A   Good  Speed   to    Virginia. 

Second  Charter.     King's  Councillors  for  Virginia.     Sermon 

of  Daxiel  Price.     Publication  of  Nova  Britannia.     Gates 

and  somers  expedition. 

OWARD  the  close  of  the  year  1608,  Captain 
Newport  returned  from  his  third  voyage  to 
Virginia,  and  the  Company  felt  the  necessity  of 
enlisting  the  sympathy  of  the  King,  noblemen, 
statesmen,  and  prominent  merchants  of  London.  It  was 
determined  after  careful  deliberation,  to  send  out,  more 
ships  with  better  supplies,  and  a  larger  number  of  Colonists, 
and  Lord  Delaware  was  elected  Governor  and  Captain 
General.  Books  were  printed  and  sermons  preached  at 
Paul's  Cross,  and  other  points,  where  a  crowd  would  listen, 
calling  the  attention  of  the  poorer  people  to  the  proposed 
expedition.  The  Council  recommended  that  the  cor- 
poration of  London,  the  several  wards,  and  livery  Com- 
panies of  the  City  should  subscribe  to  the  fund  for  fitting 
out  a  new  expedition.  The  Iron  Mongers  advanced  £150, 
and  the  Merchant  Tailors  near  £600,  and  these  with  the 


36  VIRGINIA    VETU8TA. 

contributions  of  the  different  wards  of  the  city  amounted 
to  £18.000  contributed  for  the  support  of  the  Colony.^ 

On  the  24th  of  March,  1608-9,  0.  S.,  the  anniversary  of 
the  accession  of  King  James,  Richard  Crakanthorpe,  a 
fellow  of  Queen's  College  Oxford,  and  an  able  theologian 
of  Puritan  tendencies,  preached  a  sermon  in  the  open  air, 
at  Paul's  Cross  and  in  these  words  alluded  to  the  new 
expedition  for  Virginia  :  "  Let  the  honourable  expedition 
now  intended  for  Virginia  be  a  witness,  enterprised,  I  say 
not,  auspiciis,  but  by  the  most  wise  and  religious  direction 
and  protection  of  our  chiefest  pilot  [the  King],  seconded 
by  so  many  honourable  and  worthy  personages  in  the 
State  and  Kingdom,  that  it  may  justly  give  encourage- 
ment with  alacrity  and  cheerfulness  for  some,  to  under- 
take ;  for  others,  to  favour  so  noble,  and  so  religious  an 
attempt  I  may  not  stay,  in  this  straightness  of  time,  to 
mention,  much  less  to  set  forth  unto  you,  the  great  and 
manifold  benefits  which  may  redound  to  this  our  so 
populous  a  nation,  by  planting  an  English  Colony  in  a 
territory  as  large  and  spacious  almost  as  is  England,  and 
in  a  soil  so  rich,  fertile,  and  fruitful  as  that ;  besides  the 
sufficiency  it  naturally  yields  for  itself,  may  with  best 
convenience  supply  some  of  the  greatest  wants  and  neces- 
sities of  these  Kingdoms.  But  this  happiness  which  I 
mention,  is  a  happy  and  glorious  work  indeed  of  planting 
among  those  poor  and  savage,  and  to  be  pitied  Virginians, 
not  only  humanity  instead  of  brutish  incivility,  but 
religion  also     *     *     *     This   being  the  honourable  and 


^  London     "  Rememhrancia  y"    Herbert's    Livery     Companies ; 
Hist,  of  Virginia  Company^  p.  25. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  37 

religious  intendment  of  this  enterprise,  what  glory ! 
What  honour  to  our  Sovereign  !  What  comfort  to  those 
subjects  who  shall  be  means  of  furthering  of  so  happy  a 
work,  not  only  to  see  a  New  Britain  in  another  world, 
but  to  have  also  those  as  yet  heathen  barbarians  and 
brutish  people,  together  with  our  English,  to  learn  the 
speech  and  language  of  Canaan."  Hakluyt,  a  few  weeks 
later  furnished  for  the  Company  a  translation,  called 
"  Virginia  richly  valued,"  etc.,  which  was  published.^ 

As  now,  three  hundred  years  ago  a  part  of  Aldgate, 
London,  was  an  unsavory  and  poverty  stricken  district. 
Stow  in  his  "  Survay  of  London,"  printed  A.  D.  1603, 
writes  of  what  was  then,  the  suburb  without  Aldgate  : 
"Both  sides  of  the  streete  be  pestered  with  cottages 
and  allies  even  up  to  White  Chappel  church ;  and 
almost  half  a  mile  beyond  it  into  the  common  field,  all 
which  ought  to  be  open  and  free  for  all  men.  But  this 
common  field,  I  say,  being  sometime  the  beauty  of  this 
City  in  that  part,  is  so  incroached  upon  by  building  of 
filthy  cottages,  and  with  other  purprestors^,  inclosures  and 
iay-stelles^,  (that  notwithstanding  all  Proclairaation  and 
Acts  of  Parliament  made  to  the  contrary),  that  in  some 
places  it  scarce  remaineth   a   sufficient  high  way  for  the 


^  Ilistorij  of  Yirginia  Company  of  London^  p.  26. 

'  Pourpresture,  is  properly  "  when  a  man  taketh  unto  himself,  or 
incroacheth  anything  that  he  ought  not,  whether  it  be  in  any  juris- 
diction, land  or  franchise." —  Goioel. 

^  "  If  he  will  live  abroad,  with  his  companions, 
In  dung  and  ley  stalls,  it  is  worth  a  feare." 

— B.  Jouson  Every  Mem  in  his  Humour,  Act  II,  Se.  5. 

91557 


38  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

meeting  of  carriages,  and  droues  of  cattell,  much  lesse  is 
there  any  faire,  pleasant  or  wholesome  way  for  people  to 
walk  on  foot ;  which  is  no  small  blemish,  to  so  famous  a 
city,  to  have  so  unsauery  and  unseemly  an  entry  or 
passage  thereto."  In  this  district  was  the  church  of 
Saint  Mary  Matfellon,  which  had  been  in  existence  since 
the  days  of  Richard  the  Second,  and  commonly  called 
White  Chapel.  Here,  on  the  25th  of  April,  1609,  Dr. 
William  Symonds,  the  preacher  at  Saint  Saviours^  in 
Southwark,  immediately  beyond  London  Bridge,  preached 
a  sermon^  before  the  "  most  noble  and  worthy  advancers 
of  the  standard  of  Christ  among  the  Gentiles,  the  adven- 
turers for  the  plantation  of  Virginia." 

The  sermon   was  entered  on  May  8th,    at   Stationers' 
Hall  and  soon  was  published  with  the  following  title  : 


^  This  Church  is  still  standing,  a  fine  specimen  of  early  English 
architectui-e.  Hare  writes  in  his  "  Walks  in  London  "  "  The  Choir 
retains  its  beautiful  altar  screen  erected  by  Fox,  Bishop  of  Win- 
chester, in  1528,  and  adorned  with  his  device,  the  pelican." 

In  the  tower  are  bells  more  than  four  hundred  years  old.  Hare 
mentions  that  the  word  Matfellon,  is  of  Syriac  derivation. 

*  Extracts  from  this  sermon  are  given,  in  Neill's  English  Col- 
onizatioyi  of  Annerica,  Strahan  &  Co.,  London,  1871,  pp.  29-31. 


VIRGINIA. 


A 

SERMON 
PREACHED  AT 

Whit  e-C  happel,    in    the 

prefence    of    many,     Honourable    and 
Worftiipfull,  the  Adventurers  and  Plan- 
ters for  Virginia. 
25  April,  1609. 

PVBLISHED  FOR  THE  BENEFIT 

And  Vse  Of  The  Colony,  Planted, 
and  to  bee  Planted  there,  and  for  the  Ad- 
uancement  of  their  Chris- 
tian Purpofe. 

By  William    Symonds,    Preacher  at    Saint 

Saviors  in  Southwicke. 


I   V    D   E.    22.    23. 

Haue  compairion  of  fome,  in  putting  of  difference  : 
And  other  fave  with  feare,  pulling  them  out  of  the  fire. 


LONDON: 

Printed  by  I.  Windet  for  Eleazar  Edgar,  and 
William  IVelby,  and  are  to  be  fold  in  Paules  Church- 
yard at  the  Signe  of  the  Windmill. 
1609. 


40  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

The  first  work  on  Virginia,  printed  in  A.  D.  1609,  was 
entered  May  3,  1609,  at  Stationers'  Hall,  by  Robert  Gray. 
It  has  an  "  Epistle  Dedicatorie  "  to  the  Lords,  Knights, 
Merchants  and  Gentlemen  adventurers  for  the  plantations 
of  Virginia,  which  is  subscribed  R.  G.  and  dated  "  From 
mine  house  at  the  north  end  of  Sithe's  Lane^  April  28, 
Ano.  1609."  It  is  a  black  letter  quarto  of  fifteen  leaves, 
with  this  title  : 


^  Sithe's  Lane,  contraction  of  Saint  Swithen  in  Cordwainer  Street 
Ward.  Old  Stow  in  1603,  writes  "  On  the  north  side  of  High 
street  in  Bridge  Row  by  the  east  end  of  St.  Anthonies  Church 
have  ye  S.  Sithe's  Lane,  so  called  of  S.  Sithe's  Church,  which 
standeth  against  the  north  end  of  that  lane." 


A 

GOOD  SPEED 

to  Virginia. 


EsAY    42.4. 

He  shall  not  faile  nor  be  difcouraged  till  he  have 
fet  judgement  in  the  earth,  and  the  lies  fliall 
wait  for  his  law. 


LONDON: 

Printed    by   Felix    Kyngston    for    JVilliam 

Welbie,  and  are  to  be  fold  at  his  fhop  at  the  figne 

of  the  Greyhound  in  Pauls  Church 

yard.      1609. 

6 


42  VIRGIJSriA    VETUSTA. 


The  Second  Charter. 

Preliminary  to  the  issue  of  a  Second  Charter  to  the 
London  Company,  the  following  order  was  given  on  the 
9th  of  May,  1609.  The  spelling  of  the  original  is  retained 
as  copied  from  the  Harleian  MS. 

"  After  our  hastie  commendacons,  whereas  divers 
honourable  personnages,  Knightes  and  others  have  under- 
taken to  settle  a  CoUonie  or  Plantation  in  Virginia  as 
well  for  the  Publishinge  of  a  Ch^rian  faith  among  those 
barbaraus  nations,  as  for  the  enlargement  of  his  Ma^'®*  do- 
minions, and  for  their  better  encouragement  in  so  honora- 
ble an  action  are  to  have  a  grant  Of  that  Countrie  by  his 
Majesties  letters  pattente  with  which  the  names  of  the 
principalle  Adventurers  are  particularly  to  be  inserted, 
forasmuch  as  it  is  not  unlikely  but  that  the  Lords 
Knights  and  Doctores  as  well  of  dignitie,  as  of  lawe  and 
Phisick  might  conceave  dislike  and  displeasure  if  they 
should  not  be  so  placed,  marshalled  as  there  severall 
worths  and  degrees  do  require.  We  have  thought  good  to 
let  you  know  that  our  desire  is  that  you  call  with  you  the 
Colledge  of  Herauldes,  or  so  many  of  them  as  you  shall 
thinke  fit,  and  by  their  advise  you  marshall  and  sett  in 
order  the  names  of  such  noble  men,  Knightes,  and  doctores, 
as  you  shall  receave  herewith  iu  there  due  places  and 
ranke  and  send  them  unto  us  fayre  written  on  paper, 
with  your  hande   and  names  subscribed,   with  as   much 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  43 

expedience  as  you  can,  and  these  shall  be  your  warrants  in 
that  behalfe,  from  the  Court  this  9th  of  May,  1609. 

Your  loving  friends, 

H.  Worcester.^ 

H.  Northampton.  2  The  Royai  Arms 

T.  Suffolk.^  was  here  ap- 

To  the  Golledge  of  Heraulds.  p^""^^'^- 

The    Second   Charter  for  the  first  Colony  in   Virginia, 
dated   May  23,   1609,   mentions  that  it  was  an  enlarge- 


^  Earl  of  Worcester,  was  Master  of  the  Horse,  and  in  1616, 
keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal.  Thomas  Somerset  his  second  son,  in 
1604,  made  Knight  of  the  Bath. 

'  Lord  Henry  Howard,  younger  brother  of  the  beheaded  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  on  March  13,  1607,  was  made  Earl  of  Northampton. 
His  house  begun  in  1603,  at  Charing  Cross  has  been  pulled  down 
within  a  few  years.  Its  architect  was  Inigo  Jones.  Northampton 
was  keeper  of  the  Privy  Seal,  and  in  1614,  Lord  Treasurer.  He 
bequeathed  his  elegant  house  to  his  nephew  Earl  of  Suffolk, 

^  Thomas  Howard  Baron  Waulden,  younger  son  of  Duke  of 
Norfolk,  in  1603,  was  made  Earl  of  Suffolk.  After  his  uncle's 
death,  he  lived  at  Charing  Cross  and  Northampton  House  was  known 
as  Suffolk  House.  In  1614,  he  was  made  Lord  Treasurer,  but  in 
time  he  was  accused  of  malfeasance.  Baker  mildly  writes  "  This 
Lord  though  of  a  most  noble  disposition,  yet  as  having  had  his 
training  up,  another  way,  seemed  less  ready  in  discharging  the 
place,  and  whether  for  this,  or  for  his  Lady's  taking  too  much  upon 
her,  by  his  indulgence,  the  Staff  was  soon  after  taken  from  him," 
He  died  in  1626.  His  grandchild  Elizabeth  married  Algernon 
Percy,  10th  Earl  of  Northumberland,  and  then  the  house  became 
known  as  Northumberland  House,  and  so  continued  until  it  was 
taken  down. 


44  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

ment  of  that  of  1606,  with  the  design  of  allowing  "such 
counsellors  and  other  officers  as  may  be  appointed 
amongst  them  to  manage  and  direct  their  affairs,  as  are 
willing  to  adventure  with  them,  as  also  whose  dwellings 
are  not  so  far  remote  from  the  City  of  London,  but  that 
they  may  at  convenient  times  be  ready  at  hand  to  give 
them  advice  and  assistance." 

The  Company  was  to  be  known  by  the  corporate  name 
of  The  Treasurer  and  Company  of  Adventurers  and  Planters 
of  the  City  of  London,  for  the  first  Colony  in  Virginia. 

Under  the  First  Charter,  they  were  allowed  to  begin 
their  Plantation  between  the  thirty-fourth  and  forty-first 
degree  of  north  latitude,  and  to  possess  all  the  region 
following  the  coast  fifty  miles  north,  and  fifty  miles  south 
of  the  Plantation  ;  with  all  the  islands  within  one  hundred 
miles,  and  into  the  main  land  they  were  allowed  one 
hundred  miles.  But  by  the  Second  Charter  they  were 
allowed  two  hundred  miles  north  and  two  hundred  miles 
south  of  Point  Comfort,  now  Fortress  Monroe. 

The  last  article  has  this  language  "  And  lastly  because 
the  principal  effect  which  we  can  desire  or  expect  of  this 
action  is  the  conversion  and  reduction  of  the  people  in 
those  parts  unto  the  true  worship  of  God  and  Christian 
Religion,  in  which  respect  we  should  be  loath  that  any 
person  should  be  permitted  to  pass,  that  we  suspected  to 
effect  the  superstitions  of  the  Church  of  Rome  :  We  do 
hereby  declare,  that  it  is  our  will  and  pleasure  that  none 
be  permitted  to  pass  in  any  voyage  from  time  to  time  to 
be  made  into  the  same  country  but  such  as  first,  shall  have 
taken  the  Oath  of  Supremacy." 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  45 

The  Charter  designated  Sir  Thomas  Smith  as  the  first 
Treasurer  or  Governor,  but  provided  that  in  the  event  of 
his  removal  or  death,  his  successor  should  be  elected  "  by 
the  voice  of  the  greater  part  of  such  Company."  It  also 
provided  that  the  Council  of  the  Company  should  elect  a 
Deputy  Treasurer  to  act  in  the  absence  or  in  the  sickness 
of  the  Treasurer. 


Discourse  of  Rev.  Daniel  Price,  A.  M. 

A  few  days  after  the  amended  Charter  was  signed 
another  discourse  was  delivered  on  Rogation  Sunday, 
the  28th  of  May,  at  Paul's  Cross  by  Daniel  Price, 
Chaplain  in  ordinary  to  Prince  Henry,  and  Master  of 
Arts  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.  The  text  was  Acts  9  ch., 
4  v.,  "  Saul,  Saul,  why  persecutest  thou  me." 

The  sermon  was  eloquent,  but  lacking  in  the  simplicity 
which  characterized  that  of  Symonds,  at  White  Chapel. 
Full  of  quotations  from  the  Greek  and  Latin  language, 
abounding  in  labored  and  quaint  antitheses,  it  was  better 
suited  for  the  hall  of  a  College,  than  a  street  sermon. 
The  listener  must  have  been  impressed  with  its  tart- 
ness, and  felt  that  the  preacher's  tongue  was  like  a  sharp 
sword.  It  was  not  at  all  a  gospel  of  light  and  sweetness. 
The  conclusion,  was  denunciatory  of  several  classes  of 
persons  especially  those  who  did  "  traduce  the  honourable 
Plantation  of  Virginia." 

"  If  there  be  any  that  have  opposed  any  action  intended 
to  the  glory  of  God,  and  saving  of  souls,  and  have  stayed 
the  happy  proceeding  in  any  such  motive,  let  him  know 
that  he  is  a  persecutor  and  an  adversary  of  Christ. 


46  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

"  In  which  Quoere  give  me  leave  to  examine  the  lying 
speeches  that  have  injuriously  vilified  and  traduced  a 
great  part  of  the  glory  of  God,  the  honour  of  our  Land, 
joy  of  our  Nation  and  expectation  of  many  wise,  and 
noble  Senators  of  this  kingdom,  I  mean  in  the  Plantation 
of  Virginia.  When  the  descry  of  the  Indians  was  offered 
to  that  learned  and  famous  Prince  Henry,  the  Seventh, 
some  idle,  dull  and  unworthy  sceptikes  moved  the  King 
not  to  entertain  the  motion.  We  know  our  loss,  by  the 
Spaniard's  gain,  but  now  the  souls  of  those  dreamers  do 
seem  by  a  Pithagoricall  transmigration  to  be  come  into 
some  of  those  scandalous,  and  slanderous  detractors  of 
that  most  noble  voyage. 

*'  Surely  if  the  prayers  of  all  good  Christians  prevail,  the 
expectation  of  the  wisest  and  noblest,  the  knowledge  of 
the  most  experimented,  and  learnedest,  the  relation  of  the 
best  traveled  and  observant  be  true,  it  is  like  to  be  the 
most  worthy  voyage  that  ever  was  effected,  by  any 
Christian  in  descrying  any  country  of  the  World,  both  for 
the  peace  of  the  entry,  for  the  plenty  of  the  country,  and 
for  the  climate.  Seeing  that  the  Country  is  not  unlike  to 
equalize  (though  not  India  for  gold,  which  is  not  impossi- 
ble yet),  Tyrus  for  colours,  Basan  for  woods,  Persia  for 
oils,  Arabia  for  spices,  Spain  for  silks,  Narsis  for  shipping, 
Netherliands  for  fish,  Bonoma  for  fruit,  and  by  tillage, 
Babjdon  for  corn,  besides  the  abundance  of  mulberries, 
minerals,  rubies,  pearls,  gems,  grapes,  deer,  fowl,  drugs  for 
physic,  herbs  for  food,  roots  for  colours,  ashes  for  soap, 
timber  for  building,  pastures  for  feeding,  rivers  for  fishing, 
and  whatsoever  commodity  England  wanteth.  The  phil- 
osopher commendeth  the  temperature ;  the  politician  the 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  47 

opportunity ;  the  divine,  the  piety  in  converting  so  many 
thousand  souls.  The  Virginian  desireth  it,  and  the 
Spaniard  envieth  us,  and  yet  our  own  lazy,  drowsy,  yet 
barking  countrymen  traduce  it,  who  should  honour  it,  if 
it  was  but  for  the  rememberance  of  that  Virgin  Queen  of 
eternal  memory,  who  was  first  Godmother  to  that  land 
and  nation.  As  also  that  Virgin  country  may  in  time 
prove  to  us,  the  farm  of  Britain,  as  Sicily  was  to  Rome, 
or  the  garden  of  the  World  as  was  Thessaly,  or  the  argosie 
of  the  World  as  is  Germany. 

'^  And  besides  the  future  expectation,  the  present  en- 
couragement is  exceeding  much,  in  that,  it  is  a  voyage 
countenanced  by  our  gracious  King,  consulted  on  by  the 
oracles  of  the  Council,  adventured  in  by  our  wisest  and 
greatest  Nobles,  and  undertaken  by  so  worthy,  so  honour- 
able and  religious  a  Lord,  and  furthered  not  only  by 
many  other  parties  of  this  Land,  both  clergy  and  laity,  but 
also,  by  the  willing  liberal  contribution  of  this  Honourable 
City,  and  as  that  thrice  worthy  Dean  of  Glocester^  not 
long  since  remembered  his  Majesty  and  Nobles,  that  it  is 
a  voyage  wherein  every  Christian  ought  to  set  to  his 
helping  hand,  seeing  the  Angel  of  Virginia  crieth  to  this 
Land,  as  the  Angel  of  Macedonia  did  to  Paul,  0 !  come 
and  help  us.  There  is  a  fearful  woe  denounced  against 
those  that  came  not  to  assist  Deborah.  Whosoever  they 
be  that  purposely  withstand  or  confront  this  most  Christian, 
most  honorable  voyage,  let  him  read  that,  and  fear. 
Hath  God  called  this  Land  Ad  summum  munus  Apostoli- 
cum,  to  that  great  work  of  apostleship,  that  whereas,  this 

^  Morton. 


48  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

was  one  of  the  first  parts  of  Christendom  that  received 
the  Gospel,  so  now,  it  is  the  first  part  that  ever  planted 
and  watered  the  Gospel  in  so  great,  fair,  fruitful  a  country, 
nor  shall  skeptical  humorists  be  a  means  to  keep  such  an 
honor  from  us,  such  a  blessing  from  them  ?  No,  my 
Beloved,  to  the  present  assurance  of  great  profit,  and  this 
future  profit,  that  whosoever  hath  a  hand  in  this  business, 
shall  receive  an  unspeakable  blessing,  for  they  that  turn 
many  to  righteousness  shall  shine  as  the  stars  for  ever  and 
ever.  You  will  make  Plutarch's  novri^ono^Lc,  Atheno- 
cus  ov^iivonoXic,,  a  savage  country  to  become  a  sanctified 
country ;  you  will  obtain  the  saving  of  their  souls,  you 
will  enlarge  the  bounds  of  this  Kingdom,  nay  the  bounds 
of  Heaven,  and  all  the  angels  that  behold  this  if  they 
rejoice  so  much  at  the  conversion  of  one  sinner,  0 !  what 
will  their  joy  be  at  the  conversion  of  so  many. 

"  Go  on  as  you  have  begun,  and  the  Lord  shall  be  with 
you ;  go,  and  possess  the  Land,  it  is  a  good  land,  a  land 
flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  God  shall  bless  you,  and 
those  ends  of  the  World  shall  honor  him. 

"  I  will  end  with  one  word  of  exhortation  to  this  City  ; 
many  excellent  things  are  spoken  of  this  as  sometimes,  of 
the  City  of  God.  Hither  the  Tribes  came,  even  the  Tribes 
of  the  Lord,  herein,  is  the  seat  of  judgment,  even  the  seat 
of  the  house  of  David.  Peace  be  within  thy  walls, 
plenteousness  within  thy  palaces. 

"  You  remember  how  manifold  infections  hence,  as  from 
a  fountain,  issued  out ;  all  the  tricks  of  deceiving,  the 
divers  lusts  of  filthy  living,  the  pride  of  attire,  the  cause 
of  oppression,  gluttony  in  eating,  surfeit  in  drinking,  and 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  49 

the  general  disease  of  the  fashions.  *  *  *  *  It 
should  be  Jerusalem  the  City  of  God,  and  it  is  become 
Murder's  slaughter-house,  Theft's  refuge.  Oppressor's  safety, 
Whoredom's  stewes,  Usury's  bank.  Vanity's  stage,  abound- 
ing in  all  kind  of  filth iness  and  profaneness.  0 !  re- 
member that  sins  have  been  the  pioneers  of  the  greatest 
cities,  and  have  not  left  one  stone  upon  another. 

My  Honourable  L.  Mayor,  I  need  not  to  remember  you 
in  this  behalf — The  last  Sabbath^  you  received  a  letter 
though  not  from  the  Cross,  yet  from  the  Crown  by  our 
Royal  Ecclesiastes,  practice  that  lesson  both  concerning 
the  infection  of  the  body,  and  the  infection  of  the  soul  of 
the  city."2 

The  sermon  was  published  with  the  following  title  : 


^  A  marginal  note  reads  "  His  Majesty's  speech  the  21st  of  May, 
to  the  Lord  Mayor  and  Aldermen  at  Greenwich." 

^  Daniel  Price,  the  son  of  Thomas,  Vicar  of  Shrewsbury,  was  born 
A.  D.  1578.  In  1594,  he  entered  college.  He  was  Rector  of  Wor- 
thy's near  Cans  Castle,  Shropshire.  In  1613  published  Sermons  on 
the  death  of  Prince  Henry.  In  1625  he  became  Dean  of  Hereford. 
In  1631  was  buried  in  the  chancel  of  the  church  of  Worthys.  His 
younger  brother  Sampson,  became  chaplain  to  James  First  and 
Charles  First,  and  Vicar  of  Christ  Church,  London. 


S A VLES 

PROHIBITION 

S  T  A  I  D  E  : 

OR 

THE  APPREHENSI- 
ON, AND  EXAMINATION 
OF  SAVLE. 

And  to  the  Inditement  of  all  that  per- 
secute     Christ     with     a     reproofe 
of  those  that  traduce  the  Honoura- 
ble Plantation  of 
Virginia. 

Preached  in  a  Sermon   Commanded  at 
Paule  Crosse,  vpon  Rogation  Sunday,  be- 
ing the  28th  of  May, 
1609. 


By    Daniel    Price,    Chaplaine    in    ordinarie 

to  the  Prince,  and  Master  of  Artes 

of  Exeter  Colledge  in 

Oxford. 


LONDON 

Printed  for  Matthew  Law,  and  are  to  be  sold  in  Pauls 

Church  yard,  neere  unto  Saint  Austines  Gate  at  the 

Signe  of  the  Foxe.     1609. 


After  the  Charter  of   1609,    was  granted,  a  book 
was  issued  with  this  title  : 

Nova  Britannia. 

OFFRING    MOST 

Excellent  fruites  by  Planting  in 
Virginia. 

Exciting  all  fuch  as  be  well  affedied 
to  further  the  fame. 


London 

Printed  forSAMVEL    Macham,   and  are  to  be  fold  at 

his  Shop  in  Pauls  Church-yard,  at  the 

Signe  of  the  Bul-head. 

1609. 


52  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

The  work  is  an  earnest  plea  for  what  the  writer  calls 
an  "  earthly  Paradice."  He  mentions  that  "  they  have 
plank,  and  lumber  for  shipping,  with  deal  and  wainscot, 
pipe  staves  and  clap-board  and  soap  ashes  and  may  have 
iron  and  copper."  In  this  early  publication  of  the  Com- 
pany it  is  noticeable  that  not  one  word  is  said  upon  gold 
mines,  which  Capt.  John  Smith  declares,  chiefly  occupied 
the  attention  of  the  members. 

The  writer  pleads  for  colonists  in  these  words :  "  We 
need  not  doubt  our  land  is  breeding  with  swarms  of  idle 
persons  which  having  no  means  of  labor  to  relieve  their 
misery,  do  likewise  in  lewd  and  naughty  practices  so  that 
if  we  seek  not  some  foreign  employment  for  them,  we 
must  shortly  provide  more  prisons  and  corrections  for 
their  bad  condition,  for  it  fares  with  populous  common 
weales,  as  with  plants  and  trees  that  be  too  frolic,  which  not 
able  to  sustain  and  feed  their  multitude  of  branches  do 
admit  of  Engrafting  of  their  buds  and  scions  into  some 
other  soil,  accounting  it  a  benefit,  for  preservation  of  this 
kind  and  a  disburdening  of  the  stock  of  those  superfluous 
twigs  that  suck  away  their  nourishment.^  **.;:*  yet 
I  do  not  mean  that  none  but  such  unsound  members,  and 
such  poor  as  want  their  bread  are  fittest  for  this  employ- 


^  Hugh  Lee  residing  in  Lisbon  under  date  of  March  -^,  1609, 
writes  to  Thomas  Wilson,  in  London,  that  five  ships  had  sailed 
for  the  East  Indies  "  carrying  in  the  place  of  soldiers,  children  and 
youth  from  the  age  of  ten,  and  upwards,  to  the  number  of  1500  ; 
in  a  few  years  they  say  these  children  will  be  able  to  do  good 
service."  He  adds  that  "  he  thinks  it  were  no  evil  course  to  follow 
in  England  for  planting  inhabitants  in  Virginia  :  it  is  forced  by 
necessity  in  Lisbon." — Green's  Calendar  State  Papers. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  53 

merit  for  we  intend  to  have  of  every  trade  and  profession, 
both  honest,  wise  and  painful  men  whereof  our  land  is 
able  to  spare  and  to  furnish  many  as  we  had  experience 
in  our  last  sending  out^,  which  will  be  glad  to  go  and  to 
plant  themselves  so  happily,  and  their  children  after  them 
to  hold  and  keep  conformity  with  the  laws,  language,  and 
religion  of  England." 

The  following  allusion  is  made  to  the  new  Charter 
"  His  Majesty  hath  granted  an  enlargement  of  our 
Charter,  with  many  ample  privileges  wherein  we  have 
knightes  and  gentlemen  of  good  placed  name  for  the 
Kings  Council  to  govern  us." 


Expedition  under  Sir  Thomas  Gates. 

The  expedition,  concerning  which  there  had  been  so 
much  conversation  and  preparation  in  London,  did  not 
leave  the  Sound  at  Plymouth,  until  late  in  the  evening  of 
the  2d  of  June,  1609,  four  days  after  the  delivery  of 
Price's  discourse  at  Paul's  Cross. 

The  Company  had  appointed  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  Lieu- 
tenant General  and  Deputy  Governor  of  Virginia,  one 
who  was  esteemed  for  his  straightforwardness,  and  long 
experience.     Under  the  Earl  of  Essex,  he  had  served   in 


'  Capt.  Newport  sailed  in  the  "  Mary  Margaret  "  and  arrived  for 
the  third  time  at  Jamestown,  in  September  or  October,  1608. 
Among  his  passengers  was  Francis  West,  brother  of  Lord  Delaware, 
afterwards  Governor  of  Virginia.  Thomas  Graves,  Raleigh  Cra- 
shaw  living  in  1624,  Daniel  Tucker  afterwards  Governor  of  Somers' 
Islands. 


54  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

the  expedition  against  Cadiz,  in  1596,  and  was  knighted 
for  his  services.  In  1599,  he  was  at  Plymouth,  in  the 
public  service.  In  1604,  he  went  to  the  Netherlands 
with  a  letter  from  Sir  Henry  Wotton  to  the  English 
ambassador,  Sir  Ralph  Winwood,  in  which  the  former 
wrote :  "  I  entreat  you  to  love  him,  and  to  love  me  too, 
and  to  assure  yourself  that  you  cannot  love  two  honester 
men." 

Sir  George  Somers,  the  appointed  Admiral  for  Virginia, 
was  born  in  1554,  at  Lyme  Regis,  and  in  1604,  was 
knighted  as  of  Boxholm.^  He  was  an  approved  naval 
officer,  who  years  before  had  been  in  the  West  Indies, 
"having  often  carried  command,  and  chief  charge  in 
many  ships  royal  of  her  Majesty's,  and  in  sundry  voyages 
made  many  defeats  and  attempts  in  the  time  of  the 
Spaniards  quarreling  with  us  upon  the  Islands  and 
Indies."  When  he  decided  to  go  on  the  Virginia  expedi- 
tion he  was  a  member  of  Parliament,  and  in  a  debate 
which  took  place  in  the  House  of  Commons,  on  February 
14,  1609-10,  whether  his  going  to  Virginia  made  it 
necessary  to  relinquish  his  seat.  Sir  George  More  remarked 
that  he  "  ought  not  to  be  removed ;  that  it  was  no 
disgrace,  but  a  grace  to  be  Governor  in  Virginia." 

Gates  sailed  with  Newport  as  Captain,  now  making 
his  fourth  voyage  to  Virginia,  in  the  ship  "  Sea  Adven- 
ture "  a  ship  of  three  hundred  tons  burthen,  whose  wreck 


^  He  died  November  9,  1610.  In  Howe's  Ghronicles,  London, 
A.D.  1631,  is  this  statement  :  "  Sir  George  Somers  went  from 
Virginia  to  the  Bermoodes  to  fetch  Porke,  where  he  dyed  of  a 
surfeit,  in  eating  of  a  pig." 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  55 

at  the  Bermudas  is  well  known.  Among  the  passengers 
was  a  native  of  Gravesend,  a  skilful  shipwright,  Richard 
Frobisher,  with  whose  aid  was  constructed  the  small  ves- 
sels "  Patience  "  and  "  Deliverance  "  which  in  May,  1610, 
brought  the  passengers  to  Virginia.^ 


*  For  a  description  of  the  other  vessels  of  the  Gates'  fleet  see 
History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp.  30-34.  Before  Gates  left 
the  Bermudas  there  was  the  following  cut  upon  a  palmetto  tree 
"  Conditur  in  hoc  loco,  navis  per  Ricardum  Frobisherum  oneris  VO, 
'  quoe  destinatur  Virginiae,  nos  omnes  hinc  transportabitur.  Anno 
1610,  May  4."  Hardy  in  a  description  of  the  Bermudas  published 
more  than  two  centuries  ago,  mentions  that  he  saw  this  inscription 
hung  as  a  relic  over  the  chair  in  the  Governor's  Hall. 

Frobisher  returned  to  England,  and  Strachey  in  1612,  mentions 
that  he  was  living  at  Lime  House.  On  the  13th  of  January, 
1614-15,  he  was  employed  by  the  East  India  Company  to  construct 
a  ship  at  Shoreham.  In  1616,  he  sailed  for  the  East  Indies  as 
master  carpenter  of  the  ship  "  Charles,"  and  in  1618  returned  to 
England.  In  1619,  he  is  designated  as  "  an  old  servant "  by  the 
E.  I.  Company,  and  he-  agrees  to  go  to  India  with  his  two  sons  for 
seven  years,  and  on  the  30th  of  September,  it  is  mentioned  in  the 
Calendar  of  the  East  India  Company^  that  "  Furbusher  the  car- 
penter with  his  wife  and  family,  in  one  bark,  sailed  for  Malacca,  and 
80  for  Goa,  to  build  shipping." 


CHAPTER  V. 


AFFAIRS  OF  THE  LONDON  COMPANY,  A.D.  1610. 

Declaration  Published.  Ceashaw's  sermon.  Letter  of  Sir 
George  Somers  to  Earl  of  Salisbury.  Rhymes  of  Rich. 
Confutation  of  scandalous  reports. 

OWARD  the  close  of  the  year  1609,  several 
ships  of  the  fleet  which  left  in  June,  came  back 
with  the  distressing  intelligence  that  the  "  Sea 
Venture  "  a  fine  vessel  of  three  hundred  tons, 
Captain  Newport  in  command,  and  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  and 
Sir  George  Somers,  with  other  valuable  persons  on  board, 
had  been  separated  from  the  rest,  in  a  storm,  and  that  they 
had  not  arrived  in  Virginia.  It  was  a  dark  hour  for  the 
London  Company,  but  the  Governor  General  of  Virginia, 
Lord  Delaware^,  did  not  despair,  and  determined  to  go  in 
person. 


^  Thomas  West,  Lord  De  la  Warr,  now  written  Delaware,  was 
knighted  by  Queen  Elizabeth.  Member  of  Kinw  James'  Privy 
Council,  married  Cecily  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Shirley.  Governor 
in  Virginia,  1610,  visited  England,  1611,  and  died  June  7,  1618,  on 
return  voyage  to  Virginia.     His  three  brothers  were  identified  with 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  57 

Upon  the  14th  of  December,  1609,  at  Stationers'  Hall, 
Lord  Delaware,  Sir  Thomas  Smith  and  Sir  Walter  Cope 
entered  a  book,  which  early  in  1610,  was  published  with 
the  following  title. 

"  A  true  and  sincere  declaration  of  the  purpose  and 
ends  of  the  Plantation  begun  in  Virginia,  of  the  degrees 
which  it  hath  received ;  and  meanes  by  which  it  hath 
beene  advanced ;  and  the  resolution  and  conclusion  of  hiss 
Maiesties  Councel  of  that  Colony,  for  the  constant  and 
patient  prosecution  thereof  until  by  the  mercies  of  God, 
it  shall  re-tribute  a  fruittful  harvest  to  the  Kingdom  of 
Heaven,  and  this  Commonwealth. 

Sett  forth  by  the  authority  of  the  Governors  and 
Councellors  established  for  that  Plantation."  Small 
quarto,  pp.  26. 

The  Eound  Church  of  the  Temple,  still  preserved,  is  a 
beautiful  specimen  of  the  early  English  pointed  archi- 
tecture. Hawthorne  speaks  of  its  "  roof  springing  in  a 
harmonious  and  accordant  fountain  out  of  the  chastened 
pillars  that  support  its  pinioned  arches,"  and  "  polished  like 
many  gems."  It  was  completed  in  A.D.  1240,  and  upon 
several  of  its  monuments  are  recumbent  knights  with 
legs  crossed,  carved  in  stone,  the  efiSgies  of  those  who  had 
buckled  on  their  armor  in  the  days  of  the  Crusades.  The 
Preacher  of  the  Temple,  William  Crashaw,  was  a  man  of 
poetic  temperment,  and  appreciated  the  heroic  self  sacrifice 


Virginia — Francis  was  Governor,  John  was  Muster  Master  General 
and  Nathaniel  a  member  of  the  Council. 

Lord  Delaware  had  one  son  Henry,  who  became  4th  Lord  in  1628. 
Charles  his  son  and  5th  Lord,  died  in  1687. 
8 


58  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA, 

of  Lord  Delaware  in  going  to  Virginia  like  a  valiant 
knight  to  contend  for  civilization,  and  "  the  faith  once 
delivered  to  the  saints."  On  the  21st  of  February, 
1609-10,  he  delivered  a  stirring  discourse  from  the  text 
Luke  xxii,  32.  "  But  I  have  prayed  for  thee,  that  thy 
faith  fail  not,  therefore  when  thou  art  converted, 
strengthen  thy  brethren." 

His  theme  was  the  importance  of  converting  the  savage, 
and  founding  an  English  Church  and  Commonwealth  in 
America.  In  considering  the  discouragements  to  the 
plantation,  he  alluded  to  the  objection  "  that  it  hath  so 
poor  and  small  a  beginning,  and  is  therefore  subject  to 
the  flouts  of  many  who  say,  that  it  is  but  the  action  of  a 
very  few  persons,  and  they  send  but  poor  supplies,  and  a 
handful  of  men  at  a  time,  and  one  good  ship  would  beat 
them  all. 

"  For  answer,  I  say,  many  greater  states  than  this  is 
likely  to  prove,  hath  as  little  or  less  beginning.  The 
Israelities  went  down  into  Egypt  being  but  seventy  souls, 
and  were  there,  about  two  hundred  years  and  little  more, 
and  most  of  that  time  in  miserable  bondage,  yet  did  they 
grow  to  six  hundred  thousand  men,  besides  children,  and 
«oon  after,  to  one  of  the  greatest  kingdoms  of  the  earth. 
Look  at  the  beginning  of  Rome  how  poor,  how  mean,  how 
despised  it  was,  and  yet  on  that  base  beginning,  grew  to 
be  mistress  of  the  World. 

"  Oh!  but  those  that  go  in  person  are  raked  up  of  our 
refuse,  and  are  a  number  of  disordered  men  unfit  to  bring 
to  pass  any  good  action.  So  indeed,  say  those,  that  lie 
and  slander.     But  I  answer  for  the  quality  of  them  that 


VIRGINIA    YETUSTA.  59 

go,  they  be  such  as  offer  themselves  voluntarily,  for  none 
are  pressed,  none  are  compelled,  and  they  be  like,  for 
aught  I  see,  to  those  that  are  left  behind,  even  of  all  sorts, 
better  or  worse.  But  for  many  that  go  in  person,  let 
these  objectors  know,  they  be  as  good  as  themselves  and 
it  may  be,  many  degrees  better." 

In  another  portion  of  the  discourse  he  mentioned  that 
colonists  must  not  expect  luxury,  but  be  willing  to  endure 
hardness  like  their  forefathers,  for  "  had  they  been  such 
mecocks  and  milk-sops  as  we  are,  never  would  they  have 
expelled  the  Danes,  nor  overcome  the  French."^ 

In  concluding,  he  thus  apostrophized  "  And  thou  Vir- 
ginia !  whom,  though  mine  eyes  see  not,  my  heart  shall 
love,  how  hath  God  honoured  thee !  Thou  hast  thy 
name  from  the  worthiest  Queen  that  ever  the  World  had  ; 
thou  hast  thy  matter  from  the  greatest  King  on  earth  j 
and  thou  shalt  now  have  thy  fame  from  one  of  the  most 
glorious  nations  under  the  sun,  and  under  the  conduct  of 
a  General  of  as  great  and  ancient  nobility  as  any  ever 
engaged  in  action  of  this  nature." 

On  the  19th  of  March,  1609-10,  Sir  Thomas  Smith 
and  others  entered  the  sermon  at  Stationers'  Hall,  and  it 
was  soon  printed  with  the  following  title : 

"  A  sermon  preached  in  London,  before  the  Right 
Honourable,  the  Lord  La  Warre,  Lord  Governour,  and 
Captaine  Generall  of  Virginea,  and  others  of  his  Maiesties 
Counsell  for  that  kingdome,  and  the  rest  of  the  Adven- 


^  Other  extracts  from  this  sermon  are  in  Neill's  English  Coloniza- 
tion of  America^  Strahan  &  Co.,  London,  1871. 


60  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

turers  in  that  Plantation,  at  the  said  Generall  his  leaue 
taking  of  England  his  native  countrey  and  departure  for 
Virginea,  February  21,  1609. 

"  By  "W.  Crash  aw,  Bachelor  of  Divinitie  and  Preacher 
of  the  Temple.  Wherein  both  the  lawfulness  of  that 
action  is  mantained,  and  the  necessity  thereof  is  also 
demonstrated,  not  so  much  out  of  the  grounds  of  Policy, 
as  of  Humanity,  Equity  and  Christianity.  Taken  from 
his  mouth  and  published  by  direction. 

"  London,  Printed  for  William  Welby  and  are  to  be  sold 
in  Paul's  Churchyard  at  the  Signe  of  the  Swan,  1610." 
Prefixed  to  the  sermon  is  the  following : 

"  To  the  printer. 

"  My  earnest  desire  to  further  the  plantation  in  Vir- 
ginia makes  me,  perhaps  too  bold  with  W.  Crashaw,  thus 
without  his  leave  to  publish  the  same. 

"  But  the  great  good  I  assure  myself  it  will  do,  shall 
merit  your  praise  and  my  pardon.  You  may  give  it  what 
title  you  please,  only  let  this  enclosed  Dedication  to 
Parliament  be  freely  prefixed  in  the  book,  for  your  credit 
print,  to  the  care  whereof  I  leave  you. 

Your  friend  L.  D." 

At  the  head  of  each  page  is  the  title  "  New  Yeere's 
Gift  to  Virginia."  It  probably  appeared  about  March  25, 
1610,  then  New  Year's  Day. 

On  the  first  of  April,  1610,  Delaware  sailed  in  the 
good  ship  "  Delaware,"  Robert  Tindall,  Master,  accom- 
panied by  the  "  Blessing"  and  "  Hercules,"  having  learned 
nothing  from  his  friends  who  had  sailed    in   the   "  Sea 


VIRGINIA   YETUSTA.  61 

Venture  "  and  not  expecting  again  to  see  them.  On  the 
6th  of  June,  he  reached  Point  Comfort,  Virginia,  and  there 
learned  that  Gates  and  Somers  had  arrived  seventeen 
days  before.  Two  weeks  after  Delaware's  arrival,  Sir 
George  Somers  wrote  to  Robert  Cecil,  Earl  of  Salisbury. 


Letter  of  Sir  George  Somers. 

"Right  Honorable. 

"  May  y*  please  yo""  good  honor  to  bee  advertized  that 
sithence  our  dep'ture  out  of  England  in  goinge  to 
Virginia  about  some  200  leagues  from  the  Bermoodas  wee 
weare  taken  with  a  verie  greate  storme  or  hurricane 
which  sundred  all  the  fleete  &  on  S*  Jame's  daye  beinge 
the  23  of  Julie  wee  had  such  a  leake  in  our  ship  inso- 
much that  there  was  9  ffoote  of  water  before  wee  knewe 
of  any  such  thinge,  wee  pumped  ij  pumpes  and  bailed  in 
iij  or  iiij  places  with  certaine  Barrackoos  &  then  wee 
kept  100  men  alwaies  workinge  night  and  daie  from  the 
23d  vntill  the  28th  of  the  same  Julie  being  ffridaie  (at 
w*^*^  time)  wee  sawe  the  Island  of  Bermuda  wheare  our 
ship  liethe  upon  the  rocke,  a  quarter  of  a  mile  distant 
from  the  shoare  wheare  wee  saved  all  our  Hues  and  after- 
wards saued  much  of  our  goodes,  but  all  our  bread  was 
wet  and  lost.  We  continued  in  this  Island  from  the  28th 
Julie  vntill  the  10  of  Maie.  In  w^*^  time  wee  built  ij 
small  Barkes  to  carrie  our  people  to  Virginia  which  in 
number  whare  140  men  and  woemen  at  the  coming  to 
the  Island.  We  dep'ted  from  the  Bermuda  the  12  of 
Maie    and    arived   in    Virginia    the    23d    of    the    same 


62  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

monethe,  and  corainge  to  Cape  Henrie  the  Captaine  theare 
tould  vs  of  the  ffanien  that  was  at  James  Towne  where- 
upon wee  hastened  vp  there  and  found  y*  time,  ffor  they 
had  eaten  all  the  quick  thinge  that  weare  theare  & 
some  of  them  had  eaten  snakes  and  adders.  But  by 
the  industrie  of  our  Governor,  in  the  Berraooda  (Sir 
Thomas  Gates)  thear  was  saued  a  litell  meal ;  ffor  our 
allowance  would  not  extende  to  above  one  pownde  &  a 
halfe  ffor  a  man  a  weeke,  and  this  with  ffishe  we  lined 
[on]  &  this  allowance  9  monthes  our  Governo'"  Sir  Thomas 
Gates  did  allowe  them  as  wee  had  with  some  Porke  & 
recovered  all,  savinge  iij  that  did  die  &  weare  past 
recou''®  before  our  cominge. 

"  Wee  consulted  together  what  course  wear  best  to  bee 
taken  ffor  our  meanes  would  not  continue  aboue  14  dales. 
Wee  thought  good  to  take  into  our  iiij  pinnaces  as  much 
of  the  municon  as  wee  could  &  tooke  in  all  the  people  & 
weare  going  downe  the  River,  but  by  the  waie  wee  met 
w*^  the  Lorde  Laware  &  Lord  Governor  which  made  our 
heartes  verie  glad  &  wee  p'sently  returned  vp  to  James 
towne  &  theare  wee  found  no  saluages  for  they  weare 
affraid  to  come  thither  for  they  did  not  trade  w^*"  our  men 
these  manie  monethes.  The  Trothe  is  they  had  nothing 
to  trade  withal  but  mulberries.  Now  wee  are  in  a  good 
hope  to  plant  &  abide  here  ffor  heare  is  a  good  course 
taken  &  a  greater  care  then  ever  thear  was.  I  ame 
goeinge  to  the  Bermooda  for  ffishe  &  hogges  with  ij  small 
Pinaces  &  are  in  a  good  opinion  to  bee  back  again e  before 
the  Indians  doe  gather  their  harvest.  The  Bermooda  is 
the  most  plentiful  place  that  ever  I  came  to,  for  ffishe 
Hogges,  and  ffowle.     Thus  wishinge  all  healthe  with  the 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  63 

increase   of  honor   doe   humblie  take  my  leave,     ffrom 
Virginia  the  xxth  of  June,  1610. 

"  Y"^  honors  to  comand, 

"  George  Somers. 


"  ffrom  James  Towne  in  Virginia. 

"  To  the  Right  Honor^^^  the  Earl  of  Salisburie,  Lord 
Treasurer  of  England  these." 

The  "  Blessing  and  "  Hercules  "  sailed  for  England,  in 
July,  and  among  the  passengers  were  Sir  Thomas  Gates, 
Captain  Newport  and  Robert  Rich,  a  brother  of  Sir 
Nathaniel  Rich,  and  kinsman  of  Robert  Rich,  Earl  of 
Warwick.  In  September,  they  arrived  in  London,  and 
the  Company  listened  with  wonder  to  the  story  of  the 
shipwreck,  and  the  long  residence  in  Bermoodas  which 
proved  "  a  wilderness  of  sweets,"  amid  "  the  voiceful 
music  of  the  sea." 

What  superstitious  mariners  in  the  waters  of  the 
"  vexed  Berraoothes  "  had  declared  were  the  dismal  groans 
of  evil  spirits,  proved  to  be  the  grunting  of  hogs,  the 
offspring  of  black  swine  that  years  before  had  found  their 
way  to  shore,  from  some  Spanish  wreck.  Fish  had  eagerly 
leaped  upon  the  hooks  thrown  in  the  water,  the  birds 
with  beautiful  plumage,  and  a  simplicity  surpassing  little 
children  had  rested  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  castaways, 
and  the  palmetto  tree  had  furnished  food,  while  its  broad 
leaves  had  been  used  in   the  construction  of  light  cabins. 


64  VIRGINIA   VETU8TA. 

Rich,  "  a  soldier  blunty  and  plaine,"  quickly  prepared 
a  ballad^  of  poor  rhyme  which  on  the  first  of  October,  was 
entered  at  Stationers'  Hall,  and  before  long  it  was  pub- 
lished, and  its  jingling  lines  were  familiar  to  the  half 
starved,  and  wonder  loving  inhabitants,  around  White 
Chapel  in  London. 

The  title  was  as  follows  : 


^  John  O'Halliwell  discovered  a  copy  of  this  ballad  in  the 
library  of  the  Earl  Charlemont,  in  Dublin.  No  other  copy  is 
known  to  exist.  In  1865,  he  had  twenty-five  copies  printed,  fifteen 
of  which  were  destroyed,  and  ten  were  distributed.  In  1878,  it  was 
reprinted  in  Early  Settlement  of  Virginia  and  Virginioltty  as 
noticed  by  Poets  and  Players^^  by  Rev.  Edward  D.  Neill,  A.  B. 
Published  by  Johnson,  Smith  and  Harrison,  Minneapolis,  Minnesota. 


NEVVES  FROM  VIRGINIA. 


The  Lost  Flocke  Triumphant  ; 

With  the  happy  Arrival  of  that  famous  and 

worthy  knight  S''  Thomas  Gates  :  and 

the  well  reputed  and  valient  Cap- 

taine  M^  Christopher  New- 

porte,  and  others,  into 

Virginia. 


With  the  manner  of  their  distresse  in  the  Hand  of  Devils 

(otherwise  called  Bermoothawes)  where  they 

remained  42  weeks,  and  builded 

two  Pynaces,  in  which 

they  returned  unto 

Virginia. 


by  R.  Rich,  Gent.,  one  of  the  voyage. 


LONDON: 

Printed  by  Edw.  Allde,  and  are  to  be  solde  by  John 
Wright,  at  Christ-Church  dore.     1610. 

9 


66  VIRGINIA   YETU&TA. 

Robert  Rich  returned  to  Bermudas  or  Soraers'  Island 
in  which  his  kinsman  Sir  Robert  Rich,  in  1618  made  Earl 
of  Warwick,  had  a  great  interest.  Robert's  brother.  Sir 
Nathaniel,  was  a  prominent  and  influential  man,  a  graduate 
of  Emmanuel,  Cambridge.  On  the  18th  of  October,  1620, 
a  letter  was  written  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich,  informing  him 
that  his  brother  had  died,  having  been  treated  "  by  a 
blind  physician  or  rather  a  quack-salver."  The  writer 
complained  that  W.  Button  the  executor,  "  had  not  the 
honesty  or  manners  to  invite  Mr.  Capt.  Kendall  and  Mr. 
Semour  [Seymour]  who  gave  him  a  volley  of  shot  at  his 
burial,  to  so  much  as  a  cup  of  aqua  vitge  or  any  thing 
else  according  to  the  ancient  and  laudable  custom  which 
heretofore  hath  been  used  at  burials."  He  also  asks  to 
"  have  his  brother's  arms  drawn  and  sent  out  for  the 
purpose  of  having  a  solemn  funeral  performed."^ 

Upon  the  eighth  of  November,  1610,  Sir  Thomas  Smith, 
Sir  Maurice  Berkely  and  Master  Richard  Martin,  entered 
at  Stationers'  Hall  a  book  which  was  published  with  this 
title  : 

"  A  true  Declaration  of  the  Estate  of  the  Colonic  in 
Virginia,  with  a  confutation  of  such  scandalous  reports  as 
haue  tended  to  the  disgrace  of  so  worthy  an  enterprise. 


^  Robert  Rich  of  Standon,  Essex,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas  Dutton,  and  had  two  sons  Robert  and  Nathaniel.  John 
Dutton  the  executor  of  Robert  Rich,  writing  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich, 
speaks  of  his  "  sister  Rich,"  probably  the  widow  of  Robert.  The 
particiilars  of  his  death  have  been  obtained  from  the  Manchester 
Papers  in  8^/i  Report  of  Royal  Commission  of  Historical  Manic- 
scripts. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  67 

"  Published  by  aduise  and  direction  of  the  Councell  of 
Virginia. 

[A  wood  cut  representing  one  planting,  another  water- 
ing a  tree,  with  a  circlet  of  clouds  above,  with  Jehovah, 
in  Hebrew,  in  the  centre.] 

"London,  Printed  for  William  Barrett,  and  are  to  be 
sold  at  the  blacke  Beare  in  Paul's  Church-yard,  1610." 
Small  4to,  pp.  68. 

The  "  author  relates  nothing  but  what  he  hath  from 
the  secrets  of  the  judicial  councell  of  Virginia,  from  the 
letter  of  Lord  La  Ware,  from  the  mouth  of  Sir  Thomas 
Gates,  whose  wisdoms  are  not  so  shallow  as  easily  to  be 
deceived  by  others,  nor  consciences  so  wretched  as  by 
pretence  to  deceive  others." 

Some  of  the  vagabonds  who  ran  away  from  Virginia  in 
the  ship  Swallow,  slanderously  asserted  upon  their  return 
to  England  that  Sir  Thomas  Gates  carried  in  one  ship  all 
the  principal  commissioners  who  should  successively  have 
governed  the  Colony.  To  this,  the  "Declaration"  re- 
plies that  none  were  in  the  ship,  with  Gates,  but  such  "  as 
were  precisely  and  peremptorily  appointed  for  Virginia."^ 


^  Capt.  John  Smith  years  after  the  slander  had  been  refuted  by- 
Gates  and  the  London  Company,  deliberately  revives  the  falsehood 
that  Gates,  Sorners  and  Newport  had  each  of  them  a  commission, 
that  the  one  who  first  arrived,  to  call  in  the  old,  without  the  knowl- 
edge or  consent  of  them  that  were  then  holding  office  in  Virginia. 
"All  things  being  ready,  because  these  three  Captain's  could  not 
agree  for  place,  it  was  concluded  they  should  all  go  in  one  ship." 

— Smith. 


CHAPTER  VI. 


AFFAIRS  IN  ENGLAND  A.D.  1611. 

Pbeparations  fob  a  second  expedition  under  Sir  Thomas  Gates. 
Letters  of  Virginia  Company  and  Sir  Edwin  Sandys. 

S  soon  as  Sir  Thomas  Dale  sailed,  letters  were 
issued  to  many  towns  soliciting  subscriptions  for 
sending  out  more  supplies  of  men  and  provisions 
to  Virginia.     The  following  dated  February  28, 

1610-11,  was  sent  by  the  Council  in  England  for  Virginia, 

to  the  Mayor,  and  Jurats  of  Sandwich. 


Letter  of  King's  Council  for  Virginia. 

'*  The  eyes  of  all  Europe  looking  upon  our  endeavours  to 
spread  the  Gospell  among  the  Heathen  people  of  Virginia 
to  plant  o""  English  nation  there  &  to  settle  at  in  those 
ptB  ^ch  jjjaie  be  peculiar  to  o''  nation,  to  them  wee  male 
thereby  bee  secured  from  being  eaten  out  of  all  proffitt  of 
trade  by  our  more  industrious  neighbour  wee  cannot  doubt 
but  that  the  eyes  also  of  yo"^  best  iudgments  and  affections 
are  fixed  no  lesse  upon  a  designe  of  soe  great  consequence. 
The  reasons  whre  that  action  hath  not  yet  received  the 
successe  of  o"^  desires  &  expectacons  are  published  in  print 


VIRGINIA   VETU8TA.  69 

to  all  the  world.  To  repeate  them  all  were  idlenes  in  us 
&  must  bee  tedious  to  you  yet  to  omyti  mention  of  that 
mayne  reason  wch  hath  shaken  the  whole  frame  of  this 
busnes  &  wch  hath  begott  theise  o'  requests  to  you  would 
but  returne  unto  us  a  fruitlesse  accompt,  and  consequentlie 
a  hazard  to  destroie  that  life  wch  yet  breatheth  in  this 
action. 

"  That  reason  in  few  wordes  was  want  of  meanes  to 
imploie  good  men  &  want  of  iust  payment  of  the  meanes 
wch  weare  promised  disabling  us  therebie  to  set  forth  o' 
supplies  in  due  season. 

"  Now  that  wee  have  established  a  forme  of  goifment  fit 
for  such  members  in  the  psons  of  the  Lord  La  Warr  & 
S'  George  Sommers  allready  in  those  pts  As  also  in  S"^ 
Thomas  Dale  imbarqt  with  300  men  &  provisions  for  them 
and  the  CoUony  to  the  value  of  many  thousands  of  pounds, 
who  is  allready  falne  downe  the  ryver  in  his  waie  thither 
&  in  S"^  Thomas  Gates  whom  wee  reserve  to  second  this 
expedicon  in  Maie  next  wth  300  more  of  the  choiest 
p'sons  wee  can  gett  for  moneys  through  yo''  meanes  &  our 
owne  Cares  Wee  accompt  from  many  advised  consulta- 
cons  that  30000£  to  bee  paid  in  two  yeares  for  three 
supplies  will  bee  a  sufficient  sum  to  settle  there  a  very 
able  &  strong  foundacon  of  anexing  another  Kingdome  to 
this  Crowne. 

"Of  this  30000£  there  is  allready  signed  by  diverse 
pticular  noblemen  gent"  &  merchants  the  some  of  18000 
as  maie  appeare  unto  you  by  a  true  copy  of  their  names 
&  somes  written  wth  their  owne  hands  in  a  Register  booke 
wch  remaynes  as   a  recorde   in  the  hands  of  S"^  Thomas 


70  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

Smith  T'urer  for  that  plantacon  so  that  the  adventures  to 
bee  procured  from  all  the  noblemen  the  Byshopps  & 
Clergie  that  have  not  yet  signed  from  all  the  Gentrie 
Merchants  and  Corporate  townes  of  this  Kingdome  doth 
amount  but  to  12000"  payable  as  above  said.  To  accom- 
plish wch  sum  wee  entreate  yo""  favours  no  farther  then 
amongst  yo""  selves  &  as  shall  seeme  good  unto  you  upon 
respect  of  yo'  iudgments  ranck  &  place  wee  endevour  by 
theis  o^  requests  to  gaine  as  helpes  unto  us  in  such  poore 
measure  as  wee  have  begun  towards  the  advancement  of 
soe  glory ous  an  action. 

We  are  farther  to  entreate  yo''  helpes  to  procure  as  such 
numbers  of  men  &  of  such  condicon  as  you  are  willing  & 
able  wee  send  you  herew**^  the  list  of  the  numbers  & 
qualities  that  wee  entende  God  willing  to  imploye  in  Male 
next. 

As  soon  as  you  can  w*'^  conveinency  wee  desire  yo'  re- 
solucons  touching  meanes  &  men  upon  receipt  thereof  wee 
shall  acknowledge  due  thanks  &  lymitt  the  tyme  of  their 
appearance  wherein  wee  shall  not  forgett  the  pointe  of 
charge  to  the  undertakers  howsoev'  wee  p'ferre  so  farre  as 
lyes  in  us  a  seasonable  dispatch  to  the  first  place  of 
o""  consideracons. 

The  benefitt  by  this  action,  if  it  shall  please  God  to 
blesse  these  begyanings  w*^  a  happye  successe  must  arise 
to  the  generall  good  of  this  Comon  wealth.  To  laie  then 
a  stronge  foundacon  of  soe  great  a  work  wee  hold  o^  selves 
&  o'  request  to  you  warrented  by  the  reasons  aforesaid  & 
by  the  rules  of  honor  &  judgment  &  for  as  wee  o""  selves 
the  present  adventurers  cannott  receive  the  whole  benefitt 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA,  71 

soe  can  it  not  bee  expected  that  wee  should  undergoe  the 
whole  charge. 

The  often  renewed  complaints  against  Companyes  here- 
tofore hath  happened  by  reason  of  the  Monopolizinge  of 
trade  into  a  few  mens  hands  and  though  the  yce  of  this 
busnes  hath  been  brooken  by  the  purses  cares  &  adven- 
tures of  a  few  yet  wee  seclude  no  subiect  from  the  future 
benefitt  of  o""  prsent  care  charge  and  hazard  of  p'son  & 
adventures  all  wch  wee  leave  to  yo""  iudicious  considera- 
cons  &  onlie  importune  yo"^  speedy  resolucons  that  accord- 
ing to  the  warrante  of  duty  wee  maie  either  wash  o'"  hands 
from  farther  care  or  cheerfully  imbrace  strength  from  you 
to  the  furtherance  of  this  action  that  tends  soe  directly  to 
advance  the  glory  of  God  the  honor  of  o'"  English  nation 
&  the  profitt  and  securitie  in  o""  iudgment  of  this  Kingdorae 
and  soe  leaving  you  to  that  sence  hereof  wch  his  goodness 
shall  please  to  infuse  into  you  who  is  of  absolute  power  to 
dispose  of  all  things  to  the  best  wee  rest 
From  L''^  Thomas  Symthes  Yo""  very  loving  friends 
house  in  Philpott  Lane  the 

28th  of  February  1610.  Pembroke^      Montgomery^ 

H.  L.  Southampton^ 

R.  LlSLE'^ 

(illegible)  Tho  Symthe^  Robert  Mansell® 

Walter  Cope'^     He  Fanshawe^         Edwin  Sandys^ 
G.  CoppiN^*'  Tho  Gates^^  Baptiste  Hicke^^ 


*  William  Herbert,  the  3d  Earl  of  Pembroke,  was  born  in  1580  at 
Wilton,  Wiltshire.  Educated  at  Oxford.  He  was  installed  Knight 
of  the  Garter  in  1604,  at  the  same  time  as  the  Earl  of  Southampton. 
He  was  an  active  member  of  the  Virginia  Company  until  its  disso- 


72  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

Sir  Edwin  Sandys  who  lived  at  Northborne  near  Sand- 
wich, forwarded  the  communication  with  the  following 
letter. 


lution.  History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp.  284,  292.  Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  Oxford  in  1626,  and  Broad  Gate  Hall  was 
remodeled  and  called  Pembroke  College.     In  1630  he  died. 

''Sir  Philip  Herbert,  younger  brother  to  Earl  of  Pembroke, 
created  Earl  of  Montgomery,  May  4,  1605,  Knight  of  the  Garter, 
succeeded  as  4th  Earl  Pembroke  April  10,  1630,  died  January  23, 
1649-50. 

^  Henry  Wriothsley  was  attainted  in  1588,  in  1598  a  cavalry 
officer  in  Ireland,  in  1599  went  to  the  Netherlands,  returned  in  1600, 
and  on  July  3,  1603  was  restored  Earl  of  Southampton,  and  at  a 
feast  at  Windsor  was  installed  Knight  of  the  Garter.  He  succeeded 
Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  as  Governor  of  the  Virginia  Company. 

^Robert  Sidney  was  in  1604  created  Baron  Penshurst  and  in 
1605  Viscount  Lisle.  In  1615  was  Knight  of  the  Garter,  and  in 
1618  Earl  of  Leicester,  at  which  time  he  was  active  as  a  member 
of  the  Virginia  Company. — History  of  Virginia  Company,  p.  292. 

*  Sir  Thomas  Smith  under  Queen  Elizabeth  was  Farmer  of 
Customs.  He  w  s  the  second  son  of  Sir  Thomas  of  Osterhanger, 
Kent.  On  the  30th  of  January,  1618  (O.  S.),  his  elegant  residence 
at  Deptford  was  burned.  His  London  house  was  in  Philpot  Lane, 
Langborne  Ward.  His  eldest  son  Sir  John,  married  Isabel,  daughter 
of  Robert  Rich,  Earl  of  Warwick.  Another  son  married  an 
illegitimate  daughter  of  Charles  Blomt,  Lord  Mountjoy. 

®  Sir  Robert  Mansell  was  Treasurer  of  the  Navy,  and  the  Vice 
Admiral.  In  1624  he  obtained  a  patent  for  the  exclusive  manufac- 
ture of  glass,  by  the  use  of  sea  or  pit  coal,  and  revolutionized  the 
glass  trade.  In  1638,  although  advanced  in  age,  he  was  present  at 
the  launching  of  a  vessel.  For  many  years  he  was  a  director  of  the 
East  India  Company. 

'  Sir  Walter  Cope,  Gent,  of  the  King's  Bed  Chamber.  In  January, 
1807,  he  requests  permission  of  the  East  India  Company  to  send  out 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  73 

S""-  I  am  requested  by  his  Ma*'®^  Counsil  for  Virginia  to 
conveigli  these  inclosed  to  yd^  hands  &  to  procure  yo' 
answer  against  the  beginning  of  the  next  term.  The 
effect  is  to  unite  yo"^  town,  &  such  particular  persons  of 
worth  as  shall  be  so  disposed,  to  partnership  in  the  great 
action  of  Virginia  :  wch  after  manifold  disasters  doth  now 
under  the  government  of  noble  &  worthie  leaders  begin  to 


a  young  man  to  obtain  "  parrots,  marmosets,  and  monkeys." 
His  daughter  Isabel,  married  the  agreeable  and  elegant  Sir  Henry 
Rich,  created  Lord  Kensington  in  1622,  and  in  1624  Earl  of 
Holland — A  friend  writes  to  Dudley  Carletoa  :  "  At  play,  at  Sir 
Walter  Copes  had  to  squire  his  daughter  about,  until  he  was  weary." 
After  his  death,  Chamberlain  writes  on  Feb.  9,  1615,  "Cope  died  in 
debt  and  his  house  in  Kensington  for  sale." 

*  Sir  Henry  Fanshaw,  son  of  Thomas.  In  1604  he  was  made 
Remembrancer  of  the  Exchequer,  and  in  1616  died. 

*  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  second  son  of  Archbishop  Sandys,  born 
December  9,  1561.  Received  A.  B.  at  Oxford,  1579.  Traveled  on 
the  continent,  and  in  1599  at  Paris  published  Europoe  Speculum. 
Knighted  in  May,  1603.  In  1619  elected  Governor  of  Virginia 
Company.  Died  at  Northborue,  Kent,  Oct.,  1629,  and  left  £1500 
to  Oxford  University. 

^°  Sir  George  Coppin,  on  May  3,  1604,  made  Clerk  of  Chancery 
Court,  and  afterwards  was  one  of  the  contractors  to  sell  King's 
lands  and  forests. 

'^  Sir  Thos.  Gates  see  p.  63. 

^^  Sir  Baptist  Hicks  made  his  fortune  as  a  silk  merchant,  was  a 
Justice  of  Peace  of  Middlesex,  created  Viscount  Canibden  ;  in  1612, 
built  a  fine  Hall  of  brick  and  stone  in  St.  John  street  near  St.  John 
Lane,  for  the  use  of  Justices  of  the  Peace,  which  was  commonly 
called  Hicks'  Hall.  His  eldest  daughter  married  Lord  Noel.  The 
Hon.  and  Rev.  Baptist  Noel,  who  in  1848  left  the  Church  of 
England  and  became  a  13aptist  minister,  was  a  descendant. 
10 


74  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

revive,  &  we  trust  ere  long  shall  flourish.  I  acquainted 
them  that  yo'"  Town  had  been  much  hindered  by  sickness  : 
in  regard  whereof  the  lesse  will  be  perhaps  expected. 
But  they  could  not  wholy  passe  over  so  principall  a  port, 
in  an  action  tending  generally  to  the  good  of  the  whole 
Kealm,  but  the  profit  whereof  will  chiefly  fall  to  the 
Hauen  Towns  &  principally  in  them  to  merchants.  But 
I  will  leave  you  to  the  letter  it  self :  Only  thus  much  (to 
acquaint  y"  w*^  the  present  state  of  the  busines) ;  we  have 
sent  away  S""  Thomas  Dale  w*^  300  men,  &  great  abound- 
ance  of  victual  &  furniture.  We  send  after  them  this 
next  month  Two  ships  more,  w*^  100  Kyne,  &  200  swine 
for  breed. 

And  if  monie  come  in,  whereof  we  are  in  very  good 
hope  in  May  next  we  shall  send  S'  Thomas  Gates  w*^ 
other  300  men,  of  the  best  &  choisest  we  can  well  procure. 
Wch  done,  &  God  blessing  them ;  the  busines  we  account 
is  woun.  Thus  w^^  my  very  hartie  salutations,  I  betake 
y*"  to  the  Tuition  &  Direction  of  the  Highest,  &  rest 

Y"^  very  loving  friend 

Edwin  Sandys. 
Norborn 

21  Martii  1610. 


^^ 


CHAPTER  VII. 

AFFAIRS  IN  VIIiaiNIA,   A.  D.  1611. 

Lord  Delaware's  Sickness.  Letters  op  Sir  Thomas  Dale, 
Deputy  Governor  Gkorge  Percvt  and  Rev.  Alexander 
Whitaker. 

HE  letter  of  Sir  George  Somers  mentioned  the 
arrival  of  Lord  Delaware  early  in  June,  1610, 
and  on  the  12tli,  Delaware  appointed  the  follow- 
ing Council  : 

Sir  Thomas  Gates,  Knight,  Lieutenant  General. 

Sir  George  Somers,  Knight,  Admiral. 

Captain  George  Percy,  Esq. 

Sir  Ferdinando  Weinman^  Knight,  Marshal. 

Capt.  Christopher  Newport. 

William  Strachey,  Esq.,  Secretary. 

A  few  weeks  after  his  arrival  the  weather  was  very 
warm  and  he  suffered  from  the  ague,  and  then  he  was 
troubled  with  gout  and  scurvy.  During  the  winter  his 
health  did  not  improve,  and  on  the  28th  of  March,  1611, 
accompanied   by  his   physician   Dr.  Bohun,   and  Captain 


^Ferdinando  Wenraan  or  VVeynraan  was  a  near  relative  of  Lord 
Delaware.     Thomas,  his  fatlier,  of  Caswell,  Oxfordshire,   married 
Jane  sister  of  Lord  Delaware's  father.      Ferdinando  married  Ann 
daughter  of  Sir  Samuel  Sandys,  and  her  sister  became  the  wife  of 
Sir  Francis  Wyatt,  afterwards  Governor  of  Virginia. 


76  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Samuel  Argall  for  Nevis  a  small  island  in  the  West  Indies 
about  twenty  miles  square.  Here  he  did  not  grow 
better,  and  soon  returned  to  England. 


Captain  Geobge  Percy,  Deputy  Governor. 

Captain  George  Percy  was  deputed  to  act  as  Governor 
in  his  absence,  a  person  of  spirit  and  judgment.  His 
brother,  the  Earl  of  Northumberland,  upon  a  mere  sus- 
picion of  being  connected  with  the  Gun  Powder  Plot,  had 
been  committed  to  the  Tower,  and  there  employed 
Thomas  Harriot,  the  mathematician,  who  had  been  with 
Granville  to  North  CaroUna,  to  be  his  companion  in  study, 
in  his  rooms  in  the  brick  Tower.  Sir  Walter  Raleigh 
was  confined  within  the  Tower  at  the  same  time,  and 
their  conversation  about  Virginia,  and  the  fact  that  he 
was  the  youngest  brother  of  an  Earl  who  was  under  the 
displeasure  of  the  Court,  had  probably  induced  him  to 
join  the  expedition  which  in  December,  1606,  under  New- 
port sailed  for  Virginia.  In  the  MSS.  of  the  Percy 
Family  there  is  evidence  of  interest  upon  the  part  of  the 
Earl  in  Virginia,  and  in  his  brother  George.  Newport 
returned  to  England  from  his  first  voyage  on  the  29th  of 
July,  1607,  and  from  his  second  voyage  on  the  20th  of 
May,  1608,  bringing  back  with  him  an  Indian  "  of  a  shrewd 
and  subtle  capacity  "  named  Namontack,  a  friend  of  Pow- 
hatan. Among  the  memoranda  of  Henry,  9  th  Earl  of 
Northumberland,  which  have  been  preserved,  are  these 
under  date  of  1607-8.  "  For  apparel  for  M""  George  Percy 
£9,  2s,  4d,  sent  by  Captain  Newport."  "  For  the  rings  and 
other  pieces  of  copper  given  to  the  Virginia  Prince   3s.'' 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  77 

"  To  M'  Melshawe  for  many  necesaries  which  he  delivered 
to  M'  Percy  toward  the  building  of  a  house  in  Virginia, 
14s." 

Captain  Newport  about  December,  1608,  returned  from 
his  third  voyage,  and  under  date  of  February  6,  1608-9, 
the  Earl  of  Northumberland  makes  this  entry  "  For 
cutting  a  large  and  small  Virginia  stone  8s.  Gold  24s. 
Setting  large  stone  15s,"  and  on  February  6,  1610,  the 
payments  made  for  George  Percy  amounted  to  .£432, 
Is,  6d. 

Percy  had  been  before  made  Deputy  Governor,  at  the 
time  that  Capt.  John  Smith  was  sent  to  England  to 
answer  some  charges.  His  term  as  acting  Governor  was 
very  brief  as  Sir  Thomas  Dale  arrived  soon  after  Dela- 
ware's^ departure,  as  is  mentioned  in  the  following  letter 
written  on  the  25th  of  May  1611. 

Letter  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale. 

"To  the  President  and  Counsell  of  the  Companie  of 
Adventurers  and  Planters  in  Virginia." 

"  Right  ho.  and  the  rest  of  our  Noble  friends, — After  I 
had  left  the  lands  end  the  17  of  March  w'th  soe  happie 
successe  (by  the  permission  of  the  divine  goodnesse)  and 
w'th  soe  fayre  windes  was  our  wholl  journey  accompanied 
as  w'th  in   one  month,    the   29  of  Aprill.     We  had  in 


^This  letter  is  a  transcript  from  the  Ashraolean  MSS.  of  the 
Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  made  by  George  D.  Scull,  Esq.,  of 
Oxford,  and  first  printed  in  the  Richmond  Standard  of  January 
28.  1882. 


78  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

friendly  Consorte  all  our  wholl  ffleete  together  reached 
Dominico,  a  passage  w'ch  I  could  hartily  wish  might  not 
by  declined  by  those  our  English  ffleete  w'ch  should  Att 
any  tyme  make  into  Virginia  probable  enough  as  may 
appeare  by  this  our  try  all  to  be  most  speedie.  And  I  am 
right  well  assured  most  convenient  for  our  peoples  refresh- 
ing and  p'erservacon  of  our  Cattle.  The  first  may  be 
made  good  by  reason  of  a  contynual  winde  from  the 
Canaries  to  the  West  Indies,  the  second  by  restitucon  of 
our  sicke  people  into  health  by  the  helpes  of  fresh  Ayre, 
diett  and  the  bathes,  ffor  true  it  is  we  bringe  under  shipped 
of  tonnadge,  and  pestered  by  that  means,  that  our  goodes 
filled  up  the  Orlage  having  noe  roome  for  our  men  to  be 
accomodated,  but  crowded  together  theire  owne  Aires  and 
the  uncleanliness  both  of  the  ship,  doggs,  &c.,  gave  some 
infecon  amongst  us  and  was  the  cause  of  the  loss  of  well 
more  a  dozen  men.  I  coulde  earnestly  wishe  therefore 
that  you  will  be  pleased  to  advise  the  undertakar's  con- 
cerninge  this  point,  that  the  like  inconvenience  may  be 
avoyded  in  the  future.  The  12  of  May  we  seized  our 
Bay  and  the  same  night  w'th  a  favourable  South  East 
gale  (all  prayse  to  God  for  yt)  we  came  to  an  anchor 
before  Algernoune  flforte  att  Pointe  Comfort,  where  to 
our  noe  small  Comfort  again  we  discov'red  the  Hercules, 
even  then  p'paring  to  take  the  advantage  of  the  present 
Tide  to  sett  sayles  for  England,  we  had  noe  sooner  saluted 
the  fort,  and  that  us,  and  were  come  to  an  anchor  but 
Captin  Adams  came  aboord  us  in  his  longe  boate,  who 
gave  me  to  understand  both  of  his  Lor',  pp's^  dep'ture  for 


^  Lord  Delaware  Governor. 


VIRGINIA    YETUSTA.  79 

Mevis  in  the  West  Indies  some  tenne  dayes  before  in 
Comrainge  in  (as  by  his  Lo'.  p's  I'rs  ye  shall  further 
understand  thereof)  as  of  Capt.  Pearcyes  being  at  the 
fforte,  who  together  w'th  some  of  the  p'sent  Counsell  had 
come  downe  thither  to  give  Capt.  Adams  his  discharge. 
It  was  not  full  two  bowers  before  my  self  and  Captin 
Newport  went  ashore,  where  we  had  related  unto  us  the 
full  circumstance  of  many  thiugs  and  the  condicon  of  the 
p'sent  Colonye.  In  this  flforte  we  found  be  sides  Capt. 
Davys  his  Company,  the  most  of  Sir  Thomas  Gates  his 
company  there  living  quartered  as  well  by  reason  they 
were  not  of  Competency  in  numbers  to  take  in  againe  the 
two  flfortes  of  Keconghtan  and  to  supply  James  Towne 
and  Algernoune  fforte,  both,  as  also  because  att  all  tymes 
this  place  yieldeth  the  better  reliefe  by  meanes  of  the 
fishing  then  James  Towne.  I  found  many  omissions  of 
necessary  duties  w'ch  would  have  indeed  advanced  the 
end  w'ch  we  have  nowe  proposed  concerning  the  p'petuall 
subsistence  of  the  Colony  but  a  plantacon  being  not  the 
full  and  utmost  intencon  resolved  on,  or  soe  advised  from 
home,  but  rather  the  search  after  those  Mynes  w'ch 
Faldoe  the  Helvetian  had  given  intelligence  of  in 
England,  and  w'ch  his  Lo'p  was  intreated  unto  by  the 
Committies  I'res  (w'ch  I  have  since  scene)  to  make  ex- 
planacon  of  was  the  cause  of  those  omissions.  Howbeit, 
I  found  howe  carefuU  his  Lo'p  hath  been  in  what  either 
his  forces,  or  owne  abilitie  of  bodie  enable  him  unto. 
And  well  I  p'ceave  his  zeale,  how  it  is  enflamed  to  His 
Right  Noble  worke.  According  therefore  as  his  Lo'p  left 
in  direcon  for  me  (y't  I  should  come  in  before  bis  returne) 
with  a  commission  likewise  to  governe  as  his  Deputie  in 


80  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

the  Interim.  My  first  labor  was  to  reposaesse  me  of  the 
Two  last  yeares  erected  fibrtes  upon  Southampton  River, 
FFORTE  Henry  and  fforte  Charles. 

The  second  day  therefore  after  my  arrivall,  I  went  and 
viewed  the  fforts    and  grounde    for   Corne   findinge   the 
Pallasadoes  yet  most  standing  about  those  fforts   and  the 
ground  though  somewhat  later  in  the   yeare  to  be  sowed 
w'th  some  little  paines  to  be    cleared.     I  drew  all  my 
newe  men  ashoare  and   taking  some   of  the  rest  of  both 
Companies  quartered   as  aforesaid   in   Algernoune  fforte, 
whilest  I  employed  our  Carpenters  to  build  Cabins  and 
Cottages  for  the  p'sent  we,  on  all  handes  fell  to  digging 
and  cleansing  the  ground   and  setting  of  Corne   and  in 
4  or  5  dayes  we  had  sett  more  ground  about  fort   Henry 
than  Sir  Thomas  Gates  founde  sett  by  the  Indians  in  the 
yeare  before.     After   I  had  forwarded  this  worke  because 
I  conceaved  it  necessary  as  well   to  looke  into  the  p'nte 
state  of  James  Towne  and  what  might  be  fitt  to  be  accom- 
plished there  before  my  search  further  up  for  a  convenient 
newe  seat  the  rayse   a  principall  Towne,   according  to  my 
directions    as    also    to    unlode    our    provisions   into   our 
Magazine  of  w'ch  I  knowe   some  of  illcondicioned  Ships 
required  the  more  speed,  as  likewise  carefull  to  sett  some 
hands  likewise  on  the  worke  for  the  lading  of  their  Ships 
w'th  all  conveniency  and  speed  for  their  Returne.     I  left 
the  charge  of  Corne  setting  about  Charles  fforte  under  the 
command   and  care  of  the    Captives   w'ch    I   nowe  had 
broughte ;  leaving  therefore  still  on  shoare  w'th  them  all 
my   newe  Company.      Constituting  Capt.   James   Davys 
Taxe  Mr.  of  the  wholl   three  fforts,  who  havinge  instruc- 
tions given  from  my  self  should  appointe  each  Capt  of  the 
fforte  what  to  command  his  officers  and    his  people  to 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  81 

execute,   who  weekely  therefore    (I  did  soe  order  it)  that 
they  should  give  accompt  to  Capt   Davis,  and  Capt  Davis 
to  me.     This  thus  settled  and  evry  one  busie  att  his  taske 
and  dayes  labour,  the   19   I   came  before  James   Towne, 
being  Sonday  in  the  afternoon e,  where  I  landed  and  first 
repairing  to  the  Church   (the  company  thither  assembled) 
Mr.  Poole  gave  us  a   Sermon,  after  that   Mr.   Strachy  did 
openlv  reade  that  commission  w'ch  his  Lo'p  had  left  w'th 
him  for  me,   Capt  Percy  surrendering  up  his,   it  being 
accordingly  soe    to  expire.      I  found  here  likewise   noe 
corne  sett,  some  fewe   seedes  put  into  a  private  garden 
or  Two,  but  the  Cattle,  Cowes,  goats,   swine,  poultry,  &c,, 
to  be  well  and  carefully  on   all  hands  p' served  and  all  in 
good  plight  and  likeing.     The  next  day  I  called  into  con- 
sultacon  such  whom  I  found  here  made  of  the  Counsell  by 
his  Lo'p  where  were  proposed  many  businesses  necessary, 
and  almost  everyone  essentiall  w'ch  indeed  required  much 
labour  and  many  hands,  as  namely  the   reparcon  of  the 
falling  Church   and  soe   of  the  Storehouse,  a  stable  for 
our  horses,  a  Munition   house,  a   Powder   house,  a  newe 
well  for  the  amending  of  the  most  unholesome  water  w'ch 
the  old  afforded.     Brick  to  be  made,  a  Sturgion  house, 
w'ch  the   late  Curer   you   sent   by   the    Hercules    much 
complayneth  of,  his  worke  otherwise  ympossible  to  come 
to  good,  and  indeed  he  dresseth  the  same  sturgions  p'fect 
and  well,     a  Block  house  to  be  raysed  on  the  North  side 
of  our  back  River  to  p'vent  the  Indians  from  killing  our 
Cattle  a  house   to  be  sett  up  to  lodge  our  Cattle  in  the 
winter,  and  hay  to  be  appointed  in  his  due  tyme  to  be 
made,  a  Smythe's  forge   to  be   p'fected.     Caske  for  our 
Sturgions  to  be  made,   and  besides  private  gardens  for 
each  man.     Comon  gardens  for  hemp  and  flaxe,  and  such 
11 


82  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

other  seedes,  and  lastly  a  bridge  to  land  our  goods  dry 
and  safe  upon,  for  most  of  w'ch  I  take  p'ate  order.  And 
appointed  first  for  the  Church  Capt.  Edw.  Brewster  with 
his  Ging.  and  for  the  stable  Capt.  Lawson  with  his  Ginge. 
Captain  Newport  undertooke  the  Bridge  w'th  his  Mariners, 
all  the  Savages  I  sett  on  worke  who  duly  ply  their  taske 
and  thus  when  theis  are  done  the  others  shalbe  sett  uppon. 
In  the  meane  while  we  nowe  of  necessity  are  inforced  to 
plie  the  unlading  of  our  ship  to  w'  ch  we  call  other  hands 
not  imployed  and  I  myself  likewise  somewhat  busied  two 
or  three  days  to  dispatch  Capt  Adams  w'th  all  speed 
w'th  theis  our  I'ters  of  Auisoe,  who  the  21  was  p'nte  w'th 
att  Counsell  where  we  positively  determined  w'th  God's 
grace  (after  the  Cornes  sitting  at  the  Princess  fibrtes  to 
goe  up  unto  the  falls  ward  to  search  and  advise  upon  a 
seate  for  a  new  Towne  w'th  200  men,  where  we  will  sett 
downe  and  build  houses  as  fast  as  we  may  resolving  to 
leave  at  James  Towne  some  good  ffyfty  men  w'th  a  suffi- 
cient Commander  for  the  p'servacon  of  our  breeders  like- 
wise att  that  Counsell  it  being  then  debated,  howe  hopefull 
the  truste  for  a  while  would  be  unto  the  Northward  rivers 
especially  that  Pattomack  for  corne  after  harvest.  I  did 
forbid  all  manner  of  tradings  with  the  Indians  least  our 
comodities  should  growe  every  day  w'th  them  more  vile 
and  cheap  by  their  plenty.  And  being  pollitiquely  con- 
veyed by  Powhatan  unto  those  Northerne  people,  who 
seeing  our  access  threaten  againe  (as  in  this  last  winter 
was  Capt.  Argoll  in  the  Discovery)  might  forestall  our 
truckings.  Likewise  the  21.  I  went  into  Paspahaighes 
ould  Towne  because  it  was  related  unto  me  to  be  good 
ground  to  sowe  corne  in  purposing  to  sett  there  some 
hemp  and  flax,  but  surveighing  yt  I  found  it  too   much 


VIRGINIA    VETU8TA.  83 

rough  weeded  and  overgowne  w'th  shrubbs  and  bushes 
which  nowe  being  greene  and  highe  would  not  be  soe 
readily  cleansed  this  yeare  for  any  servic.  The  22,  I 
made  divers  p'clam aeons  w'ch  I  caused  to  be  sett  up  for 
the  publique  vie  we,  one  for  the  p'sevacon  of  our  cattle 
amongst  our  selves,  another  for  the  valuacon  of  pr' visions 
amongst  the  Mariners,  the  Copies  of  w'ch  I  have  sent  and 
leave  to  your  noble  consideracons,  every  one  here  thinking 
those  rates  very  easy  and  reasonable. 

Let  me  intreat  that  we  may  have  both  a  viz  admiral 
And  hired  Mariners  to  be  all  tymes  resident  here,  the 
benefit  will  quickly  make  good  the  charge  as  well  by  a 
trade  of  ffurs  to  be  obtayned  w'th  the  Salvages  in  the 
Northern  Rivers  to  be  returned  home  as  also  to  furnish 
us  here  w'th  corne  and  fish.  The  waste  of  such  men  all 
this  time  whom  we  might  trust  w'th  our  pynaces,  leaves 
us  destitute  this  season  of  soe  great  a  quantity  of  fish  as 
not  farre  from  our  owne  Bay  would  sufficiently  satisfie 
the  whole  Colony  for  a  whole  yeare.  Our  wante  likewise 
of  able  Chirurgions  is  not  a  lyttle,  be  pleased  to  advise  the 
Committees  for  us  in  this  pointe. 

And  thus  having  nothing  ells  at  theis  pr'sent  to  be 
further  a  necessary  trouble  to  me  I  humbly  take  my  leave 
in  all  offices  and  travell  to  the  advancem't  of  this  yo'r 
hopefuU  Colony,  bowing  me  ever  unto  the  same  and  yo'r 
hon'able  command 

a  constant  &  p'petuall  servant 

Thomas  Dale\ 

Virginia  James  Towne  the  25  of  May,  1611. 


^  This  letter  reached  England  in  the  summer.     On  August   16, 
1611,  John    Wright,    Bookseller,   entered  at  Stationers'   Hall    "A 


84  VIRGINIA   YETU&TA. 

Dispatches  received  from  Sir  Tiiomas  Dale,  spurred  the 
London  Company  without  delay,  to  send  out  Sir  Thomas 
Gates  with  six  ships,  three  hundred  men,  one  hundred 
kine,  and  provisions  of  all  sorts.  Especially  active  in 
fitting  out  the  expedition  was  the  distinguished  army 
officer  Sir  Edward  CeciP,  and  the  well  known  naval 
officer  Sir  Robert  Mansell,  having  prepared  certain  laws 
for  the  better  government  of  the  Colony. 

Gates  left  England  in  June  and  arrived  about  the  fifth 
of  August  at  Jamestown. 

George  Percy  after  Dale  went  to  Henrico  was  left  in 
command  at  Jamestown  and  wrote  the  following  letter 
addressed 

Letter  of  George  Percy. 

"  To  the  right  Hono^^®  my  singular  good  Lord  and 
Brother,  the  Earle  of  Northumberland. 

Right  Hono^^^ 

I  am  not  ignorant,  and  cannot  therefore  be  unmindfull 
in  what  I  may  so  satisfie  your  Lo^  for  your  manifold  and 
continuall  cortesies  w*^*^  I  dayly,  and  at  the  aprotch  of 
everie    shipping   do    abundantly   taste   of,    and   I   must 


ballad.  The  last  news  from  Virginia,  being  an  encouragement  to 
all  others  to  follow  that  noble  enterprise."  No  copy  of  this  ballad 
is  known  to  exist. 

^  Sir  Edward  Cecil,  K't,  son  of  Thomas,  Earl  of  Exeter.  In  1603 
Keeper  of  Mortlake  Park.  In  1605  went  to  the  war  in  the  Low 
Countries.  In  1609  Keeper  of  Putney  Park.  In  1612  he  went 
for  Prince  Henry  as  sponsor  to  the  child  of  Count  Ernest  of  Nassau. 
In  1616  he  is  in  London  where  his  first  wife  died,  and  in  Nov.,  1618, 
he  married  Diana,  sister  of  Lord  Burleigh,  created  Lord  Wimbledon. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  85 

acknowledge  freely  that  this  last  yere  hath  not  bin  a 
little  chardgable  into  your  Honor  who  I  hope  will  con- 
tinue so  noble  and  hono^^®  opinion  of  me  as  you  shall  not 
think  any  thing  prodigally  by  me  wasted  or  spent  w*^^ 
tendeth  to  my  no  little  advancement :  True  it  is  the  place 
w'^^  I  hold  in  this  Colonic  (the  store  affording  no  other 
meanes  than  a  pound  of  meale)  cannot  be  defraied  with 
small  expense,  it  standing  upon  my  reputation  (being 
Governor  of  James  Towne)  to  keep  a  continuall  and  dayiy 
Table  for  Gentlemen  of  fashion  about  us,  my  request  unto 
y  LoP  at  this  present  is  to  intreate  your  Honnor  to  be 
highly  pleased  to  dischardg  a  Bill  of  my  hand  made  to 
Mr.  Nellson,  and  likewise  a  Bill  of  eight  pounds  unto 
M""  Pindle  Burie  of  Lond°  merchant,  and  I  shall  ever  be 
in  all  humble  dutie  bound  unto  your  Lo^'  And  thus 
wishing  all  honnor  and  happines  to  accompanie  you  in 
this  world,  and  eternal  blisse  in  the  other  to  come,  I  cease 
to  be  further  vnneccessary  troublesome  vnto  your  Lo^  ever 
vowing  myself  and  the  vttermost  of  my  services  in  all 
duty  unto  your  Honnor  and  rest 

Your  Lordship's  louinge  brother 
Virginia  George  Percy.^ 

James  Towne  August  17,  1611. 

^  Percy  was  born  Sept.  4,  1580  and  was  thirty-one  years  old  when 
he  wrote  the  above  letter.  His  mother  was  Catherine,  the  eldest 
daughter  of  John  Neville,  Lord  Latimer.  His  sister  Lucy  was  fair 
and  talented.  Lord  Hay  afterward  Earl  of  Carlisle  gave  an  enter- 
tainment in  her  honor,  but  the  Earl  of  Northumberland  kept  her  in 
the  Tower,  for  he  said,  "  No  Percy  should  dance  Scotch  jigs." 
Hay  however  persisted  and  about  1618  married  her.  Hay  possessed 
great  wealth,  and  by  his  influence  Northumberland  was  at  length 
permitted  to  leave  the  Tower.  After  he  died  his  widow,  as  the 
Countess   of  Cai'lisle,  became   one   of   the   most   noted  women   in 


86  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Percy  returned  to  England  in  1612,  it  is  supposed  in  the 
ship  "  Treasurer,"  Capt.  Argull  in  command.  He  landed 
at  Dover  where  he  remained  a  few  days,  and  then  engaging 
post  horses  road  to  London.  Finding  that  some  one  had 
published  a  relation  of  Virginia  containing  false  state- 
ments, he  wrote  "  A  trew  relation  of  the  proceedinge,  and 
occurrents  of  momente  which  have  hapened  in  Virginia 
from  the  time  when  Sir  Thomas  Gates  was  shipwrackte 
upon  the  Bermudas,  anno  1609,  until  my  departure  out 
of  the  countrie,  which  was  in  A.  D.  1612."  The  narrative 
was  dedicated  to  Lord  Percy,  and  a  fragment  of  it  is  still 
among  the  Percy  MSS.  at  Petworth  House^,  County 
Sussex,  England. 

diplomatic  circles.  She  was  the  intimate  friend  of  the  Earl  of 
Stafford  and  after  he  was  beheaded,  held  confidential  relations 
with  John  Pym  the  popular  leader  of  Parliament,  and  at  a  later 
period  she  is  counselling  with  General  Monk  as  to  the  restoration 
of  Charles  the  Second.  Smith  in  his  "  New  England  Trials  "  pub- 
lished in  1620  mentions  him  as  in  England,  In  1627  he  was  a  cap- 
tain of  a  troop  in  the  Low  Countries  where  he  lost  a  finger,  as  his 
picture  shows.     He  died  in  1632,  unmarried. 

^  The  absence  of  Lord  Leconfield,  as  the  following  note  will  show, 
has  prevented  the  publication  of  this  fragment,  in  Virginia  Vetusta. 

"Sepf  28th,  1884. 
"  Sir  :  My  absence  from  Petworth,  an  absence  which  will  be  ex- 
tended till  the  end  of  Nov'^,  or  commencement  of  Dec',  prevents  my 
being  able  to  comply  with  y'r  request,  until  my  i-eturn,  as  I  have  no 
one  there  whom  I  could  employ  to  make  the  extracts  you  ask  for, 
from  the  MSS.  on  Virginia  dedicated  to  Lord  Percy,  without  my 
personal  directions.  I  trust  that  this  delay,  may  not  be  a  serious 
impediment  to  the  work  you  have  in  hand. 

"  Iremain 

"Y'rs  faithfully, 

"  Lbconfield." 


CHAPTER  IX. 


AFFAIRS  OF  COMPANY,  A.D.  1612. 

Thb  Charter  of  March,  1611-12.  Kixg's  Council  for  Virginia. 
Letter  of  Sir  Edwin  Sandys.  The  Lotteries.  Publications 
op  the  year.     somers  island  company. 

HE  discovery  of  Bermudas,  made  it  important 
that  there  should  be  an  alteration  and  enlarge- 
ment of  the  Charter  of  1609,  and  application 
was  made  for  certain  changes.  A  new  charter 
dated  March  12,  1611-12  was  obtained,  and  the  London 
Company  were  granted  all  islands  between  the  thirtieth 
and  forty-first  degrees  of  north  latitude,  and  within  three 
hundred  leagues  of  parts  heretofore  granted. 

Provision  was  also  made  that  five  members  of  the 
King's  Council  for  Virginia  and  fifteen  members  of  the 
Company  duly  assembled  should  be  a  legal  meeting. 

As  subscriptions  by  the  towns  and  individuals  had 
greatly  decreased,  the  Company  now  depended  upon  a 
lottery  for  the  support  of  their  Colony  in  Virginia.  The 
Mayors  of  the  several  towns  were  as  far  as  possible  inlisted 
in  the  enterprize.  Among  the  manuscript  records  of  the 
town  of  Sandwich  is  the  following  : 


88  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

Letter  of  Sir  Edwik  Sandys  ox  the  Lottery. 

"  Gentlemen  :  I  am  required  by  his  Ma"^^  Counsel  for 
Virginia,  to  call  on  you  for  the  Twenty  Five  pounds  w*^*^ 
long  since  y*^  promised  to  adventure  w*'^  them  towards  the 
farthering  of  that  plantation.  And  have  received  from 
them  a  Bid  of  adventure  under  their  scale  to  be  delivered 
unto  you  upon  paiement  of  that  sum  w'ch  Bill  I  have  sent 
you  by  M''  Parke,  to  be  disposed  accordingly. 

"  I  am  also  in  their  names  very  earnestly  to  pray  y*"^ 
furtherence  toward  the  furnishing  of  a  Lottarie  lately 
granted  to  them  by  his  Ma"®.  The  use  and  nature  thereof 
yo'^  shall  perceive  by  the  proclamation  concerning  it  which 
I  have  also  sent.  And  M""  Mayor  of  Sandwich  is  particu- 
larly desired  to  receive  &  return  such  monies  as  men  shall 
be  disposed  to  adventure  in  it  according  to  such  instruc- 
tions as  are  contained  in  a  book  sent  to  you  for  that 
purpose ;  presuming  greatly  of  your  affectionate  rediness 
to  aid  &  advance  so  worthie  an  enterprize  tending  so 
greatly  to  the  enlargement  of  the  Christian  [religion],  the 
honor  of  o""  nation  &  benefit  of  English  people,  as  by  God's 
assistance  the  sequell  will  in  short  tyme  manifest.  The 
example  also  hereof,  now  beneficiall  in  y"""  best  &  most 
needfull  occasions  it  may  prove  unto  y^""  selfs,  I  knowe 
in  y'^''  wisdome  y^  will  easily  see  &  consider. 

"  So  w^^  my  very  hartie  salutations  I  comend  y'^  to  the 
divine  tuition,  and  rest 
Northborn  Y'"  very  loving  friend, 

8  April  1G12  Edwin  Sandys. 

"  To  the  Right  wor'***®  my  very  loving  friends  the  Mayor 
&  Jurates  of  Sandwich." 


VIEGIKIA   VETUSTA.  89 

Before  the  last  charter  was  officially  promulgated,  on 
February  24,  1611-12  there  had  been  entered  "  A  boke 
or  thing  called  the  Publicacon  of  the  Lotary  for  Virginia,^" 
and  it  is  to  this  Sandys  alludes  in  his  letter.  On  May  1, 
1612,  Sir  Thomas  Smith,  Sir  Dudley  Digges,  and  Master 
Robert  Johnson  entered  another  book^  entitled  "  The 
Lottarye's  best  prize  declaring  the  former  successe  and 
present  estate  of  Virginia's  plantation." 

A  few  days  afterwards  on  the  16th  of  May,  there  was 
issued  "A  publicacon  of  his  Maiesties  Councell  of  Virginia 
touchinge  the  defrayinge  of  the  Lotterye." 

The  first  public  drawing  of  prizes  to  the  amount  of 
£5,000  took  place  on  the  29th  of  June  in  a  new  built 
house  "  at  the  west  end  of  Pauls."^  Out  of  the  lottery 
there  were  drawn  out  and  thrown  away  sixty  thousand 
blanks,  without  abating  of  any  one  prize.  By  the  20th 
of  July,  the  drawing  was  completed  to  the  full  satisfaction 
of  all  concerned.  Thomas  Sharplisse,  a  London  tailor, 
drew  the  great  prize,  four  thousand  crowns  in  silver  plate 
which  was  carried  to  his  house  "  in  a  very  stately 
manner." 

Ogilby,  whose  son  John  was  the  author  of  a  work  on 
America,  and  a  translation  of  Homer,  was  in  prison  for 
debt,  and  borrowing  some  money  of  his  son,  purchased  a 
ticket,  which  drew  a  prize  which  enabled  him  to  satisfy 
his  creditors.^ 

The  book  entered  on  May  1,  1612,  was  published  with 
the  following  title  : 


^  Arber's  Stationers'  Hall  Register.  *  Arber. 

^  Baker.  *  Aubrey. 

12 


THE 

NEW  LIFE 

of  Virginea; 
DECLARING    THE 

FORMER    SVCCESSE    AND    PRE- 

lent  eftate  of  that  plantation  being  the  fecond 
part  of  Nona  Britannia. 

Publiilied  by  the  authoritie  of   his  Maiefties 

Couniell  of  Virginea. 

L  O  ND  O  N, 

Imprinted  by  Feltx  Kyngston    for    William    Welhy,    dwelling  at  the 

iigne  of  the  Swan  in  Pauls  Churchyard.      1612. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  91 

This  book  has  a  dedicatory  epistle  ostensibly  written 
by  R.  J.  (Robert  Johnson).  It  contains  language  as  to 
stage  players  almost  the  same  as  that  in  Crashaw's  sermon. 
The  book  displays  a  great  knowledge  of  history  and  it 
may  have  been  composed  by  or  under  the  supervision  of 
Crashaw. 

In  allusion  to  the  lottery  it  uses  these  words^:  "  Of  all 
our  adventures  I  may  well  say  there  is  but  one  third  part, 
which  to  their  praise,  from  the  first  undertaking,  to  this 
day  have  not  ceased  to  give  their  counsels,  spend  their 
times,  and  lay  down  their  monies,  omitting  no  occasion  to 
express  their  zeal  for  effecting  (if  it  may  be  possible)  so 
great  a  work  for  the  King  and  Country's  honor.  And  for 
this  cause,  the  burthen  being  heavier  than  may  well  be 
borne  by  the  shoulders  of  so  few  willing  minds  we  do  still 
provoke  our  private  friends  and  have  now  obtained  the 
help  of  public  lotteries  to  maintain  the  same." 

It  is  mentioned  in  this  volume  that  "  Captain  Samuel 
ArgoU  a  gentleman  of  good  service  is  ready  with  two 
ships."     In  September,  he  arrived  at  Jamestown. 

Early  in  the  year  1612,  the  Company  published  a  book, 
which  on  December  13,  1611,  had  been  entered  by  Sir 
Edward  Cecil,  Knight,  the  experienced  General  in  the 
wars  of  the  Low  Countries  as  "  Articles,  lavves,  and 
orders  dyvyne,  politique  and  martiall  for  the  Colonye  in 
Virginia,  first  established  hy  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  Knight 
and  Leiftenant  Generall  to  24th  of  May,  1610,  exemply- 
fied  and  approved  by  the  Right  Honourable  Lord  Delaware, 
.Lord  Governor  and  Captayne  Generall  the  12th  of  June 


^  The  spelling  is  modernized. 


92  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

1610,  agayne  exemplyfied  and  enlarged  by  Sir  Thomas 
Dale  Knighte  Martiall  and  Deputy  Governor  the  22d  of 
June  1611." 

When  printed  the  title  was  a  little  modified. 

It  was  decided  after  the  third  charter  was  granted  that 
the  colonization  of  the  Bermudas  should  be  undertaken 
by  only  a  portion  of  the  members  of  the  London 
Company. 

In  a  letter  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  Kt.,  Ambassador  at 
Venice,  on  the  12th  of  February,  1612,  John  Chamberlain 
writes  "  There  is  a  lotterie  in  hand  for  the  furthering  of 
the  Virginia  viage  and  a  vnder  companie  erecting  for  the 
trade  of  the  Bermudas,  w^*"  have  changed  theyre  name 
twise  within  the  moneth,  being  first  christ'ned  Virginiola 
as  a  member  of  that  plantation,  but  now  lastly  resolued 
to  be  called  Sommer  Islands,  as  well  in  respect  of  the 
continuall  temperat  ayre,  as. in  remembrance  of  S"  George 
Sommers  that  died  there." 

A  little  later  Henry,  Earl  of  Northampton^  writes  to  his 
*'  Most  excellent,  most  gratiouse,  most  redoubted  and  deer 
Soueraine  "  that  "  Another  Companie  are  in  like  sorte 
advertized  of  the  safe  arriuall  of  their  shippes  in  the 
Bermudas." 

Eventually,  for  two  thousand  pounds  the  London  Com- 
pany sold  out  their  interest  in  Bermudas,  and  on  the  29th 
of  June,  1615,  King  James  granted  a  separate  charter  to 
the  Governor  and  Gompany  of  the  Gity  of  London  for  the 
plantation  of  the  Somer  Islands. 


^  An  abstract  of  this  letter  is  on  p.   54,  History  of  the    Yirginia 
Company  and  by  mistake  attributed  to  Earl  of  Southampton. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  LATER  CAREER  OP  CAPTAIN  CHRISTOPHER  NEWPORT,  SIR 
THOMAS  DALE,  SIR  THOMAS  GATES,  CAPTAIN  SAMUEL  AR- 
GALL,  AND  CAPTAIN  JOHN  SMITH. 

DWARD  HOWES  the  chronicler,  wrote^:   "  Cap- 
tain    Newport    seeing    the    necessary    yearly 
supplies  for  the  plantation  not  to  proceed  as  was 
required  for  so  honorable  an   action,  he  left  the 
service,  being  chosen    one   of  the    Six  Masters  of  Navy 
Royal." 

He  was  employed  by  the  East  India  Company  to  com- 
mand the  ship  which  carried  Sir  Robert  Shirley  as 
Ambassador  to  Persia,  and  on  June  20,  1613,  was  at 
Saldanha.  His  wife  remained  in  England.  The  next 
year  he  returned  and  at  a  meeting  of  the  East  India 
Company  in  August,  1614,  he  was  much  commended,  and 
the  next  month  it  was  ordered  that  he  should  be  rewarded 
for  his  discoveries  in  the  Persian  Gulf.  In  view  of 
another  voyage,  in  November,  Newport  wished  a  salary 
of  £240  a  year,  but  a  committee  said  "Let  him  rest 
awhile  and  be  advised  to  bethink  himself  for  a  short  time." 
It  was  arranged  in  January,  1614-15,  that  he  was  to  have 
upo!i  the  next  voyage  £15  a  month,  and  that  he  was  not 


^  xinnals  London^   1631. 


94  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

to  trade.  On  the  16th  of  May,  1617,  he  was  with  the  ship 
"  Lion,"  at  Saldanha  ready  to  sail  for  Britain.  In  1618 
he  was  at  Bantam,  in  command  of  the  "  Hope."  He  died 
in  the  East  Indies  and  left  a  son  named  John.  At  a 
meeting  of  the  Virginia  Company  on  the  17th  of  November, 
1619,  the  following  minute^  was  made  :  "  Wheras  the  Com- 
pany hath  fomerly  granted  to  Captain  Newport  a  bill  of 
adventure  for  400  pounds,  and  his  son  now  desiring  order 
from  this  Court,  for  laying  out  some  part  of  the  Same, 
M""  Treasurer  was  authorized  to  write  to  Sir.  George 
Yeardley  and   the  Coun-sell  of  State  for  affecting  thereof" 


Sir  Thomas  Dale. 

Upon  the  recommendation  of  King  James,  after  the 
return  of  Sir  Thomas  Dale,  the  Netherlands  paid  him  his 
salary,  £100,  for  the  time  of  his  seven  years  absence  in 
Virginia.  Sir  Dudley  Carleton,  the  representative  of 
England  at  the  Hague,  wrote  to  Lake,  one  of  the  King's 
Secretaries,  ''Hears  that  he  [Dale]  left  the  States  service 
the  very  day  of  the  receipt  of  his  money  sans  dire  adieu, 
it  being  given  out  that  he  is  employed  into  the  East 
Indies  by  the  King's  command.  Shall  gladly  receive 
some  civil  excuse,  the  Kings  men  being  interested  both 
in  Sir  Thomas  Dale's  good  treatment  by  the  States,  and 
in  his  ill-manner  of  leavino;  their  service." 

Dale  had  married  Elizabeth,  the  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
Throckmorton,  Kt.,  of  Tatworth,  Gloucestershire,  and 
brother  of  Sir  William  Throckmorton,  Kt.,  and  Baronet. 


^  History  of  Virginia  Company,  p.  164. 


VIRGINIA    VETU8TA.  95 

The  latter  was  a  member  of  the  East  India  Company  and 
through  him  Dale  applied  for  employment.  On  the  8th 
of  October,  1617,  there  was  a  discussion  at  a  meeting  of 
the  East  India  Company  as  to  the  relative  merits  of  Sir 
Richard  Hawkins,  Sir  Thomas  Dale,  and  Capt.  William 
Parker,  suitors  for  the  place  of  chief  commander  of  their 
fleet,  and  on  the  28th  of  November,  Dale  was  appointed 
chief  at  an  annual  salary  of  .£4:80,  and  Parker  second  in 
command,  at  a  salary  of  £320. 

Before  the  ships  sailed.  Dale  was  "  informed  how  dis- 
tastefully the  Company  take  his  employing  his  money  in 
private  trade  in  the  Indies  contrary  to  his  promise  and 
bond."  Early  in  1618  the  fleet  left,  and  on  the  23d  of 
December  was  at  Jacatra,  and  on  the  2d  of  the  next 
January  had  an  engagement  with  the  Dutch  fleet,  which 
lasted  three  hours.  Dale  calls  it  "  a  cruel,  bloody  fight 
three  thousand  great  shot  fired."  In  July,  1619,  he  arrived 
at  Masulipatam  on  the  Coromandel  coast  very  sick.  He 
was  brought  ashore  to  the  East  India  Company's  house 
and  after  twenty  days,  "  with  contempt  of  death,"  he 
ceased  to  breathe,  and  a  letter  to  the  East  India  Company 
mentioned  that  his  body  "  was  enclosed  and  housed  in 
form  of  a  tomb."  He  was  succeeded  by  Captain  Martin 
Pring. 

Just  before  he  left  England,  February  20,  1617-18,  he 
made  his  will,  and  left  all  his  estate  to  his  wife,  and 
appointed  "  Sir  William  Throckmorton,  Kt.  and  Bart.,  his 
loving  brother  in  law  "  an  overseer  of  the  will. 

In  reply  to  a  demand  of  Lady  Dale,  the  East  India 
Company  on   November  4,  1623,  replied  "  The  Court  did 


96  VIRGINIA    YETUSTA, 

not  a  little  wonder  at  the  unreasonable  pretences  of  Lady- 
Dale  and  were  sorry  that  they  had  done  her  any  courtesy, 
and  in  letting  her  have  the  silk  that  came  home  on  her 
husband's  account. 

*'  It  was  said  she  reports  that  her  husband  took  £20,000 
out  of  a  Chinese  junk,  but  if  it  were  taken  it  belongs  to 
the  Company  who  employed  him ;  also  that  he  carried 
his  estate  in  money,  but  the  contrary  appears  at  his  going, 
for  he  was  so  ill  provided,  he  was  forced  to  borrow  £100 
of  the  Company ;  and  if  he  had  not  accepted  when  he  did, 
the  Company  would  not  have  employed  him  at  all,  the 
ships  being  ready  to  depart  without  him ;  it  was  affirmed 
that  many  were  so  little  desirous  he  should  go  that  they 
offered  him  £100  to  stay,  but  an  honourable  Lord,  his 
friend,  had  promised  him  to  go."  Lady  Dale*  died  childless, 
in  1640,  and  by  her  will  she  directed  her  debts  should  be 
paid  out  of  her  estate  in  the  hands  of  the  East  India 
Company.  To  her  niece  Dorothy  Throckmorton,  she  left 
five  hundred  acres  of  land  in  Virginia  ;  to  W.  Hamby,  son 
of  Richard,  all  her  land  in  Charles  Hundred,  and  to 
Richard  another  son  of  Richard,  her  lands  in  Sherley 
Hundred  in  Virginia.^ 

^  The  statemeut  on  p.  77,  History  of  Virginia  Company^  that 
Dale  was  twice  maiTied,  is  a  mistake. 

*  Captain  Conway  whose  first  wife  was  a  cousin  of  Lady  Dale,  on 
July  1,  1623,  wrote  to  his  father,  Sir  Edward  Conway,  Secretary  of 
State  to  thank  him  for  having  procured  from  the  King  a  request  to 
the'  Navy  Commissioner,  to  obtain  for  the  widow  of  Sir  Thomas 
Dale  the  lease  of  an  estate  in  the  hands  of  the  East  India  Company. 
Note  in  Aspinwall Papers,  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.,  Vol.  9,  iv.  Ser.  p.  59. 

^  Henry  Watkins,  an  overseer  of  Lady  Dale's  lands,  in  1624  was 
killed  by  the  Indians. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  97 


Sir  Thomas  Gates. 


The  wife  of  Sir  Thomas  Gates  died  1611,  while  on  the 
way  to  Virginia,  and  he  sent  his  daughters  back  the  same 
year.  In  1614  he  left  Virginia,  and  appears  to  have 
passed  most  of  his  remaining  years  in  London.  He  was 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  Virginia  Company  on 
February  2,  1619-20,  at  the  house  of  Sir  Edwin  Sandys 
near  Aldgate,  when  the  patent  to  John  Peirce  was  sealed, 
under  which  the  Puritans  of  Leyden  migrated  to  Plymouth 
Rock.  He  frequently  served  on  committees.  Sir  Dudley 
Diggesin  1621.  while  sojourning  at  Amsterdam,  in  a  letter 
to  the  English  ambassador  at  the  Hague,  sends  his  "  love 
to  the  honest  Sir  Tho's  Gates."  He  was  born  at  Colyford, 
Devonshire,  but  the  place  of  his  death  is  not  certain.^  He 
had  two  sons.  Thomas  served  in  1626  at  Cadiz,  and  in 
1627  at  Isle  of  Rhe  or  Rochelle,  where  he  was  killed  by 
a  cannon  ball,  Anthony  died  before  1637  but  his  widow 
was  then  living.  His  daughters  Mary  and  Elizabeth,  in  a 
petition  in  the  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  mention  that 
"they  were  destitute  of  means  to  relieve  their  wants," 

Captain  Samuel  Akgall. 

Captain  Samuel  Argall  returned  to  England  in  1619, 
under  a  cloud.  Camden  writes  :  "  Samuel  Argallus  qui 
Virginiae  gubernator,  Societatis  accusatus  depredationis 
repetundarum  turbarum  et  Reipublicaa  male  adrainis- 
tratae,  et  subaudi  vexillum  contra  Hispanos  explicasse." 


'  Stitb,   and  History  of    Virginia    Company,   mention  that   he 
died  in  the  East  Indies,  which  is  an  error. 
13 


98  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

He  had  not  been  long  in  London  before  he  sought  employ- 
ment from  the  East  India  Company,  but  did  not  succeed. 
Under  Sir  Robert  Mansell  in  October,  1620,  he  went  as 
captain  of  the  ''Golden  Phoenix"  in  the  fleet  against 
Algiers.  In  December,  1621,  he  again  proposed  to  enter 
the  service  of  the  East  India  Company  ;  "  some  exception 
was  taken  to  him,  but  his  reputation  was  left  untouched 
only  the  Court  conceived  a  mere  marine  man  would  be  of 
best  use  to  the  Company,  and  would  be  best  obeyed."  In 
1622  he  was  knighted  by  King  James.  Under  Sir 
Edward  Cecil  he  was  captain  of  the  flag  ship,  the  "  Sur- 
prize "  in  October,  1625,  before  Cadiz,  and  died  in  January, 
1626/     His  daughter  Anne  married  Samuel  Purcevall. 

Captaix  John  Smith. 

Captain  John  Smith,  after  he  was  sent  to  England  to 
answer  some  misdemeanors,  never  received  employment 
from  the  London  Company.  In  April,  1614,  two  ships 
from  London  arrived  at  the  "  isle  of  Monahiggan,"  the 
Master  of  one  of  which  was  Captain  Hunt,  and  of  the  other 
Michael  Cooper.  Smith  accompanied  them.  On  the  5th  of 
August,  he  had  returned  to  London,  and  four  ships  more 
were  sent  out  under  Cooper.  Smith  had  some  disagree- 
ment with  the  owners  and  in  the  "  Description  of  New 
England  alludes  to  it  in  these  words  :  "  Although  they  do 
censure  me  as  opposite  to  their  proceedings,  they  shall 
yet  still  in  all  my  words  and  deeds  find  it  is  their  error, 
not  my  fault  that  occasions  their  dislike."  He  never  saw 
the  coast  of  America  after  this  year. 

'  For  other  notices  see  History  of  Virginia  Company. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  99 

In  1618  he  sent  to  Lord  Bacon,  always  anxious  to 
make  money,  a  letter,  with  a  "  Description  of  New 
England,"  which  contained  these  sentences  :  "  I  desyre  y*"^ 
Honor  would  be  pleased  to  grace  me  with  the  title  of  y°'" 
L'ds  servant.  Not  that  I  desyre  to  stand  vpp  the  rest  of 
my  dayes  in  the  chamber  of  ease  and  idleness,  but  that 
thereby  I  may  be  better  countenanced  for  the  prosecution 
of  my  voyage." 

Bacon  may  have  listened  to  his  proposition.  In  the 
Fortescue  Papers  there  is  a  letter  from  Robert,  Lord  Rich, 
the  new  Earl  of  Warwick^  dated  Dec.  11,  1618,  in  which 
are  these  words  "  We  cannot  yet  hear  of  Capt.  Smith  but 
my  Lord  Chancellor  and  I  have  written  to  Sir  F.  Gorges 
and  Sir  Thomas  Mai'ke  to  stay  his  bark  and  himself" 

From  this  period  he  lived  seeking  a  patron  but  with 
little  success,  and  in  1626  published  his  "True  Travels, 
Adventures  and  Observations"  a  most  entertaining  work, 
which  was  read  as  much  as  the  adventures  of  Thomas 
Coryat^  who  in  1618  had  died. 


^  Created  in  1618,  and  died  in  March,  1618-19. 

^  Coryat  in  1608  walked  over  France,  Germany  and  Italy  in  one 
pair  of  shoes,  which  upon  his  return  were  hung  up  in  the  church  at 
Odcomhe.  In  1611  he  published  an  account  of  his  travels  with  the 
title  "Coryat's  Crudities."  The  book  was  prefaced  by  sixty  pieces 
of  "  mock  commending  verses  "  by  Ben  Jonson  and  other  poets.  In 
1612  after  a  speech  in  the  street,  at  Odcombe,  he  started  on  a  ten 
years  ramble,  and  in  1617  died  at  Surat.  He  did  not  cut  off  three 
Turks'  heads,  as  one  who  seems  to  have  stepped  in  his  shoes,  but  he 
wrote  "  that  he  saw  men  have  their  eyes  pulled  out  and  their 
tongues  cut  off,  which  before  an  idol  were  speedily  returned  again." 
After  his  death,  a  friend  wrote  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  that  he  had 


100  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

On  the  21st  of  June,  1631,  he  died  and  was  buried  at 
St.  Sepulchres  Church  in  London,  which  stood  next  to  the 
old  ruin  with  the  sign  of  the  Saracen's  Head.  In  his  last 
days  Sir  Samuel  Saltonstall,  Kt.,  had  befriended  him. 
Wye  the  son  of  Samuel,  an  Oxford  graduate,  in  1635,  pub- 
lished a  translation  of  History  of  (lie  World  by  Hondius 
and  placed  therein  a  portrait  of  Captain  John  Smith. 


"  left  enough  written  to  fill  the  world  with  new  relations  ;  and  to 
have  made  any  printer  an  alderman." 


CHAPTER  X. 


TRANSPORTATION  OF  THE  WORTHLESS  :  AND  POOR  CHILDREN 

TO  VIRGINIA. 


ROM  the  beginning  of  the  plantation  in  Virginia 
it  had  been  the  policy  of  the   Company  to  send 
thither  poor  children,  and  those  of  age  who  did 
not  stand  well  in  England.     Among  the  papers 
William,    Lord    Howard,    published    by    the    Surtees 


of 


Society  is  this  memorandum  : 

"  His  Maiestie  propounded  at  New  Castle  that  such  as 
weare  now  to  be  transplanted  should  be  sent  to  Virginia. 
Transplantation  weare  not  necessary  of  all  such  as  have 
been  known  heretofore  to  have  been  offenders,  as  nowe 
are  suspected  to  be  actor,  rece'etors,  or  abettors :  that  the 
service  might  be  sincerely  put  in  execution,  which  formerly 
hath  not  been,  but  barbarous  offenders  have  been  winked 
at,  and  innocent  soules  either  out  of  private  spleene,  or 
for  greedy  gaine  have  been  sent  awaie. 

"  Such  a  service  partially  performed  is  not  pleasing  to 
God,  acceptable  to  his  Majestic,  or  beneficiall  to  this 
countrie.  An  account  is  desired  of  500^  collection  of  the 
countrie  for  the  last  transportation  was  bestowed." 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  sending  away  of  some  to 
Viriiinia  led  to  their  moral  reformation,  and  their  becom- 


102  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

ing  ornaments  and  blessings  to  the   Colony.     Among  the 
English  State  Papers  are  found  these  notices. 

At  the  Privy  Council  Chamber,  White  Hall  on  the  13th 
of  July,  1617  there  was  issued  "  an  open  warrant  for  the 
reprieve  of  Christopher  Potley,  Roger  Powell,  Sapcot 
Molineux,  Thomas  Middleton  and  Thomas  Crouchley 
prisoners  in  Oxford  Goal,  and  to  deliver  them  unto  Sir 
Thomas  Smyth,  Kt.  to  be  transported  to  Virginia  or  other 
parts  beyond  the  seas." 

At  Hampton  Court,  the  last  of  September,  1617,  there 
was  granted  "  an  open  warrant  for  the  reprieving  of 
James  Knott^  out  of  the  prison  of  Newgate,  being  convict 
of  felony  and  to  deliver  him  to  Sir  Thomas  Smith,"  etc. 

Bridget  Gray  on  July  19,  1618,  informed  the  Privy 
Council  that  her  grandson,  John  Throckmorton,  was  in 
Newgate  for  stealing  a  hat  worth  six  shillings,  his  first 
offense,  that  he  had  been  incited  by  Robert  Whisson,  an 
old  thief  who  had  been  hanged  and  she  begs  that  he  may 
be  delivered  to  Sir  Thomas  Smith  and  be  sent  beyond  the 
seas.^ 

In  September,  1622,  John  Carter,  a  poor  distressed 
prisoner  convicted  of  stealing  a  horse,  asks  to  be  sent  to 
Virginia,  and  this  year  Eleanor  Phillips  agreed  to  take 


^  Knott  arrived  when  he  was  about  eighteen  years  of  age  in  the 
ship  George,  and  became  the  servant  of  Charles  Harmon,  a  trader 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  member  of  Virginia 
Assembly. 

^  A  John  Throckmorton  about  eighteen  years  of  age,  in  1618 
arrived  in  Virginia,  in  the  ship  "  William  and  Thomas." 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  103 

to  Virginia  at  her  own  charges  one  Dan.  Francke,  a 
reprieved  malefactor.^ 

On  the  13th  of  January,  1618-19,  the  King  writes  from 
New  Market  to  Sir  Thomas  Smith  "  that  the  Count  had 
lately  been  troubled  with  divers  idle  young  people,  who 
though  twice  punished,  still  continued  to  follow  the  same 
employment.  His  Majesty  having  no  other  course  to 
cleanse  the  country  from  them  had  thought  fit  to  send 
them  to  him,  if  they  might  be  sent  to  Virginia,  and  set 
to  work  there. "^ 

The  proceedings  of  the  Virginia  Company  show  that 
the  Colonists  were  willing  to  receive  these  persons.^ 

Capt.  John  Damyron  of  the  ship  '•  Duty  "  brought  over 
a  number  of  these,  and  George  Sandys  in  one  of  his 
letters  alludes  to  the  "  Duty  boys  "  who  had  been  put  to 
work. 

Stith,  the  President  of  William  and  Mary  College,  and 
Historian  of  Virginia,  writes'*  "  And  I  cannot  but  remark 
how  early  that  custom   arose   of  transporting  loose   and 


'  At  tliis  time  there  was  also  a  disposition  to  kidnap  girls. — On 
the  13th  of  Nov.,  1618,  Francis  Prewe,  a  constable,  deposed  that 
Owen  Evans,  a  messenger  of  the  Chamber,  ordered  hirn  to  impress 
maidens.  John  Watts  also  testified  that  Evans  gave  him  ten  shillings 
to  press  four  maidens  for  Virginia. 

"^  Luttrell  in  his  Diary  under  date  of  November,  1692,  writes: 
"  That  a  ship  lay  in  Leith  going  for  Virginia,  on  board  which  the 
Magistrates  had  ordered  50  lewd  women  out  of  the  houses  of  cor- 
rection, and  30  other  who  walked  the  streets  after  10  at  night." 

*  History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp.  154,  162,  169. 

*  History  of  Virginia.  Printed  by  William  Parks,  Williamsburg, 
1748,  p.  168. 


104  VIRGINIA    VETUHTA. 

dissolute  persons  to  Virginia,  as  a  place  of  punishment 
and  disgrace,  which  although  orginally  designed  for  the 
advancement  and  increase  of  the  Colony,  yet  has  certainly 
proved  a  great  prejudice  and  hindrance  to  its  growth.  For 
it  hath  laid  one  of  the  finest  countries  in  British  North 
America,  under  the  unjust  scandal  of  being  a  Hell  upon 
Earth,  another  Siberia,  and  only  fit  for  the  reception  of 
malefactors  and  the  vilest  of  the  people." 


CHAPTER  XI. 

AFFAIRS  OF  THE  NORTHERN  COLONY. 

Voyage  of  Edward  Brawnde.     Puritan  Colonists  intended 
FOR  THE  Southern  Colony,  settle  at  Plymouth,  Mass. 

HE  Northern  or  Second  Colony  of  Virginia,  only 
excited  an  interest  among  a  few  persons  in  and 
around  Plymouth,  England.     In  August,  1607, 
a  Colony  was  begun  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kenne- 
bec River,  but  the  next  spring  was  abandoned. 

After  the  return  of  these  colonists  to  England,  several 
years  passed  without  any  effort  to  settle  in  the  northern 
plantation,  although  voyages  were  frequently  made  to 
procure  fish. 

In  1614,  Capt.  John  Smith  visited  the  north  Atlantic 
coast,  and  from  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  and  his  few 
associates  obtained  the  title  of  Admiral  of  New  England, 
although  he  never  again  reached  that  coast. 

In  1615,  Sir  Richard  Hawkins  was  appointed  by  the 
Council  of  the  second  Colony,  President  of  the  plantation, 
and  left  for  his  post  in  October  of  that  year. 

Among  the  Cottonian  MSS.  of  the  British  Museum,  is 
the  following  report  of  Capt.  Edward  Brawnde,  which  was 
discovered  by  the  writer  several  years  ago.  Owing  to 
the  original  having  been  injured  by  a  fire,  which  occurred 
one  hundred  and  fifty  years  since,  some  lines  are  partially 
14 


V 


106  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

destroyed.  It  was  probably  written  in  1616,  and  directed 
"to  his  worthye  good  friend  Captayne  John  Smith, 
admerall  of  New  England." 

Brawnde's  Voyage  to  Kennebec. 

"We   had   a   conuenent  wind    to  Manhegin for  it 

pleased  God  to  derictt  him  there and  after  hauinge 

ended  his  voyage  in departted  the  harbor  of  Man- 
hegin the  22  July there  was  another  ship  called 

the   Blessing  of whereof  one   Arther  hitchens  was 

Mr  wichh  departed  out  of  plim  [outh]  last  of  January  and 

havinge  a  contrery  passedge  did  not  arive the 

country  before  the  first  of  Maye  or  the  last  of  Aprill  and 

si wasted   her  salt  was  a  means  of 

hendering  of  her  voyage  she  cam 

the  country  the  22  of  July  bounde  for  England  and  arived 
the  27  of  August. 

And  a  shipp  called    the    daved   of  Plimouth  whereof 
one  John  Mintren  Master  being  of  the  burthen  of  120 

tunnes  and  departed  out  of  plimouth  about 

the  midds  of  February  and  ariuedinto  thecountrye 

about  the  5  or  6  daye  of  Aprell,  she  hath  made  a  good 
voyage  and  departed  the  countrye  the  21  of  July  bound 
for  England  and  ariued  in  Plimouth  the  first  of  September. 

There  was  also  a  shipp  of  London  called  the ,  of 

the  burthen  of  200  whereof  one  Edward  Brawnde  was 
M'r  wich  departed  outt  of  darttmouth  the  8  of  Marche 
and  fell  in  with  Sodquin  the  20  of  Aprell  &  was  harboured 
in  Manhegin  the  24  of  Aprell  and  hauing  his  boatts 
detayned  by  Sir  R'd  Hookins  was  constrayned  to  build 
all  his  boats  &  having  great  store  of  trade  his  voyage  was 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  107 

very  much  damnified,  yett  eusing  his  best  endeavor  he 
and  his  companye  made  wth  in  litell  of  anny  voyage.     * 

*     *     *     *     M'r  Brawnde  came  out  of  Manhegin 

the  21  of  July  and  left  his  pinness  in  the  countrye  being 
bound  about  Cape  Cod  for  the  discovery  of  sertayne  perell 
wich  is  told  by  the  Sauvages  to  be  there. 

M'r  Brawnde  arived  there  the  28  of  August 

the    admerall    arrived    into    England 

Auguste,  the  other  arrived  about  the  5  or  6  of  September. — 

To  all  whome  this  doth  concerne,  this  is  to  be  sertifyed 

Ther  ar  greet  voyages  to  be  made  in  New  Englande 

upon  fish  take  the  times  of  the  yeere  and  likewise  upon 
ferrs  so  far  as  [they]  be  not  spoyled  by  the  meanes  of 
towe  many  factors  ther.  *  *  *  j  ^^y^  engage  myselfe 
and  men  to  loade  a  shippe  of  200  betweene  the  first  of 
Marche  and  the  [The  letter  here,  in  sentences  nearly 
destroyed,  states  that  a  ship  commanded  by  Wm.  West 
arrived,  and  also  the  Triall  at  a  later  period.]  midds  of 
June,  for  in  Marche  Aprill  and  Maye  is  the  best  time  of 
making  of  drye  fish.  A  shippe  that  will  carye  400,000 
New  Friesland  fyshe  will  nott  carye  above  7  or  8  score 
from  New  Englande. 

the  countrye  is  good  and  a  healthhye  clemett.  for 
ought  that  I  can  se  or  understand  the  sauveges  area 
gen  tell  natured  peopell  and  frequent  the  Englishe  vere 
much,  the  countrye  is  worthye  of  prayes  and  if  I  were 
of  abbilitye  and  able  to  venture  I  would  venture  that 
waye  as  soone  as  ayne  waye  in  anye  countrye  that  yieldeth 
such  comodityes  as  that  doth,  though  my  meanes  be  not 
able  to  venture  yet   my   life  and  labour  is   willing  and 


108 


VIRGINIA   VUTUSTA. 


industrious  att  the  uttmost  of  my  power. 


The  Mr  is 

his  chief  mate 

The  second  mate 

The  owner  'o'  shippe 

The  M'rchantt 

The  bosone 

The  gonner  and  pilott  his 

matt 
The  bosone's  matt 
The  quarter  m'rter's  is 


The  steward 
The  cooks. 


Edward  Braund 
John  Bennett 
Briane  Tocker 
William  Treedell 
John  Edwards 
John  hille 
William  Gayneye 
James  Farre 
John  downe 
Nicholas  Collins 
Thomas  Weber 
John  Barrens 
Hennery  Batteshill 
John  Brinnelcome 
Nicholas  Head  & 


John  Hutten 

Some  of  the  comen  mens  names  are 

John  Wiles 
Phillip  Wiles 
Thomas  Roberts 
John  Hept 
Thomas  Tobbe 

I  hope  I  need  not  writt  enye  more  of  ray  mens  names. 

So  I  end  comending  all  wishes  and  good  adventures  in 
this  voyage  to  pr'tection  of  the  Almighty     I  rest 

Your  lovino;  friend 


Edward  Brawne." 


To  his  worthye  good  frend  ^ 
Captayne  John  Smith         > 
admerall  of  New  England  J 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  109 

Sir  Richard  Hawkins^  (Hookins)  alluded  to  in  the  report 
did  not  remain  long  on  the  coast,  but  writes  Gorges  : 
"  From  thence  he  passed  along  the  coast  to  Virginia,  and 
stayed  there  some  time,  and  took  his  next  course  for 
Spain," 

Sir  William  Alexander  in  1624,  writes,  that  "  about 
four  years  [ago]  a  ship  going  for  Virginia  came  by  chance 
to  harbor  in  the  south-west  part  of  New  England."  This 
was  the  ship  sent  out  by  John  Pierce  and  associates  under 
a  patent  sealed  February  2,  1619-20,  by  the  London 
Company,  and  containing  the  Puritan*^  colonists  from 
Leydon.^  Gorges  referring  to  the  landing  of  the  Puritans 
at  Plymouth  Rock,  mentions  that  "  after  they  had  well 
considered  the  state  of  their  affairs,  and  found  that  the 
authority  they  had  from  the  Company  of  Virginia  could 
not  warrant  their  abode  in  that  place  which  they  found 
so  prosperous  and  pleasing  to  them,  took  steps  to  obtain  a 
grant  from  the  Council  of  New  England.'* 


^  Son  of  Sir  John,  In  1599  was  a  prisoner  in  Spain  having  been 
captured  in  South  American  waters.  After  his  release  was  Vice- 
Adrairal  of  County  Devon.  In  1615  made  President  of  North 
Colony. 

^  It  was  complained  that  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  was  too  favorable  to 
the  Puritans.  In  the  Manchester  Papers  there  is  a  MS.  note  that 
Sir  Edwin  Sandys  was  opposed  to  monarchical  government  in 
general,  and  had  moved  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  "  to  give 
leave  to  the  Brownists  and  Separatists  to  go  to  Virginia  and 
designed  to  make  a  free  popular  State  there,  and  himself  and  his 
assured  friends  to  be  the  leaders." 

^History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp.  129,  130. 
*Ibid,  p.  133. 


CHAPTER  XII. 


THE  ADMINISTRATION  OF  GOVERNOR  YEARDLEY. 

Meeting    of    First    Legislature.      Introduction    of    Negro 

Slavery. 

[EORGE  Yeardley  was  the  first  person  elected 
Governor  of  Virginia  who  had  actual  experience 
as  a  planter.  He  was  "  a  soldier  truly  bred  in 
the  University  of  War  in  the  Low  Countries/' 
and  in  1610  arrived  in  the  "  Deliverance,"  at  Jamestown, 
with  Gates  and  Somers,  and  proved  himself  loyal  to  the 
King  and  true  to  the  interests  of  the  Colony.  He  was 
first  placed  in  command  of  a  stockade  near  the  site  of 
Fortress  Monroe,  and  in  1616  when  Sir  Thomas  Dale 
returned  to  England,  acted  as  Governor  until  Argall 
arrived  in  1617  duly  commissioned.  He  visited  England 
in  1618  with  his  wife,  who  in  1609  had  come  to  Virginia, 
and  brought  back  evidences  of  his  personal  prosperity. 
Pory  writes  to  a  friend,  that  "  the  Governor  here  who  at 
his  first  coming,  besides  a  great  deal  of  worth  in  his  per- 
son, brought  only  his  sword  with  him,  was  at  his  late 
being  in  London,  together  with  his  lady,  out  of  his  mere 
gettings  here,  able  to  disburse  very  near  three  thousand 
pounds  to  furnish  him  with  the  voyage." 

The   presence  of  such   a   person   in   London,  when   the 
intelligence  came  that  Lord  Delaware  had  died   on    his 


VIRGINIA    VETTISTA.  \\\ 

return  to  Virginia,  led  the  merchants  of  the  Company 
wisely  to  choose  him,  as  the  next  Governor.  It  was  a 
disappointment  to  the  office  seekers  around  the  court 
eagerly  waiting  for  the  crumbs  of  patronage,  and  a  letter 
written  because  the  new  Governor  had  been  a  poor  officer, 
and  brother  of  Ralph  Yeardley,  the  Apothecary  at  the 
sign  of  the  Artichoke  in  Wood  Street,  called  him  a  "  mean 
fellow "  who  after  his  appointment,  and  being  knighted, 
flaunted  it  "  up  and  down  the  street  in  extraordinary 
bravery,  with  fourteen  or  fifteen  liveries  after  him." 
Whatever  may  have  been  the  motive,  this  walking  about 
the  streets  of  London  called  the  attention  of  the  populace 
to  Virginia,  and  promoted  immigration. 

While  elected  in  November,  1618,  he  did  not  sail  from 
the  Thames  until  the  following  January,  and  owing  to 
adverse  weather,  it  was  the  19th  of  April,  before  the  ship 
reached  Jamestown.  Measures  were  soon  taken  in  accord- 
ance with  his  instructions,  to  convene  the  first  assembly  of 
legislators  in  North  America,  consisting  of  two  Burgesses 
from  each  plantation,  freely  elected  by  the  people. 

While  the  majority  of  the  colonists  with  difficulty 
earned  their  bread,  yet  a  few  had  accumulated  more  than 
enough  for  daily  subsistence,  and  there  was  manifested 
the  disposition  of  vulgar,  prosperous  people,  for  display. 
Pory  the  speaker  of  the  first  Legislature,  wrote  soon  after 
its  adjournment  to  Sir  Dudley  Carleton  :  "  Your  Lordship 
may  know  that  we  are  not  the  veriest  beggars  in  the 
World.  One  cow  keeper  here  in  James  City,  on  Sunday 
goes  accoutred  in  fresh,  flaming  silk,  and  a  wife  of  one 
that  in  England  had  professed  the  black  art,  not  of  a 
scholar,  but  a  collier  of  Croyden,  wears  her  rough  beaver 


112  VIRGINIA    VETU8TA. 

hat  with  a  fair  pearl  hat-band,  and  a  silken  suit  thereto 
correspondent." 

If  half  of  the  witty  Pory's  words  were  true,  it  was  good 
policy  for  the  Legislature  which  convened  in  July,  1619, 
to  enact  "  that  every  man  be  cessed  in  the  churches  for 
all  public  contributions,  if  he  be  unmarried  according  to 
his  own  apparel ;  if  he  be  married,  according  to  his  own, 
wife's,  or  either  of  their  apparel."  During  the  first  five 
months  of  Yeardley's  administration  eleven  ships  arrived 
at  Jamestown,  "  freighted  more  with  ignorance  than  any 
other  merchandize." 

The  Introduction  of  Negro  Slaves. 

When  Argall,  a  friend  and  kinsman  of  Sir  Thomas 
Smith,  in  1618,  hastily  returned  from  Virginia,  Camden, 
and  others,  heard  it  whispered  that  he  had  sent  a  ship 
to  the  Spanish  West  Indies  on  an  errand  not  commend- 
able. This  ship  was  the  "  Treasurer "  Captain  Daniel 
Elff-id^,  and  had  been  sent  to  Argall  when  he  was  Gover- 
nor, by  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  and  it  had  been  despatched 
to  the  West  Indies  from  Jamestown  '•''  ostensibly  for  salt 
and  goats,"  but  it  brought  back  negroes  and  booty .^  It 
roved  in  company  with  a  Holhind  vessel,  under  Capt.  Kerby 
that  had  a  letter  of  marque  from  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
The  Captains  of  these  two  ships  came  back  from  the 
Spanish  West  Indies,  to  Virginia  in  the  summer  of  1619, 
and  Rolfe  as  quoted  by  Smith,  writes  "  About  the  last  of 
August  came  in  a  Dutch  man  of  war  that  sold  us  twenty 
negroes."     Upon   September    30,  1619,  while  this  Dutch 


Also  written  Elfritb  and  Elfreys. 
See  Appendix. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  113 

ship  was  at  Jamestown,  John  Pory,  Secretary  of  the 
Colony,  wrote  to  Dudley  Carle  ton  :  "  The  occasion  of  this 
ship's  coming  hither  was  an  accidental  consortship  in  the 
West  Indies  with  the  Treasurer,  an  English  man  of  warre, 
also  licensed  by  a  Commission  from  the  Duke  of  Savoye 
to  take  Spaniards  as  lawful  prize.  This  ship,  the  Treas- 
urer went  out  of  England  in  April  was  twelvemoneth, 
[1618]  about  a  moneth  I  thinke,  before  any  peace  was 
concluded  between  the  King  of  Spaine  &  that  prince. 
Hither  she  came  to  Captaine  Argall,  then  governour  of 
this  Colony,  being  parte  owner  of  her,  Hee  more  for 
love  of  gaine,  the  root  of  all  evil,  then  for  any  true  love 
he  bore  this  Plantation  victualled  and  maned  her  anewe, 
and  sent  her  with  the  same  Commission  to  rauage  the 
West  Indies." 

The  Flemish  ship  of  war  sailed  from  Jamestown  for 
England,  Marmaduke  Rayner^,  an  Englishman,  being  its 
pilot.  On  its  way  to  Virginia  it  had  touched  at  the 
Bermudas  and  Capt.  Kerby  presented  fourteen  negroes  to 
Governor  Kendall  in  return  for  supplies. 

The  "  Treasurer "  reached  the  Bermudas  toward  the 
close  of  1619,  and  John  Dutton,  a  kinsman,  writes  to  the 
Earl  of  Warwick^  that  it    brought  twenty-nine  negroes 


'  Marmaduke  Rayner  was  well  known  in  Virginia  and  had  made 
an  exploration  in  North  Carolina. — History  of  Virgmia  Gompany^ 
pp.  175,  220,  402. 

*  Sir  Robert  Rich,  the  first  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  already  under 
suspicion  of  doing  questionable  things  for  tlie  sake  of  money.  Two 
of  his  ships  trading  near  the  Red  Sea,  surprised  and  took  a  vessel 
belonging  to  the  mother  of  the  Great  Mogul.  Capt  Martin  Pring 
General  of  the  East  India  Company's  fleet,  took  the  prize  away  from 
15 


114  VIE  GIN  I A   VETUSTA. 

from  Virginia,  and  mentions :  "  It  was  Capt.  Argall's 
unwarranted  boldness  to  use  his  Lordship's  name,  as  a 
bolster  to  his  unwarrantable  actions." 

The  "  Treasurer"  being  no  longer  sea- worthy,  Smith 
writes  "  stark  rotten,"  the  crew  were  here  dismissed  and 
the  cannon  taken  oat.  Governor  Butler  was  told  by 
some  of  the  sailors  that  half  of  the  fourteen  negroes  left 
by  the  Dutch  ship  "  were  never  of  the  Treasurer's  com- 
pany, but  were  stolen  from  one  Youpe  a  Dutchman." 
Butler  wrote  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick  that  as  many  "  of 
the  Treasurers  people "  as  visited  it  were  allowed  to  go 
home,  but  that  they  were  "  dangerous  tongued  fellows " 
and  had  "  given  out  secretly  that  if  they  were  not  paid 
to  their  utmost  penny  of  wages,  they  would  go  to  the 
Spanish  Ambassador,  and  tell  all." 

As  soon  as  Governor  Yeardley  arrived  as  Argall's  suc- 
cessor in  Virginia,  he  wrote  to  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  the  head 
of  the  London  Company,  that  it  was  supposed  that  the 
"  Treasurer  "  had  "  gone  to  rob  the  King  of  Spain's  subjects 
in  the  West  Indies  by  direction  from  my  Lord  of  War- 
wick." 

The  information  was  presented  to  the  King's  Council 
for  Virginia,  who  after  deliberation  determined  to  blot 
out  the  name  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick  ;  and  Sir  Edwin 


the  captors,  brought  it  to  Surat  and  restored  it  to  tlie  owner. 
Abbot,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  on  Feb.  19,  1619,  wrote  to  Sir 
Thomas  Roe,  about  Lord  Rich  having  been  before  the  King  and 
Council  relative  to  his  piratical  ships  in  the  East  Indies  and  uses 
these  words :  "  I  think  he  was  so  handled  amongst  us,  that  you  shall 
hear  no  more  of  him  there." — Cat.  State  Papers  East  India  Series^ 
1619-21,  p.   248. 


VIRGINIA    VETTI8TA.  115 

Sandys,  Earl  of  Southampton  and  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich,  a 
relation  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  went  with  the  case  to  the 
Privy  Council,  but  through  the  influence  of  Warwick  the 
business  was  dismissed  without  prejudice  to  Argall,  but  in 
the  Spring  of  1620^  the  Company  received  another  letter 
from  Governor  Yeardley  informing  them  that  the  "  Treas- 
urer "  had  returned  to  Virginia,  and  "  having  cold  enter- 
tainment they  soon  departed  in  a  very  distressed  state, 
leaving  one  principal  member  of  their  company,  a  master's 
mate  or  lieutenant  behind  them,  which  man  the  Governor 
there  examined  upon  his  oath,  who  though  it  were  to  the 
endangering  of  his  own  life,  confessed  that  they  had  been 
robbing  the  Spaniard  in  the  West  Indies." 

Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  as  soon  as  he  received  this  communi- 
cation, called  together  the  Council  of  the  Virginia  Company 
and  recommended  that  information  should  be  given  to  the 
Privy  Council,  and  also  to  the  Spanish  Ambassador.  The 
result  was  much  ill  feeling  upon  the  part  of  Warwick 
toward  Sandys,  which  was  for  a  time  allayed,  and  it  was 
proposed  that  "  all  parties  anyways  interested  in  these 
differences  particularly  L.  Sou  [thampton]  my  L.  W 
[arwick]  Sir  Ed.  S  [andj^-s]  "  and  others  should  "  at  some 
church  in  London,  receive  the  communion  together  in 
confirmation  of  mutual  accord." 

The  negroes  of  the  "  Treasurer  "  were  a  cause  of  trouble 
as  late  as  1623.  In  Lefroys  Bermudas  is  the  following 
order  of  Governor  Harrison  to  the  Sheriff : 


^  These  statements  are  found  in  Appendix  to  Eighth  Report  of 
Royal  Commission  on  Historical  Manuscripts. 


116 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 


"  Whereas  there  hathe  byn  a  cause  determined  before 
the  councell  touching  14  negroes,  to  be  brought  &  reladed 
to  Cap**""  Daniell  Elfrgy  &  the  seamen  of  his  Company. 
W*^^  negroes  are  not  yet  disposed  of  according  to  the  coun- 
cells  direcons  in  that  behalfe.  Theise  are  therefore  to 
require  you  that  ymediatly  after  the  receipt  hereof  you 
inquire  and  make  diligent  searche  for  all  those  negroes 
that  belong  vnto  the  Earle  of  Warwicke  w*^*"  have  byn 
brought  into  theis  parts  by  Capt.  Kerby  and  Cap^*'°  Elfrey, 
and  there  found,  to  cause  to  be  disposed  accordinge  to  the 
councells  said  determynacon  for  the  generallity  &  the  sea- 
men of  Capt.  Elfreys  said  Company." 

In  Virginia,  in  1625,  there  had  been  no  increase  in  the 
number  of  negroes. 


Virginia  Slaveholders,  February,  1625. 


Owner 

Capt.  W.  Pierce 
Sir  George  Yeardley 

li  a  a 

Eichard  Kingswell 
Abraham  Piersey 
Edward  Bennett 
Capt.  Francis  West 
"      William  Tucker 


Place  Negroes 

Jamestown     Angelo,  woman,  from 
ship  "  Treasurer" 
"  Five  men 

"  Three  women 

"  Edward 

Four  men 
Wariscoyak     Antonio  and  Mary 
Elizabeth  City  John  Pedro 

"         "    Anthony,  wife  Isabel, 

and  child  William. 

Total  of  "  Negros  "  20. 


^  Kendall  went  to  England   and   claimed,  that  the  negroes  had 
been  given  to  him,  in  return  for  supplies  furnished  Kerby.     "  About 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  117 

Ships  for  Virginia,  1620-21. 

During  Yeardley's  administration,  the  Earl  of  South- 
ampton, as  Governor  of  the  London  Company,  issued  a 
statement  of  three  printed  pages,  called 

^'  A  note  of  the  shipping  and  provisions  sent  and 
provided  for  Virginia  by  the  Earl  of  Southampton  and 
the  Company,  this  year  1620."^ 

Between  August,  1620,  and  March  1620-21,  the  Com- 
pany had  sent  out  the  ships  "  Bona  Nova,"  the  "  Eliza- 
beth," the  "  May  Flower,"  the  "  Supply  of  Bristol,"  the 
"  Margaret  and  John,"  and  the  "  Abigail." 

The  "  May  Flower  "  Capt.  Thomas  Jones,  did  not  reach 
the  southern  Colony,  but  landed  its  Leyden  and  Puritan 
immigrants  in  the  north  Colony.  The  "  Margaret  and 
John  "  called  by  sailors  the  "  Black  Hodge  "  was  of  160 
tons  burthen,  and  carried  eight  iron  cannon  and  a  falcon. 
She  sailed  for  Virginia,  Anthony  Chester,  Captain,  early 
in  February,  1619-20,  with  eighty  passengers.  Near 
an  isle  in  the  Spanish  West  Indies  on  March  19,  1620- 
21,  it  had  a  fight  with  two  Spanish  men  of  war;  and 
Dr.  Lawrence  Bohun,  the  physician  of  the  Colony,  returning 
to  Virginia,  was  killed. 


midsummer  in  1622"  the  Somers  Island  Company  "taking  con- 
sideration of  the  wrong  done  to  Captain  Kendall ;  and  the  Earl  of 
Warwick  referring  the  claim  to  the  judgment  of  the  Court,  it  was 
ordered  that  nine  of  said  negroes  should  be  delivered  to  Captain 
Kendall,  and  the  rest  to  be  consigned  to  the  Companys'  use."  Not- 
withstanding this,  the  E;irl  of  Warwick  wrote  to  his  agent,  not  to 
deliver  the  negroes,  and  the  restitution  was  deferred. 

^The  year  O.  S.  ending  March  24,  1620-21. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

GOVERNOR  WYATT'S  ADMINISTRATION. 

The   Massacre.      Sickness  and   Famine.     Letters  of    Georob 
Sandys.     Lapy  Wyatt.     William  Capps. 

T  his  own  request  Governor  Yeardley  was  re- 
lieved^  and  in  October,  1621,  Sir  Francis  Wyatt^, 
his  successor,  arrived  at  Jamestown. 

During  the  first  year  of  his  term  of  office  the  Colony 
increased  in  prosperity.  Of  the  nine  ships  sent  out  in 
1621-22,  with  eight  hundred  passengers,  all  arrived  safely, 
but  one ;  and  for  the  one  who  died  on  the  voyage,  there 
was  one  birth.  Steps  were  taken  to  reduce  the  excessive 
planting  of  tob<icco,  and  improve  its  quality  ;  an  order 
was  given  for  the  raising  of  corn.  Iron  works  under  the 
supervision  of  John  Berkely  of  Beverstone  Castle,  Glou- 
cestershire, were  established  at  Falling  Creek,  where,  wrote 


^  A  petition  was  sent  to  the  King's  Council  for  Virginia  from 
many  of  the  first  personal  adventurers  and  planters,  willing  and 
ready  to  prepare  themselves  to  go  there  again  with  families,  sug- 
gesting that  a  nobleman  like  the  late  Lord  De  la  Warr  might  be 
sent  as  Governor.  It  was  signed  by  Sir  Thos.  Gates,  Capt.  Francis 
West,  Samuel  Argall,  Daniel  Tucker,  Robert  Beheathland,  Laurence 
Bohun,  Roger  Smith,  and  Ensign  James  Swift. 

^  Notice  of  Wyatt,  see  History  of  Virginia  Company^  p.  204. 


VIRGINIA    VJETUISTA.  119 

George  Sandys,  "  Nature  had  applied  herself  to  the  wish 
and  direction  of  the  workmen." 

But  adversity  soon  clouded  this  prosperity.  The 
Indians  on  the  22d  of  March,  1621-22,  suddenly  attacked 
the  white  settlements,  and  killed  about  three  hundred 
and  fifty  of  the  Colonists,  and  amonsr  others  John  Berkeley, 
George  Thorpe  and  Nathaniel  Powell,  valuable  men. 

Plantations  were  deserted  through  fear,  and  the  next 
year  but  little  attention  was  given  to  raising  the  necessa- 
ries of  life,  and  the  survivors  were  desponding  and  dis- 
posed to  murmur.  The  new  immigrants  who  arrived 
were  not  properly  clothed,  nor  provided  with  subsistence, 
and  in  a  few  months  many  were  on  the  verge  of  starvation. 

George  Sandys,  the  treasurer  of  the  Colony,  wrote  to 
Deputy  Ferrar  that  Sir  William  Newce^  in  October,  1622, 
had  come  "  with  a  very  few  of  weak  and  unservicable 
people,  ragged,  and  with  not  above  a  fortnight's  provision, 
some  bound  for  three  years,  a  few  f  »r  five,  and  most,  upon 
wages."  Newce  died  in  a  short  time,  and  Sandys  mentions 
that  for  the  five  men  which  should  have  been  delivered 
to  him,  he  was  glad  to  receive  "  a  page  dead,  before 
delivered,  and  "  another  little  boy  hardly  worth  his 
victuals." 


^  Newce  had  served  as  a  captain  against  the  Spaniards  at  Kiusale, 
and  was  one  of  the  Englisli  colonists  in  Ireland.  Captain  Sir 
William  Newce  was  in  1613  chosen  the  first  Mayor  of  Bandon. 
He  laid  out  a  town  opposite  Bandon  called  Ne wee's  Town  and  the 
conjecture  that  Newport,  Va.  was  first  called  Newce's  Port  may  be 
true.  In  April,  1621,  he  offered  to  plant  a  Colony  in  Vix-ginia.  His 
relative,  Thomas  Newce,  was  a  Councillor,  and  he  was  Marshal  of 
Virginia. 


120  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

The  wife  of  Governor  Wyatt,  Margaret,  the  daughter  ot 
Sir  Samuel  Sandys^,  and  niece  of  the  treasurer  of  the 
Colony,  came  to  Virginia  in  the  ship  "  Abigail,"  which 
with  the  "  Furtherance  "  cast  anchor  about  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1623,  before  Jamestown.  In  a  letter  dated 
April  4,  1623,  she  wrote  to  a  sister  :  "  That  the  ship  in 
which  she  had  gone  over  had  been  so  pestered  with 
people  and  goods  *  *  *  go  full  of  infection,  that 
after  a  while  they  saw  little  but  throwing  folks  over- 
board." The  ship  was  so  full  that  she  could  not  have  a 
cabin  to  herself  The  ''  Captain  seemed  to  be  troubled  at 
it,  and  laid  all  the  fault  on  the  two  Mr.  Ferrars,  and  to 
make  the  people  amends,  died  himself.  The  beer  stunk 
so"  she  could  not  "endure  the  deck,  for  it." 

Capt.  Each,  of  the  "  Abigail,"  had  contracted  with  the 
London  Company  "  to  lay  his  ship  near  Blunt  Point,  and 
before  the  end  of  March  [1623]  erect  upon  the  oyster  banks 
a  block  house  that  should  forbid  the  passage  of  any  ship 
higher  up  the  river." 

In  a  letter  to  his  father,  George  Wyatt,  the  Governor, 
wrote  that  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  build  the 
fort  upon  the  oyster  bank,  and  if  even  "  there  had  been  in 


^  Governor  Wyatt's  wife  in  a  few  months  returned  to  England. 
Charaberlain,  on  June  19,  1623,  writes,  "  The  Lady  Wyat,  daughter 
as  I  take  it  to  Lord  Samuel  Sandys  is  returned  from  Virginia  great 
with  child,  and  Mrs.  Percy  [Pierce  or  Piersey  ?]  in  her  company." 
He  also  mentioned  that  "  an  unruly  son  of  the  Lady  Finch's  whom 
she  sent  to  Virginia  to  be  trained  fell  into  quarrel  with  the  watch, 
and  was  so  hurt  he  died  the  next  morning."  Governor  Wyatt's 
mother  was  named  Finch,  and  John,  the  third  son  of  Sir  Moyle 
Finch,  died  about  this  time. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  121 

the  ship  men  of  sufficient  skill,  the  great  charge  of  the 
ship  would  have  eaten  [the  Colonists]  up  to  the  bone, 
being  160Z  a  month.  It  pleased  the  Company  to  propose 
the  [return]  freight  of  the  ship  to  be  made  by  transporting 
64,000  lbs  of  tobacco,  whereas  in  truth  there  was  not 
made  so  much  throughout  the  Colony.  The  Governor, 
vexed  at  the  Company's  requirements,  wished  that  "  little 
M'  Farrar^  were  in  Virginia  that  he  might  add  to  his 
zeal,  a  knowledge." 

Among  the  arrivals,  early  in  1623,  were  surgeon 
William  Rowsley  (Rowesley)  and  wife  and  ten  men,  who 
on  July  3,  1622,  had  received  a  patent,  but  in  a  short 
period,  all  were  dead.  Capt.  Thomas  Barwick^  who  was 
sent  over  with  twenty-five  men  to  build  ships,  had  died, 
with  six  or  seven  of  his  best  workmen.  Capt.  William 
Norton  who  had  been  sent  out  in  1621  by  the  Company 
to  erect  glass  works  with  the  aid  of  some  Italians,  had  also 
failed.  George  Sandys  had  been  appointed  by  the  Com- 
pany to  oversee  the  works  in  case  of  Norton's  death  and 
he  wrote  to  Ferrar  of  the  Italian  workmen  that  "  a  more 
damned  crew  Hell  never  vomited."  Vincenzio  had  cracked 
the  furnace  with  an  iron  crowbar,  and  the  workmen  were 
making  but  little  progress,  in  order  to  be  sent  back  to 
England. 


'  Nicholas  Ferrar,  on  May  22,   1622,   bad   been   elected   Deputy 
Ti'easurer  of  tbe  London  Company. 

'^  Barwick  had  been  with  Newport  in  the  East  Indies  and  in  1619 
in  a  fight  with  the  Hollanders,  a  letter  written  insinuates  that  he  gave 
up  the  ship  "Bear"  either  "out  of  cowardliness  or  sincerity  of 
religion."  Sir  Thomas  Roe  alludes  to  him  as  "  M'  Barwick, 
Admirall  of  two  good  ships  the  "  Bear  and  Star."  . 
16 


122  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Samuel  Wrote,  a  prominent  member  of  the  London 
Company,  received  the  following  letter  from  George  Sandys, 
which  is  given  in  full.^ 

Letter  of  George  Sandys. 

"  Noble  S*^  1  am  almost  ashamed  that  I  have  left  yo*"  I're 
unanswered  thus  longe  but  a  bodie  languishinge,  well  nigh 
unto  death  and  a  mynd  distracted  and  broken  with  ill 
successes  here  and  hard  censures  at  home  have  disabled 
me  from  all  dutyes  but  those  w*^*"  necessi tie  in forceth.  But 
now  I  thanke  God  I  have  recovered  my  health  and  a  litle 
cured  my  thoughtes  with  the  balme  of  my  Innocencee 
resolving  to  strive  against  theis  Torrents  of  difficultyes 
till  I  passe  them  over  or  bee  swallowed  up  by  them, 
rather  in  that  I  wilbe  constant  to  my  Course  then  out 
of  anie  hope  to  gaine  reputacon  or  satisfie  your  con- 
cepcons.  For  their  affections  to  this  Plantacon  hath  so 
over  hightned  everie  thinge  that  it  is  impossible  for  our 
Indevours  to  give  it  that  lustre  w*^*"  must  needes  redound 
to  the  disgrace  of  us  and  will  I  feare  to  the  prejudice  of 
the  Collonie  I  would  to  God  that  some  one  of  judgment  and 
integritie  ichom  you  trusted  might  hee  sent  ov^  to  give  you  a 
true  information  of  our  proceedings  and  the  state  of  this 
Countrye.  If  then  it  be  found  that  wee  are  faultie  let  the 
censure  and  punishment  light  upon  the  ill  deserver  for 
my  owne  part  I  will  desire  no  favour.  But  if  our  want  of 
meanes  have  frustrated  yo*"  hopes  or  the  hand  of  God  by 
extreame  sicknes  and  unheard  of  mortalitie  hath  prevented 

'  Copied  at  my  request  by  Mr.  W.  Noel  Sanisbury,  from  the 
originals  in  the  Manchester  Papers  at  His  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  123 

our  Indevors  or  */  wee  have  heeyie  enforced  hy  some  of  yo^ 
Instructions  to  goe  contrarie  to  o^  Judgments  If  wee  should 
imploy  our  owne  or  the  Servantes  of  others  (w*^^  would 
never  bee  endured)  for  future  expectacons,  how  in  the 
meane  time  shall  they  be  fed  and  clothed  or  how  shall 
wee  give  a  satisfaction  to  their  maisters.  It  is  not  a 
small  proporcon  of  come  that  will  feed  a  Man  when  that 
is  his  onelie  sustenance,  had  you  no  other  provisions  in 
England  perhaps  the  land  were  too  little  to  sustain  her 
inhabitantes  and  for  apparrell  I  will  give  to  the  Magasine 
10£  sterling  a  yeare  (as  the  rates  here  goe)  for  the 
clothing  of  each  particular  Servaunt  for  everie  labourer 
wee  give  one  pound  of  Tobacco  a  daye  besides  his  diet 
and  3  or  4  a  day  to  Artificers,  from  whence  shall  theis 
payments  arise  Moreover  so  manie  come  over  without  aine 
provision  and  those  you  set  out  yorselves  so  furnished  to 
halves  {a  maine  cause  of  their  dehtes  and  deathes  a) id  of  yo^ 
small  returnes)  that  tliey  make  a  dearth  of  a  plentifull 
harvest,  I  protest  for  my  owne  part  if  I  knew  how  to 
defraie  the  expences  of  the  yeare  I  would  not  set  one 
plant  of  Tobacco  whilst  I  lived  in  this  Countrie  soe  much 
I  loath  it  and  onelie  desire  that  I  could  subsist  without  it. 
Now  if  any  will  upraid  us  with  the  successe  of  this  yeare, 
let  them  take  heed  least  they  manifest  themselves  to  bee 
of  the  race  of  those  Gyants  w*^*"  made  warre  w^^  Heaven 
for  who  is  ignorant  how  the  heavie  hand  of  God  hath 
suppressed  us,  the  lyveing  being  hardlie  able  to  bury  the 
dead  through  their  owne  Imbecillitie  insomuch  as  I  am 
afraid  wee  have  not  lost  lesse  then  500  by  sicknes  (with 
a  generall  weaknes  of  the  rest)  w*"^  taken  out  of  so  small 
a  number  (farre  short  of  yo""  conjectures)  I  beleive  have 


124  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

not  left  behind  them  so  manie  able  men  in  the  Countrye, 
and  by  the    way  I  would  you  could  hang  that  villaine 
Dupper^  who  with  his  stinking  beere  hath  poisoned  most  of 
the  passengers  and  spred  the  infection  all  over  the  Collonie 
w*'''  before  the  arrivall  of  the  Abigail  were  recovered,  lastlie 
whereas  it  was  the  onely  benefit  w"^  wee  reapt  from  t?ie 
treacherie  of  the  Indians  in  draicing  ourselves  into  a  narrower 
circuite,   whereby   the  people    might    have   beene   better 
governed  and  lived  with  more  comfort  and  securitie,  pub- 
lique  Charges  more  easilie  defraied,  forces  raised  with  lesse 
difficultie  and  hazard  to  the  Remaynder  townes  in  short 
tyme  would   have  beene   forfeited  framed   houses   erected 
Orchardes  planted  and  groundes  impailed  for  the  keeping 
of  Cattle,  staple  Comodities  the  better  advanced,  strength, 
beautie  pleasure  riches  and  reputacon  added  forthwith  to 
the  Collonie  by  yo''  commanding  us  to  dispearse  loee  are 
like  quicksilver  throwne  into  the  fire  and  hardlie  to  hee  found 
in  so  vast  a  distance.     But  I  can  but  give  you   a  touch  of 
theis  thinges  w*^**  perhaps  were  better  unwritten  then  not 
written  to  the  full.     If  God  spare  me  life  I  will  write  a 
particuler  discourse  of  this  Countrie,  the  hindrances  to  the 
Plantacon  and  waies  to  advance  it,  with  an  answeare  unto 
Calumny,  meanwhile   I  referre  you  to  others  for   other 
particulers  and  will  now  addresse  my  replie  to  yo""  letter. 

*'If  I  could  be  proud  yo''  Censure  had  so  made  me  for 
that  slothfull  worke  w*^^  I  was  ashamed  to  father,  notwith- 
standing it  begat  a  desire  to  proceede  but  heare  my  owne 
Author^ 


^  The  London  brewer. 
^  Ovid. 


VIRGINIA    VETU8TA.  125 

" nee  plura  sinit  tempusqe  pudorqe 

"  Dicere  maius  opus  magni  certaminis  vrget. 
"  Yet  amongst  the  roreing  of  the  seas,  the  rustling  of  the 
shrowdes  and  clamour  of  Saylers  I  translated  two  bookes^ 
and  will  perhaps  when   the  sweltering   heat  of  the   day 
confines  me  to  my  Chamber  give  a  further  assaye  for  w*^'^ 
if  I  be  taxt  I  have   noe  other  excuse  but  that  it  was  the 
recreacon  of  ray  idle  howers  and  say  with  Alciat: 
"  Dum  pueras  inqilans^,  invenes  dum  tessera  fallit 
•     "  Desinet  et  segnes  chartula  picta  vires 
"  Hsec  nos  festivis  emblemata  adimus  horis 

"As  for  dubius  accusacons,  Custome  and  the  meanes  of 
the  man  hath  made  me  insensible  of  such  injuries  but 
more  ig}iohle  was  that  though  proceeding  from  a  nobler  ])er son 
who  said  wee  held  not  our  selves  secure  without  the  guard 
of  a  Thowsand  men  when  it  is  well  knowne  that  I  received 
not  one  man  into  my  Plantacon  though  I  had  at  some- 
tymes  not  five  that  were  able  to  beare  Amies  and  for  the 
Governour  I  my  selfe  was  an  Eye  witnes  that  the  Coun- 
cellors  themselves  were  Constrayned  to  watch  nightlie  by 
turnes  untill  the  Countrie  allowed  him  a  Guard  of  thirtie 
for  whose  intertaignment  he  is  yet  unsatisfied  0  what  a 
lying  devill  is  mallice  And  nowe  a  like  to  degresse  (for  I 
write  as  thinges  come  into  my  mynd  and  expect  from  so 
worthy  a  friend  as  you  are  a  pardon  of  Errours  since  I  have 
not  the  leasure  to  read  over  what  I  have  written)  what  a 
flagitious  offence  was  that  in  us  to  fetch  of  men  from  their 
dividends    who   had    neither   food    nor   municon    nor   in 


^  He  translated  five  before   he   left  England.     His   entire   trans- 
lation was  in  1626  published. 
*  Inquilanas  ? 


126  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

number  able  to  defend  themselves  in  the  cultivatering  of 
the  earth  or  guard  of  their  cattle,  all  being  slaine  about 
them  and  wee  unable  to  supplie  any  one  of  their  wantes 
without  the  ruyne  of  others,  must  they  not  have  beene 
left  of  njecessitie  a  pray  either  to  slaughter  or  famyne  or 
Jww  would  their  weak'enes  have  indured  the  want  of  their 
ablest  men  to  have  gone  upon  the  Indians  when  out  of  the 
whole  Collonie  wee  could  7iot  raise  180  men  {wher  of  80 
were  fit  o)ielie  to  carrie  burthens)  to  incumber  1000  w^^  had 
put  all  in  hazard  if  God  had  not  taken  their  heartes  from 
them,  though  as  valiant  as  lyons  against  one  another  and 
as  skilfull  in  their  bowes  as  the  Benjamites  with  their 
slinges,  haveing  manie  peeces  besides  with  Powder  and  sJiott 
and  knowinij  too  icell  how  to  use  them,  how  am  I  touched 
in  particuler  about  that  ignominious  proposicon  of  remove- 
inge  to  the  Easterne  shore  when  I  onelie  related  the 
Argumentes  and  nomynated  the  Author  And  although 
the  Governour  and  myselfe  gave  way  that  the  place  might 
be  survaid  for  the  planting  of  a  Par  tie  there  as  better 
furnished  with  all  sortes  of  provision  and  fit  hereafter  for 
fortificatohs,  yet  never  was  it  so  much  as  in  our  though tes 
(though  manie  raune  violentlie  that  waye)  to  quit  the 
places  w^'^  wee  held  and  I  for  my  part  would  first  have 
beene  tome  in  peeces.  But  wilbe  more  warie  hereafter 
what  I  write — 

"  I  used  M""  Calthrope  at  his  landinge  withall  the  curtesie 
I  could  and  brought  him  acquainted  with  the  Governour, 
I  proferd  him  the  Entertainment  of  my  house  and  my 
owne  Chamber  to  lodge  in  w^''  he  refused  in  that  I  was  to 
bee  but  seldome  there  my  selfe  in  regard  of  my  almost 
dailie  attendaunce  at  the  Councell  table   (for  besides  our 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  127 

owne  parte  wee  are  faine  to  discharge  the  offices  of  others : 
if  M^  Secretaries  had  heene  good  for  anie  thing  wee  would 
never  have  suffred  him  to  have  gon  home  and  what  a  pittifull 
Councellour  have  wee  of  yo^  Doctour'^).  I  have  given  from 
time  to  time  the  best  Councell  I  am  able,  at  the  first  he 
kept  companie  too  much  with  his  Inferiours  who  hung 
upon  him  while  his  good  liquor  lasted.  After  he  consorted 
with  Captaine  Whitacres  (a  man  of  no  good  example)  with 
whom  he  is  gone  into  Kicotan  yet  wheresoever  he  bee  he 
shall  not  bee  without  the  reach  of  my  oare,  nor  want  for 
anie  thing  that  I  or  my  credit  can  procure  him,  I  kindlie 
thank  you  for  yo""  Grayhound  the  fairest  that  ever  I  saw 
yet  the  want  of  his  stones  have  deaded  his  courage  and 
made  him  altogether  useles.  But  I  have  written  too 
much  and  yet  no  thinge  luopem  me  copia  fecit.  I  cease 
to  trouble  you  but  never  to  love  you.  I  pray  you  re- 
member my  best  love  and  wishes  to  worthie  M"  Gibs. 

"  Yo'"  assured  Friend, 

"  George  Sandys. 
"  James  Cittie 

"  28  Martii,  1623." 

"  S""  I  pray  you  be  intreated  extraordinarlie  to  importune 
M'  John  Bonoeill'^  to  send  me  two  Frenchmen  skilfull  in 

^  Christopher  Davison  was  sick  from  the  time  of  his  arrival.  He 
is  supposed  to  have  been  the  son  of  Sir  William  Davison,  secretary 
of  Queen  Elizabeth.  In  the  census  of  1625  Alice  Davison,  a  widow, 
is  registered  at  Jamestown,  probably  his  wife. 

*  Dr.  John  Pott — A  sketch  of  his  peculiar  career  will  be  found 
on  pp.  221,  222,  History  of  Virginia  Company. 

^  Silk  worm  raiser  to  the  King,  and  author  of  the  work  published 
in  1620,  for  the  benefit  of  Virginia. 


128  VIRGINIA    VETU&TA. 

silke  wormes  and  planting  of  vines  I  will  pay  them  20 
markes  a  peece  for  their  wages  by  the  yeare  and  find 
them  victualls  or  20£  a  peece  if  they  will  accept  of  o' 
Virginia  paym* — M""  Mellin  will  take  order  for  their 
passage. 

"  I  have  sent  you  a  tast  of  our  best  tobacco  by  M"^  Tuke 
if  you  like  it  I  will  furnish  you  yearelie  with  enough  for 
your  takeing. 

•'  To  his  worthie  friend 

"  Samuel  Wrote,  Esq**^ 
"  at  London 

■  "  be  theis  delivered." 

Letter  of  William  Capps. 

William  Capps,  an  old  planter  who  had  represented 
"  Kiccowtan,"  afterward  Elizabeth  City,  in  1619,  in  the 
first  Legislature  of  Virginia  and  in  after  years  was  a 
prominent  citizen,  a  few  days  later  wrote  this  vigorous 
but  grumbling  letter  to  Deputy  Ferrar. 

"  Emanuel 

"  Right  worthy  S'  According  to  my  promise  I  now  begin 
to  write  yo"  in  folio,  but  know  not  where  to  begin.  Com- 
plementes  I  must  refuse  and  begin  I  must  somewhere  and 
thus  first. 

"  Yo"  would  make  all  men  to  forsweare  yo""  dealing  for 
yo"*  know  I  was  awarded  xxx"^  and  by  yo'  meanes  I  was 
not  to  have  it  my  selfe  but  was  first  to  adventure  it  w^*^ 
aS'"  WyU^  Naughtworth^  He   dying  in  Virginia  the   Threav^ 

^  Sir  William  Newce. 
*  George  Sandys. 


VIRGINIA    VETU8TA.  129 

seizeth  of  all  and  there  is  an  end  of  that  and  my  7 
yeares  toyle  in  breeding  of  Swyne  and  Capt  Newce  hath 
w"'  his  Company  devowred  them  almost  all  w^*^  himselfe 
and  those  men  yo"  sent  to  him  &  there  is  an  end  of  that. 
I  tould  you  of  entertayning  new  Coraanders  over  yo'  men 
but  yo"  lightlie  regarded  it,  these  men  must  have  large 
guiftes  and  large  comissions  and  worshipped  and  what 
good  have  they  done  for  yo",  marry  even  this  brought  all 
to  nought.  Thorp  he  hath  brought  such  a  misery  upon 
us  by  letting  the  Indians  have  their  head  and  now  must 
con  troll  them.  The  Governor  stood  at  that  time  for  a 
cypher  whilestthey  stood  ripping  open  o"^  gutts.  Captaine 
Newce  he  cutts  our  throates  on  the  other  side  and  he  letts 
in  the  Indians  and  that  while  the  other  provides  to  kill 
all  the  swyne  as  it  were  of  sett  purpose  to  overthrow  all 
and  who  must  make  this  good  againe.  The  old  smokers 
our  (I  knowe  not  how  to  terme  him  but)  Governor  so 
good  so  carefully  mild,  Keiigious,  just,  honest  that  I 
protest  I  thinke  God  hath  sent  him  in  mercie  for  good  to 
us,  he  undergoeth  all  your  cares  and  ours  and  I  feare  not 
but  God  will  bless  him  in  all  his  proceedinges  but  who 
must  be  the  Instrument  to  make  all  this  whole  againe. 
Why  Capps  all  voyces  can  set  him  forth  about  these 
businesses :  But  who  must  })ay  him  his  hyre.  The  Contrey 
is  poore  and  the  Company  is  poore  and  Capps  is  poore 
already  and  pooi'er  he  wilbe  if  he  follow  this  course  :  You 
see  I  never  had  penny  of  30U  for  all  my  paines.  I  thinke 
yo"  M*'  Farrar  know  th'  inside  of  my  hart  but  seeing  I 
must  to  it  againe  I  pray  S''be  you  carelull  to  doe  me  what 
good  you  can,  first  in  acquainting  the  Com  panic  what  a 
deale  of  trouble  it  wilbe  and  hinderance  to  me.  My  Lord 
17 


130  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

of  Southampton  did  promise  me  he  would  see  me  satisfied 
but  perhaps  its  forgotten  therefore  you  must  bestirr  your- 
selfe  and  when  you  see  any  lustie  young  men  that  will 
pay  their  passage  and  some  or  no  permission  you  may 
thinke  well  this  fellow  if  he  were  bound  to  such  a  man 
for  4  or  5  yeares  it  might  doe  him  some  good  but  I  am 
sure  if  I  had  xx  it  could  not  countervayle  my  labour,  for 
I  must  hang  at  it  like  a  Beare  to  the  stake ;  You  have 
seene  that  pastime  but  comonly  it  lasteth  but  an  hower 
but  I  doubt  this  will  last  12  monthes  and  by  hap  bring 
you  in  3  or  4  score  slaves  to  work  about  a  fort  or  other 
servile  worke  but  before  I  deliver  them  up  I  will  make 
them  sing  new  Toes  old  Toes  no  Toes  at  all  because  they 
shall  not  outrun  me  for  I  am  sure  they  have  made  us  sing 
a  song  this  twelve  month  to  the  tune  of  0  man  where  is 
thy  hart  become  so  not  fearing  but  you  will  be  mindfull 
of  my  welfare  as  well  for  some  comfortable  drinke  and 
meate  as  otherwise  for  my  benefitt  I  rest 
"  Your  Friend  indeed 
"  31  March,  1623  "  Will^  Capps. 

"Verte." 

"  S""  I  have  here  taken  some  paynes  for  yo*"  Instruction 
which  if  you  will  receave  may  breed  much  health  for  of 
force  this  must  be  granted  that  either  its  a  plague  from 
heaven  or  els  the  plague  from  these  great  shipps  so  pestered 
with  men  I  meane  the  death  of  all  those  men  that  have 
dyed  this  winter  and  before  a  little  I  promised  you  to 
write  in  folio  but  had  it  not  ben  seed  tyme  I  would  have 
sent  it  in  foliorum.  For  Martyns  Hundred  if  I  had  but 
one  Body  more  I  would  have  ben  there  to  have  secured 


VIRGINIA    VETU^TA.  131 

them.  The  Counsel  1  was  very  earnest  with  rae  to  have 
comand  there  but  the  greater  worke  must  be  before  the 
lesser,  yet  I  will  see  them  now  and  then  and  be  ofien  on 
their  Barkes  for  their  guard  I  pray  good  Sir  take  these 
few  lynes  and  peruse  them  well  for  these  are  dangers  that 
may  be  avoyded  I  meane  the  unhealthines  at  sea  and 
worse  when  it  comes  ashore. 

"  The  first  cause  is  for  want  of  cleanliness,  for  betwixt 
the  decks  there  can  hardlie  a  man  fetch  his  breath  by 
reason  there  ariseth  such  a  funke  in  the  night  that  it 
causeth  putrifaction  of  bloud  and  breedeth  disease  much 
like  the  plague.  The  more  fall  sick  the  more  they  annoy 
and  poyson  their  fellowes  the  which  may  be  prevented  by 
care  had  by  you.  For  I  remember  when  I  was  in  the 
voyage  with  Sir  Thomas  Gates  and  S*"  George  Somers  we 
came  in  heate  of  somer  were  at  sea  fifteene  weekes  and 
lost  not  a  man  and  farr  southerlie  which  was  indeed  the 
great  mercie  of  God  and  the  meanes  of  health  was  not 
neglected  which  were  these.  By  that  tyme  we  had  layd 
our  own  latitude  and  raysed  2  or  3  degrees  to  the  South- 
ward they  appointed  that  every  man  should  have  half  a 
Biskett  cake  and  halfe  a  small  can  of  Beare  every  morning. 
Then  were  appointed  swobbers  for  the  cleansing  of  the 
Orlopp  and  every  part  of  the  shipp  below.  Then  every 
man  was  forced  in  faire  weather  to  bring  up  his  bed  to 
ayre  in  the  shrowdes.  In  the  meane  tyme  the  Quarter 
Masters  were  busied  in  the  swobbing  of  everj''  cabbine 
belowe  with  Vinegar  as  alsoe  betweene  decks  which  cast 
such  a  savor  of  sharpnes  to  the  stomach  that  it  bred 
health. 


132  VIE  G  INI  A    VETUSTA. 

"  Likewise  the  dogged  ii.sage  of  the  saylers  I  meane  those 
in  comand  as  namely  old  Luke  Forterow  &  the  Purser  by 
whose  meanes  I  dare  sweare  hath  ben  the  death  of  halfe 
the  Passengers  with  the  help  of  the  poyson  they  gave  us 
instead  of  Beare.  And  for  ray  owne  part  as  I  am  a 
Christian  I  had  no  allowance  at  all  nor  none  could  gett 
for  the  Purser  tould  me  my  Passage  was  not  payd.  There- 
fore by  my  consent  never  hire  shipp  of  three  deckes  for 
they  of  force  must  breed  the  sea  plague  I  doe  not  meane 
because  I  had  no  allowance  but  by  reason  of  such  vehe- 
ment funkes  that  com-eth  from  below. 

"  Next  for  S"  Wm.  Newce  he  came  indeed  into  the 
Contrey  and  dyed  and  M""  Sandys  he  gripes  all  for  the 
Companie  for  all  yo'  Order  of  Court  and  if  you  looke  well 
about  you  may  see  the  just  hand  of  God  on  that  very 
place.  For  by  true  Pteport  since  the  day  it  was  torne 
from  us  there  have  dyed  above  a  hundred  more  by  halfe 
than  ever  dyed  there  in  eleaven  yeare  before  and  one 
himselfe.  And  now  if  the  Company  will  send  me  over 
X  or  xij  Carpenters  &  Sawyers  &  brick  makers  with 
provision  for  the  first  yeare  I  wold  take  paynes  and 
care  to  provide  after  for  them  and  build  a  substantial! 
guesthouse  the  first  at  EUzabeth  and  the  other  at  James 
for  if  you  did  but  see  how  raiserablie  they  die  for  want 
of  provision  and  housing  you  could  not  but  pittie  their 
cases.  There  must  be  to  this  business  two  yoake  of  oxen 
and  a  horse.  This  being  effected  by  Gods  helpe  there 
wilbe  health  and  after  they  may  be  sett  to  the  building  of 
a  skonce  for  defence  but  I  must  tell  you  if  I  meddle  with 
it  I  will  no  man  to  command  them  any  thing  for  if  they 
doe  I  will  meddle  no  more  with  them." 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  133 

On  the  11th  of  April,  1623,  Sandys  wrote  another 
letter  to  John  Ferrar,  relative  to  the  weak  Council  in 
Virginia,  and  suggesting  that  '*'  some  of  quality  and  worth  " 
should  be  persuaded  to  come  over  and  strengthen  it. 
Yeardley,  the  late  Governor,  he  thought  was  "  too  much 
taken  up  with  his  own  private  business,  and  did  not 
wish  that  his  government  should  be  eclipsed  by  his  succes- 
sors." Secretary  Davison  and  Doctor  Pott  were  "  ciphers." 
John  Pountis^  meant  well.  Captain  Ralph  Hamor's  ex- 
treme poverty  forced  him  to  "  shifts."  Captain  Roger 
Smith  was  "  fitter  for  action  than  advice  yet  honest  in 
both."  These  were  all  the  councillors.  Of  some  of  the 
prominent  citizens  he  thought  that  Captain  Matthews 
would  attend  to  nothing  but  his  crop.  Capt.  Tucker  was 
"  industrious  and  fit "  but  had  to  consult  Mr.  Ferrar's 
interests.  Mr.  Blainey  when  he  left  the  Magazine  might 
be  qualified  by  his  public  spirit  and  good  understanding, 
and  Lieutenant  Pierce,  the  Governor  of  Jamestown,  was 
inferior  to  none  in  experience,  industry  and  capacity.  No 
others  were  deserving  of  mention. 


^  Pountis,  a  cousin  of  Sir  Thomas  Merry,  died  soon  after  on  his 
voyage  to  England. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


SERMONS  BEFORE  THE  VIRGINIA  COMPANY  A.  D.  1632,  BY   REV. 
PATRICK  COPLAND  AND  JOHN  DONNE. 

HE  VirgiDia  Company  in  the  spring  of  1622,  was 
much  encouraged  by  the  intelligence  of  the  safe 
arrival  at  Jamestown  of  their  nine  ships,  and 
their  eight  hundred  passengers,  and  the  Rev. 
Patrick  Copland^  was  requested  to  deliver  a  Thanksgiving 
sermon.  On  Thursday,  the  18th  of  April,  the  discourse 
was  preached  at  Bow  Church  from  the  portion  of  the 
107th  Psalm."  He  spoke  of  the  dangers  of  the  voyage, 
the  deliverance,  and  consequent  duty.  He  urged  upon 
the  City  of  London  to  continue  to  "  transport  their  over- 
flowing multitude  to  Virginia,"  especially  children,  as  it 
had  been  commenced  by  Sir  George  Bowles  (Bolles)  who 
in  1617-18,  had  been  Mayor. 

"  And  that  I  may  bend  my  speech  vnto  all,  seeing  so 
many  of  the  Lord's  Worthies  haue  done  worthily  in  this 
noble  action  ;  yea,  and  seeing  that  some  of  them  greatly 
rejoyce  in  this,  that  God  hath  inabled  them  to  helpe 
forward  this  glorious  worke,  both  with  their  prayers  and 
with  their  purses,  let  it  be  your  greife   and  sorrow  to  be 


'  A  sketch  of  Copland  is  in  a  following  Chapter. 
'^  Large  extracts  from  this  sermon  are  given  in   Neill's  MiglisK 
Colonizatio)i  of  America,  Strahan  &  Co.,  London,  1871. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 


135 


exempted  from  the  company  of  so  many  honourable 
minded  men,  and  from  this  noble  Plantation,  tending  so 
highly  to  the  advancement  of  the  Gospell,  and  to  the 
honouring  of  our  drad  Soueraigne,  by  inlarging  of  his 
kingdomes,  and  adding  a  fifth  crowne  unto  his  other 
foure  :  for  '  Eu  dat  Virginia  quintam'  is  the  motto  of  the 
legal  seale  of  Virginia."^ 

The  face  of  the  seal  was  an  escutcheon  quartered  with 
the  arms  of  England,  France,  Scotland  and  Ireland, 
crested  with  a  maiden  Queen  with  flowing  hair ;  support- 
ing two  men  in  armor. 


Spenser  dedicated  his  Fairy  Queen  to  Elizabeth,  "  Queen 
of  England,  France,  Ireland  and  Virginia."  After  James 
VI  of  Scotland,  became  the  James  I  of  England,  Virginia 
in  compliment  could  be  called  the  fifth  kingdom  or  crown. 

About  a  month  after  its  delivery  it  was  prepared  for 
the  press  and  published  with  this  title. 


^  On  Octobei'  20,  1619,  the  Company  appointed  a  committee  to 
meet  at  Sir  Edwin  Sandy's  "  to  take  a  cote  for  Virginia,  and  agree 
upon  the  Seale."  On  the  loth  of  the  next  month  the  device  was 
presented  for  inspection. — History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp. 
154,  155. 


Virginia's  God  be  Thanked, 

OR 

A  SERMON  OF 

THANKSGIUING 

FOR  THE    HAPPIE 

fuccefle    of   the    affayres    in 

Virginia  this  laft 

yeare. 

Preached  by  Patrick   Copland  at 

Bow-Chyirch,    in    Cheapftde^     before    the     Honorable 
Virginia  Company,  on  Thurfday,  the  i8 
of   Jprill,    1622.      And    now    publijhed   by 
the    Commandment    of  the  fold    hono- 
rable Company. 

Hereunto  are   adjoyned  some    epiftles, 

written    firft    in    Latine    (and    now    Engliflied)     in 
the  Eaft  Indies  by   Peter  Pope,  an  Indian  youth, 
borne  in  the  bay  of  Bengala^  who  was  firft  taught 
and  converted  by  the  faid  P.  C.     And  after  bap- 
tized by  Mafter  'John  Wood,  Dr.  in  Divinitie 
in    a  famous    Jffembly,    before    the    Right 
IVorJhipfull,   the    Ea/i    India    Company, 
at  S.  Denis  in  Fan-Church   ftreete 
in  London,  December  22, 
1616. 

LONDON 
Printed  by  J.  D.  for  IVilliam  Shejfard  ?ind  John    Bellamie, 
and  are  to  be  fold  at   his  fhop  at  the  two  grey- 
hounds in  Corne-hill,  neere  the  Royall 
Exchange.      1622. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  137 

The  sermon  had  scarcely  appeared  in  print  when  a  ship 
arrived  with  a  tale  of  horror  which  spread  like  wild-fire 
through  the  streets  of  London,  and  the  hearing  of  which 
made  the  "hair  of  the  flesh  to  stand  up."  While  Copland 
was  preaching  his  sermon  of  Thanksgiving,  the  inhabitants 
of  Virginia  were  in  tears  and  despair.  The  treacherous 
Indians  in  March,  on  Good  Friday,  had  risen  and  killed 
and  scalped  one-half  of  the  whole  inhabitants. 

Sermon  of  Dr.  John  Donne. 

John  Donne,  Dean  of  Saint  Paul's,  although  a  decided 
conformist,  was  a  moderate  man.  He  did  not  believe,  to 
use  his  words  "  in  a  foreign  church  either  where  the  church 
is  but  an  antiquary's  cabinet,  full  of  rags  and  fragments  of 
antiquity,  but  nothing  fit  for  the  use  for  which  it  was  first 
made  ;  or  where  it  is  so  new  built  a  house  with  bare  walls 
that  it  is  yet  unfurnished  of  such  ceremonies  as  should 
make  it  comely  and  reverend."  To  a  friend  he  wrote  : 
"  You  know  I  never  fettered  nor  imprisoned  the  word, 
religion  ;  not  straitening  it,  friarly  ;  not  immuring  it  in  a 
Rome,  or  a  Wittemberg  or  a  Geneva;  they  are  all  virtual 
beams  of  one  Sun." 

It  was  voted  on  October  23, 1622,  by  the  Virginia  Com- 
pany, "  that  the  Dean  of  Paul's  a  brother  of  the  Company 
should  preach  the  annual  sermon,"  and  a  committee,  one  of 
which  was  Sir  John  Danvers,  the  step-father  of  the  poet 
George  Herbert,  and  later  in  life  one  of  the  signers  of  the 
deatli  warrant  of  Charles  the  First,  was  appointed  to 
convey  the  invitation,  and  St.  Michael's  in  Cornhill  was 
designated  as  the  place  of  delivery. 
18 


138  VIRGINIA    VJSTUSTA. 

It  was  preached  on  November  30,  1622,  and  is  one  of 
the  best  specimens  of  his  style,  abounding  in  quaint 
conceit,  and  pungent  appeals.  The  text  was  Acts  1  :  8, 
and  the  introduction  as  follows  : 

"  There  are  reckoned  in  this  book,  twenty-two  sermons 
of  the  Apostles  ;  and  yet  the  book  is  not  called  the  preach- 
ing, but  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles ;  and  the  acts  of  the 
Apostles  were  to  convey  the  name  of  Christ  Jesus,  and  to 
propagate  his  Gospel  over  all  the  world. 

"  Beloved !  You  are  actors  upon  the  same  stage  too,  the 
uttermost  parts  of  the  earth  are  your  scene,  act  on  the  acts 
of  the  Apostles.  Be  you  a  light  to  the  Gentiles  that  sit 
in  darkness,  be  you  content  to  carry  him  over  these  seas, 
who  dried  up  one  Red  Sea  for  his  first  people,  and  hath 
poured  out  another  Red  Sea,  His  own  blood,  for  them  and 
for  us. 

"  When  a  man  was  fallen  God  clothed  him,  made  him  a 
leather  garment,  then  God  descended  to  our  occupation. 
When  the  time  of  man's  redemption  was  come,  then  God, 
as  it  were,  to  house  him,  became  a  carpenter's  son  ;  then 
God  descended  to  another  occupation.  Naturally  without 
doubt,  man  could  have  been  his  own  tailor,  and  his  own 
carpenter,  something  of  these  two  kinds  man  would  have 
done  of  himself,  though  he  had  no   pattern  from   God     * 

*  *  *  Now  as  God  taught  us  to  make  clothes,  not 
only  to  clothe  ourselves,  but  to  clothe  Him  in  his  poor  and 
naked  members  here;  as  God  taught  us  to  build  houses,  not 
to  house  ourselves,  but  to  house  Him,  in  erecting  churches 
to  His  glory ;  so  God  taught  us  to  make  ships  not  to  trans- 
port ourselves,  but  to  transport  Him." 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  139 

In  conclusion  he  said :  "  Those  of  our  profession  that 
go;  you  that  send  them  who  go,  do  all  an  apostolical 
function.  What  action  soever  hath  in  the  first  intention 
thereof  to  propagate  the  gospel  of  Christ  Jesus  that  is  an 
apostolical  action.  *  *  *  *  Preach  to  them  doctrin- 
ally,  preach  to  them  practically,  enamor  them  with  your 
justice,  and  with  your  civility  ;  but  inflame  them  with 
your  godliness  and  religion.  Bring  them  to  love  and 
reverence  the  name  of  that  King  that  sends  men  to  teach 
them  the  ways  of  civility  in  this  world,  but  to  fear  and 
adore  the  name  of  that  King  of  Kings  that  sends  men  to 
teach  them  the  ways  of  religion  for  the  next  world. 

"  Those  among  you  that  are  old  should  now  pass  out  of 
this  world  with  the  beginning  of  that  commonwealth  and 
of  that  church,  although  not  to  see  the  growth  thereof  to 
perfection  ;  ApoUos  watered,  but  Paul  planted  ;  he  that 
begun  the  work  was  the  greater  man.  And  you  that  are 
young  men  may  love  to  see  the  enemy,  as  much  impeached 
by  that  place  ;  and  your  friends,  yea  your  children  as  well 
accommodated  in  that  place,  as  any  other.  You  shall 
have  made  this  island  which  is  but  the  suburbs  of  the  Old 
World  a  bridge  a  gallery  to  the  New,  to  join  all  to  that 
world  that  shall  never  grow  old,  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven." 


CHAPTER  XV. 


JOHN  ROLFE  AND  HIS  WHITE  WIVES. 


HE  name  of  John  Rolfe  is  prominent  in  the  early 
history  of  Virginia.  He  and  his  wife  were 
among  the  passengers  in  the  "  Sea  Venture  " 
which  in  the  summer  of  1609,  was  wrecked  at 
the  Bermudas.  About  five  months,  after  they  reached  the 
island,  his  wife  gave  birth  to  a  child.  In  May,  1610,  Rolfe 
reached  Virginia.  Strachey  in  his  narrative,  writes  :  "  The 
eleventh  of  February  we  had  the  child  of  one  John  Rolfe 
christened,  a  daughter,  to  which  Captain  Newport  and 
myself  were  witnesses,  and  Mistress  Horton,  and  we  named 
it  Bermuda."  The  infant  died  in  a  short  time.  Rolfe 
was  energetic  and  industrious.  Hamor  referred  to  him  as 
follows  :  "  I  may  not  forget  the  gentleman  worthy  of  much 
commendations  which  first  took  the  pains  to  make  trial 
thereof  [tobacco]  his  name  M""  John  Rolfe  Anno  Domini 
1612,  partly  for  the  love  he  hath  a  long  time  borne  unto 
it,  and  partly  to  raise  commodities  to  the  adventurers,  in 
whose  behalf  I  intercede  and  vouchsafe  to  hold  my  testi- 
mony, in  belief  that  during  the  time  of  his  abode  there, 
which  draweth  near  upon  six  years  no  man  hath  more 
labored  then  he  has  done." 

Before  1614  the  wife  who  came  with  him  from  England 
was  dead,  and  in  the  spring  of  that  year  he  formed  a 


VIRGINIA   VETTJSTA.  141 

connection  with  the  Indian  woman  Pocahontas.  None 
of  the  writers  of  that  day  give  the  place  or  the  name  of 
the  minister  who  performed  the  marriage  ceremony. 
Hamor  only  mentions  that  "  it  was  ahout  the  fifth  of 
April."  Pocahontas  died  in  England,  on  March  21, 
161C-17,  and  was  buried  as  the  wife  of  Thomas  Wroth, 
gent.^ 

Rolfe  in  June,  1617,  had  returned  to  Virginia,  and  soon 
after  married  Jane,  daughter  of  William  Pierce,  also  written 
Peirce,  Perse,  Perce  and  Pyers.  Pierce  sailed  from  Eng- 
land in  1609,  in  the  "  Sea  Venture,"  and  Rolfe  was  his 
fellow  passenger.  His  wife  Jane  came  the  next  year, 
in  the  ship  "  Blessing."  Their  daughter  i>«e- about  the 
year  1618  was  the  wife  of  Rolfe,  and  must  have  been  born 
in  England.     Rolfe's  son  Thomas  about  1619  was  born. 


and  about  1621,  his  daughter 


&' 


C 


■u/x. 


In  March,  1622,  Rolfe  died.     In  his  will,  made  March 

10,  1621-22,  at  James  City,  he  entrusts  the  care  of  his 

two  children    to    his    father-in-law    William    Pierce.      A 

parcel  of  land  opposite  James  City^  he  bequeaths  to  his 

son    Thomag,   and   should   he  die  without   heirs   to    his 

daughter  JnreTilis  lands  near  Mulberry   Island  were 

given  to  his  wife  during  her  life,  and  then  to  his  daughter 

i^iyTo  his  servant,  Robert   Davies,  he  gave  twenty 

pounds.^ 
0 

^  For  a  notice  of  Pocahlintas  see  History  of  Virginia  Company, 
pp.   83-105. 

*  He  had  by  patent  400  acres  in  Tappahannock  and  with  his 
father-in-law  and  others  1,700  acres  near  Mulberry  Island. 

'  The  witnesses  to  the  will  were  Temperance  the  wife  of  Gov. 
Yeardley,  Richard  Buck  the  minister  at  Jamestown,  and  Robert 


142  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

After  the  news  of  his  death  reached  England  his  brother 
sent  a  petition  to  the  Virginia  Company.  In  their  minutes 
of  October  7,  1622,  is  the  following :  "  M^  Henry  Rolfe  in 
his  petition  desiringe  the  estate  his  Brother  John  Rolfe 
deceased,  left  in  Virginia,  might  be  enquired  out  and  con- 
uerted  to  the  best  use  for  the  maintenance  of  his  Relict 
wife  and  Children,  and  for  his  indempnity  hauing  brought 
up  the  Child  his  said  Brother  had  by  Powhatan's  daughter 
w'ch  child  is  yet  liuinge  and  in  his  custodie. 

"  It  was  ordered  that  the  Governor  and  Counsell  of 
Virginia  should  cause  enquiries  be  made  what  lands  and 
goods  the  said  John  Rolfe  died  seized  of,  and  in  case  it  be 
found  the  said  Rolfe  made  no  will,  then  to  take  such  order 
for  the  petitioner's  indempnity  and  for  the  mayntenauce  of 
the  said  children  and  his  relict  wife  as  they  shall  find  his 
estate  will  beare  (his  debt  unto  the  Companie  and  others 
being  first  satisfied)  and  to  return  unto  the  Companie 
here  an  account  of  their  proceedings." 

It  is  nowhere  mentioned  why  Rolfe  did  not  provide  in 
his  will,  for  his  child,  by  Pocahontas. 

William  Pierce  was  one  of  the  most  influential  men  in 
the  Colony  and  in  1624  his  wife  died.  He,  that  year 
visited  England,  having  taken  with  him  as  it  is  supposed, 
his  grandson  Thomas,  whose  name  does  not  appear  in  the 
census  of  Virginia,  taken  in  January,  1625,  while  there  his 
grandchild  Jane  was  registered  as  four  years  of  age,  and 
residing  with  the  well  known  citizen  and  member  of  the 
Council,  Capt.  Roger  Smith. 


Davis  (Davies),  John  Cartwright  and  John  Milwai'de.     See  Abstract 
JVi  E7U/.  Hist.  Gen.  Register,  January,  1884. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  143 

Thomas,  the  son  of  John  Rolfe  by  his  wife  Jane  Pierce, 
it  is  supposed  was  educated  in  England.  Anthony  Rolfe 
of  Tallington,  Norfolk,  was  a  son  of  Thomas  and  grand- 
son of  John  Rolfe.  His  daughter  Hannah,  married  Sir 
Thomas  Leigh,  born  in  1639  at  Stow  Bardolf.  A  portrait 
of  Jane  Rolfe,  daughter  of  Thomas,  was  copied  by  the 
distinguished  painter  Thomas  Sully  of  Philadelphia.  The 
Boilings  of  Virginia  may  be  the  descendants  of  Jane  Pierce, 
wife  of  John  Rolfe. 


CHAPTER  XVI 

AJ'FAIRS  OF  THE  COMPANY  IN  LONDON,  A.  D.  1623  UNTIL  THE 
ABROGATION  OF  THE  CHARTER. 

Letter  of  Earl  of  Middlesex.     Disputes  of  the  Company.     A 
Ballad.     Letter  of  John  Bargrave. 

[HE  accounts  of  the  want  of  provisions  and  many 
deaths  in  Virginia,  led  the  enemies  of  the  London 
Company  to  renew  their  efforts  to  have  the 
charter  abrogated.  Alderman  Johnson  and 
other  members  opposed  to  the  administration  of  the  Earl 
of  Southampton,  sent  a  petition  to  the  King  in  April,  1623, 
requesting  that  a  Commission  might  be  appointed  to 
enquire  into  the  causes  which  had  brought  the  Colony 
into  its  deplorable  condition.^ 

Upon  the  19th  of  April,  Middlesex,  the  Lord  Treasurer, 
wrote  to  Secretary  Conway  : 

"  M"^  Secretary  :  Because  I  conceave  His  Ma*  expects 
to  heare  of  the  Lord's  proceeding  yesterday  in  Counsell,  I 
have  thought  fit  to  give  his  Ma"^  accompt,  thereof  by  yo"", 
when  yo"^  shall  finde  a  fitt  time  to  acquaint  Him  with  it. 
"  Concerning  the  differences  of  the  two  Companies  of 
Virginia  &  the  Somer  Islands,  though  there  were  much 
heate  &  bitterness  betweene  them  at  first,  fitter  to  perplexe 


^  See  Petition  and  action  of  the  Company  in  History  of  Virginia 
Conipa7iy,  pp.  387-390. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  145 

then  to  settle  the  busines ;  yet  at  last  we  brought  them 
to  agree  of  two  points,  which  we  found  needful  for  the 
mayne  end  of  His  Ma'^  originall  &  most  Graciouse  con- 
tynued  intention  &  for  the  publique  &  generall  good  of 
both  Plantacons. 

"  First,  because  the  State  of  the  Colonies  &  the  Accompts 
thereof  is  diverslie  reported  by  them,  we  have  agreed  of  a 
Comission  to  be  presently  awarded  to  S""  William  Jones, 
S"  Nicolas  Fortescue,  S"  Henry  Bourchier,  S""  Henry  Spiller, 
S""  Frances  Goston,  S""  Richard  Sutton  &  S""  William  Pytt, 
or  anie  four  of  them  to  examyne  the  cariage  of  the  wholl 
busines,  from  the  beginning  of  S'  Thomas  Smithe's  govern- 
ment untill  now  :  how  it  began  with  him,  how  he  left  it, 
&  in  what  state  it  is  at  this  present;  what  moneys  hath 
been  collected  or  raised  towards  it  &  when  &  by  what 
meanes,  eyther  upon  pryvate  adventure,  or  otherwise;  & 
how  the  same  hath  ben  husbanded  &  disposed  :  that  upon 
returne  of  this  Comission,  (which  we  have  akedie  given 
order  for  to  M'"  Attorney)  we  may  have  some  time  grounds 
to  worke  upon  for  directyng  our  future  counsell  &  resolu- 
tions to  advance  his  Ma^^  ends.  Secondlie,  to  prevent  all 
misreports  &  underhand  workings  of  eyther  side  in  the 
Colonies,  in  the  mean  tyme  we  have  appointed  both 
Companies  to  meet  this  morning  to  agree  of  one  generall 
letter  to  goe  for  them  all  upon  the  heads  we  have  appointed 
them,  &  the  same  being  so  drawen  by  them,  to  be  presented 
to  the  Lords  and  there  approved  &  so  to  be  sent  over  with 
the  ships  now  in  dispatcli :  &  no  pryvate  I're  besides  to 
goe  from  any  man,  differing  in  anie  point  from  the 
Generall.  It  being  also  resolved  that  another  letter  to 
both  Plantacons  shall  be  written  from  the  Board,  to 
19 


146  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

acquaint  them  with  his  Ma*^  Pious  &  Princely  care  of  them 
&  the  cause  in  hande  to  provide  better  for  them ;  whereby 
to  unite  their  resolutions  &  give  them  incouragement  & 
constancie,  to  goe  on  cheerfullie  in  the  worke  they  have 
in  hande.  And  soe  we  have  left  that  busines  for  the 
present. 

"Y^""  faithful  &  assured  friende 
"  Chelsey  18  April  1623.  Middlesex. 

"  M''  Secretary  Conway — " 

The  opponents  of  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  and  Earl  of  South- 
ampton, in  Easter  week  of  1623,  charged  among  other 
things  "  the  spreading  of  false  rumors  and  publication  of 
letters,  books  and  ballads  describing  the  happy  estate  of 
the  Plantation,  which  was  most  unreasonably  put  in 
practice  this  last  Lent,  when  the  Colony  was  in  most  ex- 
treme misery."  They  further  complained  that  the  Com- 
pany made  scandalous  accusations  against  the  Earl  of 
Warwick  and  others,  and  of  the  "inviting  of  strangers, 
yea  of  women  to  be  present  in  a  lattice  gallery  to  be  the 
spectators  of  their  courses,  and  hearers  of  their  calumnies 
to  the  end  the  rumors  thereof  might  be  more  generally 
spread,"  and  that  the  business  of  the  Company  was  inter- 
rupted by  faction  and  wrangling. 

The  Company  with  dignity  replied  that  the  Virginia 
Company  consisted  of  nearly  one  thousand  persons  of 
whom  two  hundred  often  assembled  at  once,  and  that  a 
factious  minority  of  twenty-six  who  brought  up  their 
strength  from  the  country  were  the  only  disturbers.  To 
the  charge  that  "  certain  persons  did  draw  on  and  spin 
out  the  courts  till  11   o'clock  at  night  and   untill  their 


VIRGIN'IA    VETUSTA.  I47 

opponents  had  departed "  it  was  maintained  that  the 
length  of  the  sitting  was  caused  by  important  business, 
and  that  one  hundred  persons  in  addition  to  divers  noble- 
men and  knights  were  present  when  the  question  was 
put. 

The  rhyme  which  had  been  complained  of  and  called  a 
"cosening  ballad"  by  the  opposition,  was  printed  in  the 
spring  of  1623,  and  is  as  follows  : 

Good  Newes  from  Virginia. 

Sent  from  James  his  Towne  this  present  Moneth  of  March,  1633  by  a  Gentle- 
man in  that  Country. 

To  the  twie  of  All  those  that  he  good  fellowes. 

No  English  heart  but  heard  with  griefe 

the  Massacre  here  done 
And  how  by  savage  trecheries 

full  many  a  mothers  sonne 
But  God  tluit  gave  them  power  &  leave 

their  cruelties  to  use 
Hath  given  them  up  into  our  hands 

who  English  did  abuse. 

For  many  reasons  long  we  lay 

and  no  revenge  did  take 
Till  noble  Wiat  Governour 

caus'd  all  the  Counsel!  make 
A  firme  decree  that  worthy  men 

should  venture  to  oppose 
In  just  revenge  to  try  their  force 

against  these  heathen  foes. 


148  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Bould  worthy  Sir  George  Yardly 

commander  cheife  was  made 
Cause  foureteene  yeares,  and  more  he  hath 

within  this  Country  staid 
Against  the  King  Opukingunow 

against  this  savage  foe 
Did  he  with  many  an  EngUsh  heart 

for  just  revenge  thus  goe. 

Stout  Master  George  Sands  upon  a  night 

did  bravely  venture  forth 
And  mong'st  the  Savage  murtherers 

did  forme  a  deed  of  worth 
For  finding  many  by  a  fire 

to  death  their  Uves  they  pay 
Set  fire  of  a  towne  of  theirs 

and  bravely  came  away. 

From  James  his  Towne  wel  shipt  and  stord 

with  men  and  victualle  store 
Up  Nan-Somond  river  did  they  saile 

long  ere  they  came  to  shore 
Who  landing  slew  those  enemies 

that  massacred  our  men 
Tooke  prisoners  corne  &  burnt  their  townes 

and  came  abord  agren. 


^o^ 


Beside  one  Waters  and  his  Wife 
escaping  by  Gods  hand 

Who  satisfied  the  misery  in 
these  savage  men  now  stand 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  149 

Munsaymons  King  in  danger  lies 

and  perill  every  day 
Both  him  and  all  his  people  there 

make  hast  to  flie  away. 

But  Sir  George  Yardly  staid  not  there 

no  longer  then  must  need 
Unto  Pamunky  river  he 

came  upward  with  all  speed 
And  at  a  Towne  cal'd  Chesskeyer 

he  landed  with  some  men 
Who  shot  with  arowes  manfully 

'till  bullets  answered  them. 

There  many  Indians  lost  their  lives 

their  habitations  burn'd 
And  so  unto  King  Tollanes  house 

our  English  men  leturn'd 
Who  left  both  house  and  country 

and  so  away  did  goe 
Some  straglars  up  and  downe  were  left 

there  of  this  savage  foe. 


The  Second  Part  of  Newes  from  Virginia. 
To  the  same  tune. 

So  to  Opachankenowe's  house 

they  marched  with  all  speed 
Great  General  1  of  the  savages 

and  rules  in's  Brothers  steed 


150  VIRGINIA    VETU8TA. 

But  contrary  to  each  man's  hopes 

the  foe  away  was  fled 
Leaving  both  land  and  come  to  us 

which  stood  us  in  great  stead. 

So  having  fraughted  well  there  shippes 

and  pinases  with  corne 
These  two  great  Kings  were  fled  so  far 

that  safely  we  returne 
With  all  our  spoile  and  people  safe 

returning  thus  with  joy 
Both  tempell,  Botes,  houses  and  weres 

for  fishing  we  destroy. 

Bould  Captaine  Powell  show'd  his  work 

whose  forst  these  heathen  flie 
And  quit  there  goodly  houses  where 

in  safety  they  did  lie 
The  Kings  of  Waynoke,  Pipskoe 

and  Apummactokes  fled 
For  feare  a  way  by  Charles  his  Towne 

not  one  dares  show  a  head. 

And  Captaine  Hamour  plaid  his  part 

in  severall  rivers  by 
In  sheding  many  Indian es  bloodes 

which^s'd  such  cruelties 
Bringing  abundance  of  their  Corne 

to  sucker  us  that  need 
And  Captaine  Middisome  likewise 

with  honor  did  proceed. 


VIRGINIA    YETU^TA,  151 

Who  coming  tooke  not  all  their  corne 

but  likewise  tooke  their  King 
And  unto  James  his  Citty  he 

did  these  rich  trophies  bring 
And  divers  ships  still  are  abroad 

with  hundreds  for  to  find 
Both  corne  and  victaile  from  these  foes 

that  us'd  us  thus  unkind. 

But  for  those  Indians  that  doe  love 

the  English  fervently 
We  use  them  as  we  use  ourselves 

with  self  same  curtesie 
Great  and  most  Gracious  Mighty  God 

thy  name  be  ever  praised 
Which  late  dids't  bring  thy  servants  low 

whom  now  thyselfe  hath  raised. 

The  Indians  flie  and  we  I  hope 

shall  nere  more  want  indure 
For  those  that  put  their  trust  in  God 

shall  of  his  Grace  be  sure 
Now  Deere  and  Swine  and  Turkeys 

will  dayly  so  increase 
That  faire  Virginia  will  I  hope 

prove  plentifuU  by  peace. 

Of  late  from  England  safe  ariv'd 

a  thousand  people  came 
Which  terrifies  the  Indians 

to  heare  this  trump  of  fame 


152  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Armes  from  the  Tower  sent  by  our  good  Kin^ 

and  twenty  ships  there  lieng 
Makes  all  our  friends  in  heart  rejoyce 

while  foes  with  griefe  are  dying. 

The  Iron  workes  and  silk  workes  both 

and  vines  shall  be  replanted 
Great  store  will  be  of  every  thing 

that  we  so  long  have  wanted 
Indico  seed  and  sugar  canes 

and  figtrees  prosper  well 
With  every  thing  particuler 

that  beares  true  tast  or  smell. 

Ship  Carpenters  are  come  great  store 

to  doe  our  Countrey  good 
For  which  no  Countrey  can  compare 

to  equall  us  for  wood 
A  blockhouse  on  the  riever  side 

is  making  very  strong 
That  we  shall  never  neede  to  feare 

our  foraine  foes  ere  long. 

Foure  thousand  gallant  English  hearts 

Virginia  overspreds 
The  worst  of  which  I  thinke  will  not 

for  washing  give  there  heads 
Both  Armes  and  Ammunition  store 

and  cattaile  w^e  have  plenty 
With  foule  and  fish  and  many  things 

that  are  in  England  dainty. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  153 

The  Collony  compelled  is 

to  speake  in  Pountes  praise 
Vice  Admirall  from  England  here 

whose  worth  his  fame  shall  raise 
But  last  of  all  that  Lady  faire 

that  woman  worth  renowne 
That  left  her  Countrey  and  her  friends 

to  grace  brave  James  his  Towne. 

The  wife  unto  our  Governour 

did  safely  here  arive 
With  many  gallants  following  her 

whom  God  preserve  alive 
What  man  would  stay  when  Ladies  gay 

both  lives  and  fortunes  leaves 
To  taste  what  we  have  truly  fowne 

truth  never  man  deceaves. 

Thus  wishing  God  will  turne  the  mindes 

of  man}^  for  to  come 
And  not  to  live  like  dormise  still 

continuall  keeping  home 
Who  ever  sees  Virginia 

this  shall  he  surely  find 
What  fit  for  men  and  more  and  than 

a  Country  man  most  kind. 

Finis. 
Printed  at  London  for  John  Trundle, 

While  the  Commission  appointed  to  examine  the  affairs 
of  the   Company  were  at  work,  Capt.  John  Bargrave  of 
20 


154  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA, 

Patricksbourne,  Kent,  a  brother  of  Doctor  Bargrave, 
Dean  of  Canterbury,  and  the  first  person  who  had  estab- 
lished a  private  plantation  in  Virginia,  addressed  the 
following  communication  to  Middlesex,  the  Lord  Treasurer 
of  England. 

Letter  op  John  Bargrave  to  Lord  Treasurer. 

"  Right  No^^°  After  10  yeares  service  in  the  warres  in  the 
summer  tyme  and  at  my  study  in  the  wynter  whereby  in 
some  measure  I  informed  my  Judgment  in  publique  buisi- 
nesse  and  7  yeares  since  now  latelie  spent  in  observing  the 
abuses  of  the  Virginia  Company  and  studdying  the  meanes 
to  rectifie  them,  being  forced  and  necessitated  to  be  an 
earnest  follower  and  studdyer  of  the  same  by  losse  of  my 
Estate  I  may  now  claime  to  my  selfe  the  right  of  being 
Maister  in  that  art,  Challenging  all  others  that  shall 
oppose  what  I  write  and  makeing  it  good  that  it  is  impossi- 
ble for  any  one  (that  shall  newly  enter  into  the  buisinesse) 
to  be  able  to  setle  this  Plantacon,  I  will  take  this  proposi- 
con  for  the  ground  of  my  maister  peece  and  prove  by  right 
reason  (w*'*'  Plato  saith  is  the  ground  of  pollicie)  That 
honors,  liberties  and  freedomes  togeather  w*''  returne  of 
profit,  ordered  to  the  working  of  our  poUitique  Ends, 
would  plant  Virginia  and  worke  those  effectes  wee  all 
aimed  at    * 

"  From  this  ground  I  raise  theis  6  heades 
"1.  First  I  undertake  to  show   the  meanes  to  draw  a 
sufficient  nomber  of  men  that  have  good   Estates  here  to 
plant  in  Virginia  w*^  their  persons  &  goodes  and  to  cause 
the  Planters  in  Virginia  to  plant  Estates  in  England. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  155 

"2.  Secondlie  so  to  seaver  and  divide  the  facultyes  of 
soveraintie  and  the  Com  and  of  the  forces  amongst  those 
men  so  estated  that  they  shall  never  meete  united  in 
power,  but  to  advance  our  politique  end  of  holding  the 
Plantacon  to  of  England. 

"  3.  Thirdlie  by  making  use  of  the  naturall  strength  and 
largenes  of  y^  place  so  to  marshall  those  men  as  they  shall 
not  onelie  make  the  Plantacon  to  spread  and  growe  to 
find  out  the  best  Coihodities  and  inlaroje  the  Kinores 
dominions  but  they  shall  secure  it  both  from  forraine 
Enimies  and  inable  it  to  give  lawes  to  the  domesticke 
Indians. 

"4.  Fourthly  the  imploying  of  those  men  there  to  make 
the  best  &  suddainest  returnes  hither. 

"  5.  Fiftly  the  manageing  and  ordering  those  returnes  so 
as  they  shall  not  onely  supply  and  mantayne  the  Planta- 
con w^'^  apparrell  and  necessaries  but  it  shall  make  a 
publique  stocke  and  Treasure  that  should  increase  as  the 
Plantacon  increaseth. 

"  6.  Sixtlie  and  lastlie  the  dooeing  of  all  theis  thinges  by 
way  of  right  and  interest  to  the  mantenance  of  Justice 
and  peace  and  to  the  Hono""  of  Grod  our  King  and  State. 

"  All  theis  quallityes  being  treated  of  in  five  several! 
Treatises  are  lastlie  composed  into  one  forme  w'^'^  may 
aptlie  be  tearmed  a  militarie  Intendencie  by  Tribe,  it 
being  a  way  not  onelie  to  plant  Garrisons  without  pay  but 
each  Garrison  bringing  w^*"  it  a  certaine  Revenew  to  the 
Crowne  it  shall  tie  Virginia  as  fast  to  England  as  if  it 
were  one  Terra  firing  w**"  it. 


156  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

**  The  hintes  of  it  I  had  from  Charlss  the  5th  and  if  he 
himselfe  or  King  Philip  his  sonne  had  used  the  like  policie 
in  the  West  Indjes,  Low  Countries,  Millaine,  Naples  and 
the  rest  of  his  Provinces  to  mantayne  his  Soverainitye 
there,  he  had  not  spent  so  many  Millions  to  keepe 
Garrisons  as  he  hath  done  neither  would  his  Provinces  be 
so  readie  to  fall  from  him  as  now  they  wilbe  if  his  Plate 
fleet  should  faile  him. 

"  When  I  shall  see  the  Companie  incouraged  and  the 
Comission  goe  forward  so  as  the  deUnquents  being  knowne 
to  ther  King  from  honest  men  a  stocke  may  be  gayned 
out  of  th'  abuses  of  the  Governm3nt  and  that  this  forme 
be  setled  I  doubt  not  but  to  procure  8  or  10  Gentlemen 
that  shall  have  7  or  8,000p  Anii  revenew  to  goe  as  Com- 
missioners into  Virginia  to  setle  it  and  to  be  the  heades 
of  the  first  Colloneyes  and  all  they  shall  demand  of  his 
Ma^^  is  that  he  will  grant  them  the  wardshipp  of  their 
heyres  if  they  shall  dye  in  the  service  now  at  their  first 
goeing.  And  if  his  Ma^^  will  but  grant  me  releife  out  of 
the  Implo\'ment  of  the  said  stocke,  I  will  undertake  on 
payne  of  ray  life  that  what  is  wanting  to  performe  the 
buisines  the  Planter  shall  supplie  and  when  this  is  done  I 
may  glory  in  the  worke  and  bragg  that  I  have  helped  the 
state  to  meanes,  shewed  them  the  way  and  helped  them 
with  instrumentes  to  conquer  and  keepe  in  subjeccon  to 
England  a  State  that  may  grow  to  be  as  great  an  Empire 
as  the  King  of  Spaynes,  the  distance  of  place  no  way 
hindering  it  to  the  bono'"  and  inriching  of  our  King  and 
State  and  to  the  releife  of  thousandes  of  poore  people. 

"  I  ever  said  and  so  I  exprest  myselfe  in  my  Articles  two 
yeares  since  at  the  Councell  boord  that  if  the  buisnes  w*^ 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  157 

the  Company  were  not  tenderlie  bandied 'till  this  publique 
stocke  was  gayned  and  this  forme  were  framed  and  setled 
by  the  Company  we  should  begtnne  at  the  wrong  end  and 
it  would  hinder  the  worke  this  takeing  away  of  the 
Patent  being  a  device  of  the  delinquentes  (like  some  other ' 
they  have  formerlie  used)  hath  so  madded  the  Company 
that  whereas  there  is  80  Articles  put  in  against  the  former 
Governo'"^,  15  of  them  being  against  the  Accomptes  and 
but  3  examined,  they  let  all  goe  now  at  six  and  seaven  and 
will  medle  no  further  and  that  there  cannot  be  a  more 
pleasing  thing  to  the  delinquentes  any  one  may  see  it  by 
some  of  their  earnest  following  it.  For  my  part  I  never 
durst  seeke  to  take  away  the  populer  Government  here 
partlie  because  the  deliverie  up  of  Patents  doth  weaken 
the  Confidence  that  Patentees  should  have  in  them  and 
the  Patent  now  granted  being  to  the  Company  consisting 
of  the  Adventurer  and  Planter  and  the  Govern*  being 
now  in  the  Company  here  if  the  Company  will  by  con- 
senting to  the  forme  transferre  the  Govern*  to  the 
Planter  (to  whom  of  right  it  belonges)  there  is  necessitie 
that  the  Patent  must  be  delivered,  partlie  because  there 
must  by  necessitie  be  such  correspondencie  betweene  the 
Planter  in  Virginia  and  the  Adventurer  here  that  the 
Planter  must  make  noe  lawes  to  bind  the  Estates  of  the 
Adventurer  but  he  must  consent  to  it  either  by  himself  or 
some  other  for  otherwise  no  man  will  adventure  partly 
because  the  consent  ot  all  the  parties  interested  to  the 
forme  will  make  it  the  more  firme  and  perpetuall  partlie 
because  all  changes  of  government  should  be  insensible 
gentlie  &  easie  Partlie  because  this  consent  by  voices  doth 
make  many  adventure   that  otherwise  would  not  Partly 


158  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

because  I  made  a  doubt  whether  the  King  would  take 
the  name  of  the  Plantacon  as  a  worke  of  his  owne  till  he 
saw  it  was  able  to  subsist  and  defend  it  selfe  against 
forreyne  and  domesticke  power  Partly  because  under  the 
name  of  the  publique  (w^^  is  the  Kinges  in  right  of  his 
Soveraintie)  all  the  benifit  of  the  publique  landes  & 
servantes  will  returne  unto  him  though  he  be  no  more 
seene  in  the  buisines  then  formerlie  he  hath  beene.  Lastlie 
the  Plantacon  being  divided  into  petty  CoUonyes  of  300 
in  each  one  of  them,  if  those  CoUonies  shall  nominate  3 
Adventurers  here,  two  of  them  to  be  their  Agentes  to  doe 
their  buisines  as  the  Comittees  doe  now  and  the  third  to 
preconsult  and  make  Contractes  for  the  Planter  w**^  the 
King  or  Company  the  whole  classis  of  those  Preconsulters 
haveing  a  negative  voice,  theis  will  prevent  all  wrong 
done  to  the  Plantacon  and  there  will  nothing  remayne  but 
the  very  name  of  the  Company. 

"  The  Company  feare  that  this  takeing  away  the  Patent 
before  the  abuses  were  examined  was  hatched  at  Alderman 
Johnson's  house  at  Bowe  at  the  Kinges  being  there  that 
the  King  is  now  prest  to  it  by  Sir  Thomas  Smithes  freindes 
of  the  Bedchamber  and  all  is  done  to  conceale  the  falshood 
of  his  accomptes  and  the  grosenes  of  their  Governm*  from 
his  Ma^*"*  knowledge.  They  feare  likewise  that  S*"  Thomas 
Smith,  S''  Samuell  Argoll  and  Alderman  Johnson  standing 
cleare  in  the  Kinges  eyes  and  the  Govern^  being  framed 
that  they  ma}^  doe  w^^  the  Planter  and  Adventurer  what 
they  list  all  their  priviledges  and  rightes  being  taken  from 
them  they  wilbe  made  their  Governors  who  have  beene 
the  principall  abusers  of  them  and  this  that  side  bragge 
of  Some  of  the  Com''^  also  answearing  Peticoners  that  it  is 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  159 

to  no  purpose  for  them  to  medle  any  further  being  the 
King  hath  declared  hiraselfe  to  take  away  the  Govern*  from 
the  Company  and  to  put  it  into  the  handes  of  twelve 
Councellors  that  may  right  their  cause. 

"  The  way  to  right  all  wilbe  the  setling  forward  of  the 
Comission  the  forceing  the  Company  to  make  good  their 
complaintes  the  nomynating  a  Comittee  from  the  board  or 
otherwise  to  examine  and  approve  of  the  forme  of  govern* 
tliat  shalbe  tendered  to  the  Company  and  when  they  shall 
see  that  justice  is  done  this  stocke  is  like  to  be  gayned  and 
that  this  forme  of  governm*  w*^*^  the  King  and  State  doth 
presse  on  them  is  no  such  Bulbegger  as  they  need  to  be 
afraid  of  but  framed  according  to  right  tending  to  the 
good  of  all  parties  interested  for  the  Companies  ease  and 
to  take  away  the  blame  from  them.  If  anything  miscarrie 
for  want  of  Government  the  order  of  the  forme  placeing 
the  same  men  in  the  Governm*  w*^"^  they  themselves  would 
choose  if  the  Govern*  should  remayne  in  their  handes  and 
they  being  by  the  said  forme  to  have  their  Adventures 
secured  to  them  by  the  whole  CoUonyes  wherein  they 
shall  adventure  and  that  this  is  all  the  hurt  that  is 
intended  to  them  I  make  noe  doubt  but  the  States  and 
the  Companies  endes  meeting  in  one  and  the  same  thing 
they  will  imbrace  it  and  the  buisines  will  goe  well  forward. 

"  I  know  (my  good  Lord)  that  in  cases  of  necessitie  all 
States  and  Statesmen  instead  of  following  straight  wayes 
to  compasse  their  endes  are  forced  to  follow  more  oblique 
and  crooked  the  greatnes  of  the  future  good  recompenceth 
the  present  ill  So  Lycurgus  although  his  Pollicie  was  all 
aristocraticall   so  just   as  for  it  he  was  (of  the  Oracle) 


160  VIRGINIA   VETUtiTA. 

tearmed  beloved   of  the  godes   yet  notwithstandinge  he 
being  necessitated  to  set  up  his  govern*  by  Conspiracie  and 
force  he  was  likewise  compelled  to    choose    all  his   first 
Councell  out   of  Conspirators    by  this  rule   of  necessitie 
Romulus  (as  Livie  saith  imitating  other  founders  of  Comon- 
wealthes)   to  draw  people  to  his  new  built  Cittie  erected 
an  Assilum  or  Sanctuary  for  Outlawes  men  indebted  and 
discontented  persons  Junius  Brutus  likewise  in  the  des- 
perate case  of  the  Citie  of  Rome  after  the  battell  of  Canne 
was  forced  for  want    of  men  to    set    at    liberty    all    the 
prisoners  indebted  and  to  discharge  their  debtes  on  condi- 
con  that  they  would  serve  the   State    although  in  theis 
examples  wee  in  our  necessitie  may  intreate  Connivencie 
and  helpe  for  some  industrious  Gentlemen  indebted  and 
decaying  in  their  Estates  by  whose  Industrie  the  States 
turne    may  be  served   and  their  falling  houses    releived. 
This  poUicy  no  question  is  tolerable  and  fitt  but  that  theis 
delinquentes  seeing  their  leaudnes  like  to  be  discovered 
should,  meet    the    storme    in   the    face  and   to  avoid  the 
obloquie  of  their  offences  should  be  suffred  to  compound 
under  hand  and  under  a  color  of  their  love  to  the  Plan- 
tacon  and  a  desire  to  see  the  mann ageing  of  it,  by  conceal- 
ing their  wronges  done  should  thrust  all  the  disgrace  from 
themselves  upon  others  it    being  a  most   sure    rule  that 
nothing  makes  a  State  more  flerish  then  a  due  adminis- 
tracon  of  rewardes  and  punishmentes,  this  must  needes  be 
by  the  rule  of  state  intollerable  and  the  more  intollerable 
because  the  State  at  this  tynie  both  here  and  in  Virginia, 
longes  for  examples  in  this  kind.     The  limitacon  of  the 
soveraigne  faculties  amongst  the  Councell  and  Magistrates 
in  Virginia,  wholy  consisting  in  the  severe  punishment  of 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  161 

all  incroachment  upon  soveraigne  power  further  then  the 
forme  giveth  leave  they  therefore  that  shall  robb  the 
Comonwealth  of  this  example  shall  robb  it  of  it  life. 
Whereas  therefore  the  foresaid  delinquentes  takeing  ad- 
vantage on  his  Ma*®^  direccon  against  such  as  did  not 
make  good  theis  Complaintes  that  they  shall  suffer  the 
same  punishm*  that  the  delinquentes  should  yf  their 
Complantes  prove  not  true  did  thereupon  by  the  Kinges 
direccon  cause  the  Complaintes  in  the  name  of  the  Com- 
panie  to  cease  because  such  punishment  could  not  be 
inflicted  upon  the  Companie  as  might  upon  private  persons 
whereby  they  did  for  a  long  time  hinder  the  buisines 
before  proceedings  of  the  Cour*^  till  such  time  as  the  boord 
did  order  it,  that  against  such  delinquentes  as  were  instru- 
mentes  of  the  Company  they  might  complaine  (it  being  but 
a  device  like  this  of  takeing  away  the  Patent)  to  hinder 
the  proceedinges  of  the  Complaintes.  If  therefore  his  Ma"® 
will  suffer  a  bill  to  be  drawne  in  my  name  (I  makeing 
choice  of  the  Companies  Articles  and  proofes  that  shalbe 
laid  in  the  said  bill  and  wdll  continew  my  protecon 
and  give  unto  me  the  4th  part  of  what  shalbe  recovered 
to  recompense  my  losse,  I  will  undertake  skinne  for 
skinne  that  nothing  shalbe  laid  against  them  but  shalbe 
proved  And  if  the  other  partie  will  doe  the  like  against 
S""  Edwyn  Sandys  or  any  others  of  the  Companie  the 
buisines  wilbe  by  this  meanes  fully  censured  so  prayeing 
for  yo'"  LoPP*  increase  of  bono'"  I  rest 

*'  Yo''  Lo'P^  to  com  and 

"  John  Bargrave." 

In  April,  1624,  the  Company  determined  to  bring  their 
troubles,  to  the  notice  of  the  House  of  Commons,  but  the 
21 


162  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

King  hearing  that  a  petition  had  been  presented,  wrote  the 
following  •} 

"  Whereas  wee  have  taken  notice  that  some  of  the 
Virginia  Compagnie  have  present  a  Petition  to  our  House 
of  Commons,  and  doubting  it  might  occasion  the  repetition 
and  renewinL^  of  those  Discords  and  Contentions  which 
have  been  amongst  them,  and  which  by  our  great  care, 
and  the  Directions  of  our  Counsell  are  in  good  way  to  be 
composed.  Wee  do  signify  to  our  House  of  Commons  : 
that  wee  hold  it  very  nnfitt  for  the  Parliam^  to  trouble 
themselves  with  those  Matters,  which  can  produce  nothing, 
but  a  further  increase  [of]  Schisme  and  Faction,  and  dis- 
turbe  the  happy  and  peacea*''^  proceeding  of  the  Parliam* 
which  wee  hope  your  cares  (as  hitherto  they  have  done) 
shall  concurr  with  ours  to  bring  a  good  issue.  As  for 
these  buisinesses  of  Virginia,  and  the  Barmudoes,  ourself 
have  taken  them  to  heart,  and  will  make  it  our  own 
worke  to  settle  the  quiet,  and  welfare  of  those  Plantations, 
and  will  bee  ready  to  do  any  thing  that  may  bee  for  the 
real  benefitt  and  advancem*  of  them.  This  wee  thought 
good  to  intimate,  not  out  of  favour,  respect  or  mediation 
of  any  party,  but  of  our  own  Princely  love.  And  we 
earnestly  desire  to  remove  all  occasion  that  might  disturbe 
the  peace  of  it,  or  hinder  you  from  your  more  great  and 
weighty  occasions  and  assure  ourself,  our  House  of  Com- 
mons will  take  in  good  part  and  correspond  with  us 
herein,  as  they  have  in  all  things  else  during  this  Session. 
Given  at  Windsor,  ApriU  2S,  1624." 


^  Given  in  Lefroy's  Bermudas,  Vol.  1,  p.  336.  Seven  weeks  after 
this  letter  was  presented,  on  June  16,  the  Charter  of  the  Virginia 
Company  was  declared  by  Chief  Justice  Ley  to  be  null  and  void. 
See  History  of  VirgiJiia  Company,  pp.  415-419. 


CHAPTER   XVII. 

EFFORTS    TO  PROMOTE    CHRISTIANITY  AND    EDUCATION    IN 
VIRGINIA  AND  SOMERS  ISLANDS. 

Rev.  Robert  Hunt. 

|ITH  the  first  expedition  under  Newport,  which 
left  the  Thames,  in  1606,  sailed  the  Rev.  Robert 
Hunt,  as  a  spiritual  guide  and  teacher  of  the 
Colonists.  He  had  lived  in  Kent,  but  nothing 
is  certainly  know  of  his  antecedents.  During  the  winter 
of  1607-8,  his  library  was  destroyed  by  fire  at  Jamestown, 
before  the  summer  of  1609,  he  had  died.  Captain  John 
Smith  alludes  to  him  as  one  who  by  his  conduct  exhibited 
love  for  Christ,  and  charity  for  fellow  men. 


Rev.  Richard  Buck. 

.  The  Rev.  Richard  Buck  or  Bucke,  said  to  have  been 
an  Oxford  student,  accompanied  Gates  and  Somers  in  the 
ship  "  Sea  Venture  "  which  went  to  pieces  on  the  rocks  of 
the  Bermudas.  He  reached  Jamestown,  in  May,  1610, 
and  Rolfe  in  1616  calls  him  "  a  very  good  preacher."  In 
1619  he  made  the  prayer  at  the  opening  of  the  first  elect- 
ive legislative  assembly  of  Europeans  in  North  America. 
The  time  of  his  marriage  cannot  be  ascertained,  but  about 
the  year  1611,  his  wife  had  a  daughter  christened  by  the 


164  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

name  of  Mara,  three  years  later  he  had  a  son  which  was 
named  Gershom.  and  m  the  year  1616  his  wife  gave  him 
another  son,  a  child  of  sorrow,  well  called  Benoni.  He  did 
not  chuckle  and  laugh  in  childish  glee,  he  had  a  vacant 
stare,  and  it  was  soon  known  that  he  would  not  be  able 
to  measure  a  yard  of  cloth,  number  twenty,  or  rightly 
name  the  days  of  the  week,  and  that  he  under  the  English 
Statute  was  a  "  natural  fool,"  the  first  in  Virginia.  Still 
another  sou  was  born  about  1619,  and  before  the  close  of 
1624,  Mr.  Buck  was  dead. 

Poole  and  Glover. 

Sir  Thomas  Dale  mentions  that  Mr.  Poole  preached  on 
the  afternoon  of  his  arrival  at  Jamestown,  which  was 
Sunday,  the  19th  of  May,  1611,  and  in  the  second  expedi- 
tion of  Sir  Thomas  Gates,  which  arrived  in  August,  came 
Glover,  "  an  approved  preacher  in  Bedford  and  Hunting- 
donshire, a  graduate  of  Cambridge,  reverenced  and  re- 
spected," one  who  was  in  easy  circumstances  and  advanced 
in  years.     He  lived  but  a  short  time  after  his  arrival. 


Alexai-jber    \Vhitaker. 

Alexander  Whitaker  also  in  1611,  arrived  with  Gates. 
The  son  of  the  distinguished  head  of  Saint  John's  College, 
Cambridge,  he  believed  with  his  father,  that  "  he  is  a 
perfect  minister  who  has  learned  the  scriptural  doctrine, 
and  explained  it  to  the  people  \  and  that,  is  a  true  and 
perfect  clmrch  which  receives  and  cherishes  such  doctrine." 
He  discarded  the  surplice  and  wrote  to  England :  "  Every 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  165 

Sabbath  day  we  preach  in  the  forenoon  and  catechize  in 
the  afternoon.  Every  Saturday,  at  night,  I  exercise  in 
Sir  Thomas  Dale's  house.  Our  church  affairs  be  consulted 
on  by  the  Minister,  and  four  of  the  most  religious  men." 
Rolfe  mentions  him  in  1616  "as  a  good  divine"  at 
Bermuda  Hundred.  The  painting  in  the  rotunda  of  the 
Capitol  represents  Whitaker  in  a  surplice,  and  in  other 
respects,  is  at  variance  with  the  truth  of  history.  In 
a  letter^  to  Crashaw,  Preacher  of  the  Temple,  dated 
Jamestown,  August  9,  1611,  Whitaker^  wrote  : 

"  I  should  more  admire  Virginia  w'th  the  Inhabitants 
yf  I  did  not  remember  that  Egipt  was  exceedinge  fruitfull, 
that  Canaan  flowed  with  milke  and  hony  before  Israel 
did  overrunne  it.  and  that  Sodom  was  like  the  garden  of 
God  in  the  dayes  of  Lott.  Only  I  thinke  that  the  Lord 
hath  spared  this  people  and  inriched  the  bowells  of  the 
country  with  the  riches  and  bewty  of  nature  that  we 
wantinge  them  might  in  the  search  of  them  Comunicate 
the  most  excellent  m'chandize  and  treasure  of  the  Gospell 
w'th  them.  God  hath  heretofore  most  horribly  plagued 
our  Contrimen  w'th  famine,  death  the  sword,  &c.,  for  the 
sins  of  our  men  were   intollerable.     I  marvell  more  that 


^  Communicated  to  the  MichniondJSta?} dard  February  4,  1882,  by 
G.  D.  Scull,  Esq.,  Oxford,  England. 

*  Whitaker  was  the  cousin  of  the  Rev.  William  Gouge,  the  re- 
spected minister  of  Black  Friars,  London.  A  Rev.  William  Gough 
or  Gouge  died  at  Jamestown,  Va.,  in  1683  and  is  supposed  to  have 
been  a  relative  of  Alexander  Whitaker.  The  daughter  of  this  Rev. 
Mr.  Gough  married  a  John  Whitaker  ;  and  a  correspondent  of  the 
Hichmond  Standard  in  October,  1880,  mentions  that  the  tombstone 
of  John  is  still  standing  near  Jamestown. 


166  VIRGINIA    YETUSTA. 

God  did  not  sweepe  them  away  all  att  once,  then  that  he 
did  in  such  manner  punishe  them.  Yet  he  in  the  midest 
of  his  anger  remembered  mercy,  and  mindeinge  nowe  (as 
we  hope)  to  fulfill  his  purpose  and  sett  up  the  kingdorae 
of  his  Sonne  on  their  p'ts  most  miraculously  w'th  stood 
many  times  the  purposes  of  our  men  whoe  were  retourn- 
inge  home,  and  now  agine  w'th  farre  more  successive 
p'ceedings  and  better  hopes  doth  preserve  us  here.  As 
for  me  God  hath  dealt  mercifully  w'th  me  beyond  my 
friends'  opinion  and  my  owne  hopes.  My  coming  hither 
was  p's'pous  and  my  Continuance  here  hath  been  Answera- 
ble I  thinke  I  have  fared  better  for  yo'r  prayers  and  the 
rest.  Yf  there  be  any  young  godly  and  learned  Ministers 
whom  the  Church  of  England  hath  not  or  refuseth  to  sett 
a  worke  send  them  thither.  Our  harvest  is  forward  and 
great  for  want  of  such  younge  men  are  fittest  for  this 
Country,  and  we  have  noe  need  either  of  ceremonies  or 
bad  livers.  Discretion  and  learninge,  zeale  w'th  knowl- 
edge would  doo  much  good.  I  have  much  more  to  write, 
but  nowe  can  noe  more,  besides  my  prayers  to  God  for 
a  blessinge  on  our  laboures  ftarewell  yo'r  lovinge  friend." 

Before  June,  1617,  Whitaker  was  drowned, 

William  Wickham. 

William  Wickham,  without  Episcopal  ordination  took 
his  place  at  Henrico,  and  Rolfe  in  1616,  writes:  "Mr. 
Wm.  AYickham  minister  there  who  in  his  life  and  doctrine 
gives  good  examples,  and  godly  instructions  to  the  people." 
On  the  9th  of  June,  1617,  Governor  Argall  requests  Sir 
Dudley  Digges  to  obtain  from  the  Archbishop  a  permit 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  167 

for  Mr.  Wickham  to  administer  the  sacrament  as  there 
was  no  other  person,  and  the  next  March  he  desired 
"ordination  for  M'  Wickham  and  M'  Macock  a  Cam- 
bridge scholar,  also  a  person  to  read  to  M'  Wickham,  his 
eyes  being  weak." 

William  Mease. 

Another  minister,  William  Mease,  came  about  1611  to 
Virginia,  was  in  charge  in  1616  at  Hampton,  remained 
ten  years,  and  in  1623  was  in  England. 

College  for  Indian  Youth, 

In  the  year  1617,  James  the  First  addressed  the  follow- 
ing letter  to  his  Archbishop. 

"  Most  Reuerend  Father  in  God,  right  trustie  and  well 
beloved  Counsellor,  Wee  greete  you  well. 

"You  haue  heard  ere  this  time  of  y®  attempt  of  diuerse  " 
Worthie  men,  our  Subjects  to  plant  in  Virginia  (under 
y^  warrant  of  our  L'res  patents)  People  of  this  Kingdom, 
as  well  as  for  y**  enlarging  of  our  Dominions,  as  for  propa- 
gation of  y^  Gospell  amongst  Infidells  :  wherein  there  is 
good  progresse  made,  and  hope  of  further  increase ;  so  as 
the  undertakers  of  that  Plantation  are  now  in  hand  w''^ 
the  erecting  of  some  Churches  and  Schooles  for  y^  educa- 
tion ofy®  children  of  those  Barbarians  w'ch  cannot  but  be 
to  them  a  very  great  charge,  and  aboue  the  expence  w*^'^ 
for  the  civil  plantation  doth  come  to  them.  In  w^^  wee 
doubt  not  but  that  you  and  all  others  who  wish  well  to 
the  encrease  of  Christian  Religion  will  be  willing  to  give 
all  assistance  and  furtherance  you  may,  and  therein  to 


168  VIRGINIA   VJETUSTA. 

make  experience  of  the  zeal  and  deuotion  of  our  well 
minded  Subjects,  especially  those  of  y^  Clergie.  Where 
fore  Wee  doe  require  you  and  hereby  authorize  you  to 
write  y*^""  Letters  to  y^  severall  Bishops  of  y®  Dioceses  in  y°' 
Province,  that  they  doe  giue  order  to  the  Ministers  and 
other  zealous  men  of  their  Dioceses,  both  by  their  owne 
example  in  contribution,  and  by  exhortation  to  others,  to 
move  our  people  within  their  seuerall  charges  to  contribute 
to  so  good  a  Worke  in  as  liberall  a  manner  as  they  may 
for  the  better  aduancing  whereof  our  pleasure  is  that  those 
Collections  be  made  in  the  particular  parishes  four  seuerall 
tymes  within  these  two  years  next  corning  :  and  that  the 
seuerall  accounts  of  each  parish  together  w*^  the  moneys 
collected,  be  retourned  from  time  to  time  to  y^  Bishop  of 
y®  Dioceses,  and  by  them  be  transmitted  half  yearly  to 
you;  and  so  to  be  deliuered  to  the  Treasurer  of  that 
Plantation  to  be  employed  for  the  Godly  purposes  intended 
and  no  other." 

Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Virginia  Com- 
pany, on  May  26, 1619,  made  a  report  as  to  the  result  of 
the  above  order.^ 

Legacy  of  Widow  Mary  Robinson. 

The  Church  of  St.  Olave,  Hart  Street,  is  one  of  the  few 
churches  in  London,  that  escaped  the  great  fire  more  than 
two  hundred  years  ago.  Among  its  respected  parishioners 
in  1618  was  a  rich  widow,  who  lived  on  Mark  Lane  in  the 
vicinity,  named  Mary  Robinson.     Her  first  husband,  John 


^  For  report  see  History  of  Virginia  Company,  pp.  146-150. 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  169 

Wanton,  a  Searcher  of  the  Customs  on  the  15th  of  August, 
1592,  was  buried  at  St.  Olaves,  and  in  less  than  a  year 
after  his  death,  on  the  26th  of  February,  1592-3,  she 
married  the  Chief  Searclier  of  Customs,  John  Robinson, 
whose  name  appears  in  the  first  Charter  of  the  Virginia 
Company,  who  was  also  buried  on  December  13,  1609  at 
St.  Olaves.  The  widow  on  October  13,  1618,  was  buried 
with  the  remains  of  her  husbands,  and  in  her  will,  were 
numerous  charitable  bequests,  one  of  which,  is  in  these 
words  :  "  I  give  and  bequeth  towardes  the  helpe  of  the 
poore  people  in  Virginia,  towardes  the  buildinge  of  a 
Churche,  and  reducinge  them  to  the  knowledge  of  God's 
worde,  the  some  of  two  hundred  poundes  to  be  bestowed 
at  the  discreacon  of  my  cozen  Sir  John  Wolstenholme, 
Knight  with  th'advise  and  consulte  of  four  others  of  the 
chiefest  of  Virginia  Company,  within  two  yeares  nexte 
after  my  decease." 

On  the  18th  of  November,  1618,  the  Company  ordered 
that  preparation  be  made  for  the  college  for  the  children 
of  the  infidel  Indians,  and  ten  thousand  acres  at  Henrico, 
were  set  apart  for  the  endowment  of  the  institution.^ 

Governor  Yeardley,  in  1619,  reported  that  he  found  in 
Virginia  three  ministers  in  orders,  and  two  without,  and 
that  at  Henrico  was  "  a  poor  ruinated  church  ;"  and  a 
church  of  wood  twenty  by  fifty  feet  in  size,  built  at  the 
expense  of  the  people,  at  Jamestown. 


'  Notices  of   the  proposed  college   may  be  found   in  History  of 
Virginia  Company,  pp.  137,  139,  152,  184,  329,  etc. 

22 


170  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Report  ox  Projected  College. 

The  Committee  on  the  College,  consisting  of  Sir  Dudley 
Digges,  Sir  John  Danvers,  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich,  Sir  John 
"Wolstenholme,  Mr.  Deputy  Ferrar,  Mr.  Dr.  Anthon}^,  and 
Mr.  Dr.  Gulson,  on  the  24th  of  June,  1619,  "delivered  over 
their  proceedings  which  the  Court  allowed,  being  this  that 
foUoweth. 

"  On  June  the  24th  the  committee  by  the  last  court 
appointed  for  the  college  having  met,  as  they  were  desired, 
delivered  over  their  proceedings,  which  the  court  allowed, 
being  this  that  foUoweth  : 

"  A  note  of  what  kind  of  men  and  most  fit  to  be  sent 
to  Virginia  in  the  next  intended  voyage  of  transporting 
one  hundred  men. 

"  A  minister  to  be  entertained  at  the  yearly  allowance 
of  forty  pounds,  and  to  have  fifty  acres  of  land  for  him 
and  his  forever ;  to  be  allowed  his  transportation  and  his 
man's  at  the  company's  charge,  and  ten  pounds  to  furnish 
himself  with  all. 

"  A  captain  thought  fit,  to  be  considered  of,  to  take 
charge  of  such  people  as  are  to  be  planted  on  the  college 
land. 

"  All  the  people  at  this  first  sending,  except  some  soon 
to  be  sent  as  well  for  planting  the  college  and  public  land, 
to  be  single  men,  unmarried. 

"  A  warrant  to  be  made  and  directed  to  Sir  Thomas 
Smith  for  the  payment  of  the  collection  money  to  Sir 
Edwin  Sandys,  treasurer,  and  that  Dr.  Gulstone  shall  be 
entreated  to  present  unto  my  Lord  Primate  of  Canterbury 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  171 

such  letters  to  be  signed  for  the   speedy  paying  of  the 
moneys  from  every  diocese  which  yet  remain  unpaid. 

"  The  several  sorts  of  tradesmen  and  others  for  the 
college  land :  smiths,  carpenters,  bricklayers,  turners, 
potters,  husbandmen,  brickmakers. 

'•  And  whereas,  according  to  the  standing  order,  seven 
were  chosen  by  the  court  to  be  of  the  committee  for  the 
college,  the  said  order  allowing  no  more,  and,  inasmuch  as 
Mr.  John  Wroth  came  in  error  to  be  left  out,  he  is  there- 
fore now  desired  to  be  an  assistant  with  them,  and  to  give 
them  meeting  at  such  time  and  place  as  is  agreed  of." 

Legacy  of  Five  Hundred  Pounds. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Companj^  on  the  2d  of  February, 
1619-20,  it  was  announced  that  an  unknown  person  was 
willing  to  give  Five  Hundred  pounds  for  the  Christian 
education  of  young  Indians,  and  a  special  committee,  of 
which  Lord  Paget  was  the  head,  was  appointed  to  consider 
the  matter. 

On  this  same  day  a  patent^  was  granted  to  John  Peirce 
and    his    associates    to    transport    certain    persons,    the 


*  The  members  present  when  Peirce's  patent  was  ratified,  were 

William,  Earl  of  Pembroke  Mr.  Thomas  Gibbs 
Henry,  Earl  of  Southampton  "     Samuel  Wrote 

Robert,  Earl  of  Warwick  Capt.  Bargrave 
James,  Viscount  Doncaster  "     Rogers 

Lord  Cavendish  "     Bamfield 

Lord  Pagett  "     Kuightley 

Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  Kt.  and  Treas.       *'     James  Swifte 
"   Thomas  Roe  "     Bamforde 

"    Dudley  Digges  "     Wheatley 


172  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Puritans  of  Leydon,  to  Virginia,  and  it  was  proposed  by 
Sir  John  Wolstenholme  that  John  Peirce  and  associates 
"  might  have  the  training  and  bringing  up  of  some  of  these 
children."  The  Committee  thought  it  inexpedient  and  so 
reported  on  the  16th  of  February,  for  Peirces'  party,  to 
use  their  language,  '•'  intend  not  to  go  this  two  or  three 
months^,  and  then  after  their  arrival  will  be  long  in 
settling  themselves." 

George  Keith. 
George  Keth  or  Keith  in  1617,  when  thirty- three  years 
of  age,  arrived  in  Virginia  from  Bermudas,  where  he  had 
been  the  first  minister,  and  brought  with  him  in  the  ship 
"  George  "  his  wife,  and  son  John  aged  six  years. 

Thomas  Baegrave. 

Thomas  Bargrave,    the   nephew   of  Dr.   Bargrave  the 
Dean  of  Canterbury,  and  of  Capt.  John  Bargrave,  with  a 

Sir  Thomas  Gates  Capt.  Berblock 

"    John  Daiivers  "  Briggs 

"    Henry  Rumfforde  "  Cramer 

"   Nathaniel  Rich  "  Edwards 

"    John  Wolstenholme  "  Couell 

"    Henry  Jones  "  Woodall 

*'   Thomas  Wroth  "  Carswell 

Dr.  Anthony  "  Swinhow 

"    Gulston  "  Moore 

''    Winston  "  Roberts 

"    Bohune  "  Sparrow 

Mr.  John  Wroth  "  Mellinger 
"     Ferrar,  Deputy                                          and  others. 

1  The  "  May  Flower  "  under  Peirce's  patent  in  1620  left  England. 
On  February  2,  1619-20,  the  Company  ordered  that  the  leaders  of 


VIRGINIA    VETUHTA.  173 

Mr.  Ward,  in  1619,  established  the  first  private  plantation 
in  Virginia,  on  the  south  side  of  James  River,  and  called 
Ward's  Plantation.  This  minister  died  in  1621,  and  left 
his  library,  valued  at  about  seventy  pounds,  to  the  pro- 
jected college  for  Indians,  at  Henrico. 

David  Sandis. 

David  Sands  or  Sandys  came  in  1620,  in  the  ship 
"  Bona  Ventura,"  and  first  dwelt  at  John  Utie's  plantation 
at  Hog  Island.  In  July,  1624,  he  petitioned  for  relief 
from  calumny  derogatory  to  his  profession.  Early  in 
1625  he  was  at  the  plantation  of  Captain  Samuel  Matthews 
within  the  precincts  of  James  City.  He  may  have  been 
the  David,  to  whom  his  kinsman.  Archbishop  Sandys, 
bequeathed  a  small  legacy. 

JoiSTAS  Stockton. 

In  the  ship  "  Bona  Nova,"  which  arrived  in  January, 
1621,  came  Jonas  Stockton,  then  about  thirty-five  years  of 
age.  For  a  time  he  preached  at  Henrico,  but  in  the 
census  of  January,  1625,  he  is  registered  at  Elizabeth  City, 
and  a  Timothy  Stockton  then  fourteen  years  of  age. 

Robert  Paulett. 

The  same  day  a  patent  was  granted  to  John  Peirce  to 
transport    the   colonists   from    Ley  den,    William    Tracy, 

particular  plantations,  with  their  tenants  and  servants,  should  have 
liberty  to  make  orders,  ordinances  and  constitutions  for  the  better 
ordering  and  directing  of  their  servants  and  business,  provided 
they  were  not  in  conflict  with  the  laws  of  England.  Some  months 
afterwards,  in  the  cabin  of  the  May  Flower,  in  accordance  with 
this  order,  a  body  politic  was  formed  — See  History  of  Virginia 
Company^  page  129. 


174  ,        VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Esquire,  father-in-law  of  Capt.  Nathaniel  Powell,  and 
associates  were  authorized  to  transport  people  to  Virginia. 
The  Tracy  Company  hired  a  ship  of  Mr.  Williams  of 
Bristol,  of  which  Tobias  Felgate  was  pilot.  It  sailed  in 
March,  1620,  and  among  the  passengers  was  George 
Thorpe,  who  had  been  a  gentleman  of  the  King's  Privy 
Chamber,  and  was  appointed  Deputy  Governor  of  the 
college  lands.  Tracy  left  England  on  the  18th  of  the 
next  September,  and  among  those  who  settled  with  Tracy 
was  the  Rev.  Robert  Paulet  or  Pawlett,  who  came  out  in 
the  three-fold  capacity  of  preacher,  physician  and  surgeon. 
The  London  Company  chose  him  as  one  of  the  councillors 
under  Governor  Wyatt  in  1621,  but  he  did  not  accept 
the  office  because  the  adventurers  of  Martin's  Hundred  felt 
that  their  business  required  his  presence  continually. 

Hawte  Wyatt. 

In  the  ship  •'  George,"  in  October,  1621,  Hawte  AVyatt 
whose  maternal  grandfather  was  Sir  William  Hawte, 
arrived  with  his  brother,  the  new  Governor.  He  remained 
about  three  years,  and  upon  his  return  to  England  showed 
some  Puritan  sympathy.  On  the  3d  of  October  1632  he 
became  Vicar  of  Bexly,  Kent,  the  seat  of  his  ancestors  and 
on  July  31,  1638,  died. 

Fbancis  Bolton. 

Francis  Bolton  also  came  with  Governor  Wyatt  and  first 
was  at  Elizabeth  Cit}'^,  but  in  1623  he  was  the  minister  of 
the  plantation  on   the  eastern  shore   of  the   Chesapeake 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  175 

Bay.  After  Wyatt  he  appears  to  have  been  the  minister 
at  Jamestown.  Thomas  Warnett,  a  merchant  of  that 
place,  in  his  will  dated  February  13,  1629-30,  gives  to 
ii  M''  Francis  Boulton,  Minister,  one  firkin  of  butter,  one 
bushel  of  white  salt,  six  pounds  of  candles,  one  pound  of 
pepper,  one  pound  of  ginger,  two  bushels  of  meal,  one 
rundlett  of  ink,  six  quires  of  writing  paper,  and  one  pair 
of  silk  stockings."^ 

William  Bennett. 

In  the  ship  "Sea  Flower"  in  1621,  arrived  William 
Bennett,  who  preached  at  the  plantation  settled  under  the 
auspices  of  Edward  Bennett,  a  London  merchant,  in  the 
Warosquoyak  district  on  the  lower  side  of  James  River. 
There  is  a  warrant,  on  record,  dated  November  20th, 
1623,  relative  to  collecting  the  salary  of  William  Bennett 
for  two  years.  His  wife  came  in  the  "  Abiirail  "  in  July, 
1622,  and  in  1624  he  died.  Catharine  the  widow,  was  in 
January,  1624-5,  twenty-four  years  old,  and  with  William 
an  infant  but  three  weeks  of  age,  was  residing  at  Shirley. 

Thomas  White. 

In  December,  1621,  Thomas  White  arrived  in  the  ship 
"  Warwick."  Governor  Wyatt  the  next  month  writes  to 
the  London  Company  :  "  The  information  given  you  of 
the  want  of  worthy  ministers  here  is  very  true,  and  there- 
fore we  must  give  you  great  thanks  for  sending  out  Mr. 


^  Genealogical  gleanings  of  H.   F.    Waters. — N.    E.  Hist.    Gen. 
Hegister,  April,  1884. 


176  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Thomas  White.  It  is  our  earnest  request  that  you  would 
be  pleased  to  send  us  out  many  more  learned  and  sincere 
ministers  of  which  there  is  so  great  want  in  so  many  parts 
of  the  country." 

William  Leate. 

Humphrey  Slaney,  one  of  the  prominent  members  of  the 
Company,  informed  them  that  Mr.  Leate  a  man  of 
"  civil  and  good  carriage  "  formerly  a  preacher  in  New 
Foundland  was  desirous  to  go  to  Virginia,  and  would  put 
the  Company  to  no  charge  except  for  necessaries,  and 
such  books  as  should  be  useful  to  him.  A  committee  con- 
ferred with  him  and  asked  him  to  preach  at  St.  Sythe's 
Church  on  the  second  verse  of  the  9  th  chapter  of  Isaiah, 
which  he  did  to  their  acceptance,  and  he  afterwards  sailed 
for  Virginia.  On  the  10th  of  July,  1622,  the  Company 
wrote :  "  We  send  over  Mr.  William  Leate  a  n;inister 
recommended  unto  us  for  sufficiency  of  learning  and 
integrity  of  life."  In  less  than  six  months  he  died  and 
Governor  Wyatt  replied  '''  The  little  experience  we  have 
of  M""  Leate  made  good  your  commendations  of  him  and 
his  death  to  us  very  grievous." 

Greville  Poolet. 

Greville  Pooley  arrived  in  the  "  James,"  in  1622,  and 
resided  at  Fleur  Dieu  Hundred,  on  the  south  side  of  James 
River,  adjoining  Jordan's  plantation.  Samuel  Jordan,  a 
few  months  after  Pooley's  arrival  died,  and  the  burial 
service  was  read  by  this  minister.  Jordan's  widow  Cecily 
or  Cecilia,  was  about  twenty-three  years  of  age,  and  had 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  177 

two  daughters,  one  two  years  old,  and  the  other  a  mere 
infant. 

A  few  days  after  the  funeral,  Pooley  courted  the  widow, 
and  was  encouraged.  But  at  a  later  period  William 
Ferrar,  who  left  London  with  Lord  Delaware  in  1618,  in 
the  "  Neptune,"  another  neighbor  and  brother  of  the 
Deputy  Governor  of  the  London  Company,  proposed  and 
was  accepted.  Pooley  complained  to  the  Governor  and 
Council  in  Virginia,  and  his  complaint  was  referred  to  the 
Company  in  London.  In  the  Transactions  of  the  Com- 
pany under  date  of  April  21,  1624,  is  the  following; 
"  Papers  were  read,  w^hereof  one  containing  certain  exam- 
inations touching  a  difference  between  M"*  Pooley  and  M" 
Jordan  referred  unto  the  Company  here  for  answer,  and 
the  Court  requested  D'  Samuel  Purchas,  the  divine,  and 
historian,  to  confer  with  some  civilians,  and  advise  what 
answer  was  fit  to  be  returned  in  such  a  case." 

In  January,  1625,  a  muster  of  the  inhabitants  of  Jordan's 
Journey  was  taken,  and  is  called  the  "  Muster  of  M' 
William  Ferrar  and  M'*  Jordan,"  and  at  the  same  time 
Pooley  was  living  at  Piersey's  Hundred,  and  had  two  in- 
dentured servants. 

A  few  months  later,  the  Governor  of  Virginia  issued 
the  following  order :  ''  Whereas  to  the  great  contempt  of 
the  Majesty  of  God,  and  ill  example  to  others,  certain 
women  within  this  Colony  have  of  late  contrary  to  the 
laws  ecclesiastical  of  the  realm  of  England,  contracted 
themselves  to  two  several  men,  at  one  time,  whereby  much 
trouble  doth  grow  between  parties,  and  the  Governor  and 
Council  of  State  much  disquieted.  To  prevent  the  like 
oflfense  to  others  hereafter,  it  is  by  the  Governor  and 
23 


178  VIRGINIA   VETUSTA. 

Council  ordered  in  Court,  that  every  minister  give  notice 
in  his  church  to  his  parishioners,  that  what  man  or  woman 
soever  shall  use  any  words  or  speech  tending  to  the  contract 
of  marriage,  though  not  right  and  legal,  yet  may  so  en- 
tangle and  breed  struggle  in  their  consciences,  shall  for 
the  third  offense  undergo  either  corporal  punishment,  or 
other  punishment,  by  fine  or  otherwise,  according  to  the 
guilt  of  the  person  so  offending." 

A  Rev.  Mr.  Poolej'  and  family  were  massacred  by  the 
Indians  in  1629^  and  perhaps,  it  was  Greville  who  may 
have  found  another  woman  to  love. 


Free  School  fob  E.vglish  Youth  projected. 

Patrick  Copland  or  Copeland,  with  a  zeal  like  the 
accomplished  Henry  Martyns',  a  century  and  a  half  later, 
in  the  days  of  King  James,  was  interested  in  the  propaga- 
tion of  Christianity  in  India,  Persia,  and  China.  As  early 
as  1613  he  was  a  preacher  of  the  East  India  Company, 
and  the  next  year  returned  to  England  with  a  lad  wiiom 
he  had  taught  by  signs  "  to  speak,  to  read  and  write  the 
English  tongue  and  hand,  both  Roman  and  Secretary 
within  less  than  the  space  of  a  year."  On  the  22d  of 
December,  1616,  his  pupil  "  as  the  first  fruits  of  India  " 
was  publicly  baptized  in  St.  Dennis's  Church,  Fenchurch 
Street,  London.  Early  in  1617,  Copland  sailed  for  India 
as  Chaplain  of  the  "  Royal  James "   whose  commander 


'  Letter  of  Joseph  Made  to  Sir  Martin  Stuteville. —  Court  in  Times 
of  Charles  the  First. 


VIRGINIA    VETUISTA.  179 

was  Martin  Pring,  who  had  explored  the  north  Atlantic 
coast  of  America.  While  sailing  with  the  East  India  fleet 
he  became  acquainted  with  Capt.  Newport  and  Sir  Thomas 
Dale  who  were  in  comand  of  vessels  cruising  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal  and  Chinese  Sea,  and  through  them  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Virginia  Colony. 

While  in  1621,  the  "  Royal  James  "  was  returning  to 
England,  he  took  up  a  collection  of  more  than  seventy 
pounds^  for  Virginia,  and  when  the  vessel  anchored  in  the 
Thames,  in  September,  he  notified  the  London  Company, 
and  in  appreciation  of  his  thoughtfulness,  he  was  made  a 
free  brother.  The  Company  decided  to  establish  an 
English  Free  School  at  Charles  City  to  be  called  the  East 
India  School,  and  to  be  dependent  upon  the  projected 
college  at  Henrico. 

In  April,  1622,  Copland  preached  before  the  Virginia 
Company,  and  the  next  June,  Leonard  Hudson,  a  carpen- 
ter, with  his  wife  and  five  apprentices  sailed  from  England 
to  erect  the  school  building  at  Charles  City.  On  July  3, 
1622,  the  Company  also  gave  a  receipt  for  £47,  16s,  which 
the  gentlemen  mariners  of  the  East  India  Company  had 
given  toward  laying  the  foundation  of  a  church  in 
Virginia. 


'  The  following  publication  was  issued  : 

"  A  Declaration  how  the  monies,  viz  :  £70,  s8.  c?6,  were  disposed 
which  was  gathered,  (by  W  Patrick  Copland,  preacher  in  the 
Royal  James,)  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  (towards  the  building  of 
a  free  school  in  Virginia)  of  the  gentlemen  and  manners  in  said 
ship,  a  list  'of  whose  names  are  under  specified.  London.  Felix 
Kynston.     1622."     4to.  7  pages. 


180  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

At  this  time,  Copland  was  elected  Rector  of  the  intended 
college  at  Henrico,  but  a  few  days  after,  the  horrible  news 
arrived  that  Thorpe  of  the  College  lands,  and  half  of  the 
best  men  of  the  Colony  had  been  slaughtered  by  the 
Indians,  and  the  project  was  suspended. 

The  East  India  Company  however,  for  some  time  con- 
tinued to  show  an  interest  in  the  East  India  School  which 
was  to  be  in  Virginia.  Upon  the  request  of  John  Ferrar, 
late  in  1623,  a  collection  was  taken  up  for  the  Virginia 
School  at  the  factories  of  the  East  India  Company,  and 
aboard  their  ships.  In  March,  1624,  action  was  taken  for 
the  payment  of  £20  collected  on  one  of  their  ships  for  the 
school.  On  the  oOth  of  July,  a  few  weeks  after  the 
dissolution  of  the  London  Company,  it  was  also  ordered  that 
all  the  moneys  collected  should  be  deposited  until  "that 
Plantation  be  so  settled  as  there  may  be  use  of  a  school 
there."  In  October,  Sir  John  Wolstenholme,  in  behalf  of 
the  King's  Council  for  Virginia,  requested  that  the  moneys 
for  the  school  might  be  paid  to  him  for  which  a  proper 
discharge  and  receipt  would  be  given.  In  1625,  a  teacher 
for  the  school  was  sent  to  Virginia,  but  the  Governor  and 
Council  under  date  of  June  15,  1625,  wrote  :  "We  should 
be  ready  with  our  utmost  endeavors  to  assist  the  pious 
work  of  the  East  India  free  school,  but  we  must  not  dis- 
semble that  besides  the  unseasonable  arrival,  we  thought 
the  acts  of  Mr.  Caroloflf  will  overbalance  all  his  other  suffi- 
ciency though  exceeding  good." 

Legacy  of  George  Ruggle. 

George  Ruggle,  late  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall,  Cambridge, 
in  his  will  dated  Sept.  6,  162 L,  has  the  following  item  :  "I 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  igi 

give  and  bequeath  one  hundred  pounds  towards  the  bring- 
ing up  of  the  infidel's  children  in  Virginia,  in  Christian 
religion,  which  my  will  is,  shall  be  disposed  of  by  the 
Virginia  Company  accordingly,  desiring  Almighty  God  to 
stir  up  the  charitable  hearts  of  many,  to  be  benefactors 
in  this  kind,  principally  for  the  increasing  of  the  kingdom 
of  our  Lord  and  Saviour,  Jesus  Christ." 

Ruggle  was  a  native  of  Lavenham,  Suffolk,  on  Novem- 
ber 13,  15f5  was  baptized.  In  the  fourteenth  year  of  his  / 
age  he  entered  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  in  1593  ' 
obtained  a  scholarship  at  Trinity.  In  1597,  he  received 
the  degree  of  A.M.,  entered  into  holy  orders,  and  the  next 
year  was  Fellow  of  Clare  Hall.  In  literature  he  was 
known  as  the  writer  of  "  Ignoramus,"  a  comedy  in  which 
the  pedantry  of  the  common  law  forms,  and  obsolete 
phraseology  of  the  lawyers,  were  ridiculed.  It  was  twice 
played  before  King  James,  at  the  University  by  the 
students,  and  he  was  so  pleased  with  the  farce  that  he  said 
"  he  believed  the  author  and  acts  together  had  a  design  to 
make  him  laugh  himself  to  death." 

After  Nicholas  Perrar  was  elected  Deputy  of  the 
Virginia  Company,  Ruggle  vacated  his  fellowship  and 
became  an  assistant  in  the  affairs  of  the  Company.  He 
died  in  November,  1622,  and  on  the  19th  of  that  month, 
Ferrar  told  the  Company  that  Ruggle  "  was  a  man  second 
to  none  in  knowledge  of  all  manner  of  humanity,  learning, 
and  so  generally  reputed  in  the  University  ;  of  singular 
honesty  and  integrity  of  life ;  sincere  and  zealous  in  re- 
ligion ;  and  of  very  great  wisdom  and  understanding ;  all 
which  good  parts  he  had  for  these  last  three  years  wholly 
almost  spent,  and  exercised  in  Virginia  business,  having 


182  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

(beside  continually  assisting  his  brothers  and  himself, 
with  counsel  and  all  manner  of  help.)  written  sundry 
treatises  for  the  benefit  of  the  Plantation,  and  in  particular 
the  work  highly  so  commended  by  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  con- 
cerning the  Government  of  Virginia,  but  such  was  his 
modesty,  that  he  would  by  no  means  suffer  it  to  be  known 
during  his  life,  but  now  being  dead  he  could  not  with 
good  conscience,  deprive  him  of  that  honor."^ 

In  July,  1621,  when  Francis  Wyatt  was  appointed 
Governor  of  Virginia,  the  Company  gave  him  "  a  copy  of 
a  treatise  of  the  Plantation  business,  made  by  a  gentleman 
of  capacity,  and  sent  to  lie  among  the  records  and  recom= 
mended  to  the  Councillors  to  study."^  This  treatise  was 
evidently  written  by  Ruggle. 


Edward  Palmer,  Projector  of  the  First  University  and 
School  of  xA.rt  in  North  America. 

The  traveller  while  crossing  the  high  bridge  of  the 
Philadelphia  and  Baltimore  Railroad  over  the  Susque- 
hanna river,  beholds  a  few  rods  above,  a  small  and  quite 
picturesque  isle,  which  upon  a  map  engraved  by  Faithorne, 
the  celebrated  copper  plate  artist,  was  designated  as 
Palmer's  Island,  but  in  modern  maps  is  marked  Watson's 
Island. 

Edward  Palmer,  after  whom  this  island  was  named,  was 
the  eldest  son  of  Giles,  and  grandson  of  John  Palmer,  who 
belonged  to  a  family  identified  with    Warwickshire  from 


^  History  of  Virginia  Company,  p.  363. 
'  Heming's  Statutes,  Vol.  1,  p.  116. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  183 

the  time  of  William  the  Conqueror.  Edward  was  born  in 
Lemington,  parish  of  Toddenham  Gloucester,  near  the 
boundary  line  of  Warwickshire.  His  sister  Mary  was  the 
mother  of  the  unfortunate  poet  Sir  Thomas  Overbury,  who 
was  poisoned  at  the  instigation  of  the  wanton  wife  of  the 
Earl  of  Somerset.  He  married  a  relative,  Muriel,  daughter 
of  Richard  Palmer  of  Burton.  Quaint  Thomas  Fuller 
writes  : 

"  Palmero  Palmera  nubit,  sic  nubilis  amnis 
Auctior  adjunctis  nobilitatis  aquis." 

During  the  latter  part  of  his  life,  he  resided  in  London, 
distinguished  as  a  virtuoso.  On  July  3,  1622,  he  received 
a  patent  from  the  Virginia  Company.  In  his  will,  made 
November  22,  1624,  he  leaves  all  lands  and  tenements 
"in  Virginia  and  New  England"  to  Giles  my  son  and 
heirs  male  of  his  body,  remainder  to  Edward  only  son  of 
my  brother  William  Palmer  and  his  heirs  male,  but  if  all 
issue  fail,  then  all  said  lands  to  remain  "for  the  foundinge 
of  maintenance  of  a  Universitie,  and  such  schooles  in 
Verginia,  as  shall  be  there  erected  and  shall  be  called 
Academia  Virgmiensis  et  Oxoniensis  and  shall  bee  devided 
into  several  streets  or  alleyes  of  Twentye  foot  broade. 
Provided  always  that  all  such  as  can  prove  their  lawful 
descent  from  John  Palmer,  Esq.,  of  Lemington  aforesaid, 
my  grandfather  deceased,  and  from  my  late  grandmother 
his  wife,  being  sonnes,  shall  be  there  freelye  admitted  and 
shall  be  brought  upp  in  such  schooles  as  shall  be  fitt  for 
their  age  and  learninge,  and  shall  be  removed  from  time 
to  time  as  they  shall  profitt  in  knowledge  and  under- 
standinge. 


184  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

'''-  And  further,  my  will  is,  that  the  schollers  of  said 
Universitye  for  avoydinge  of  Idleness  at  their  houres  of 
recreation  shall  have  two  paynters,  the  one  for  oyle 
cullors,  and  the  other  for  water  cuUors  w'^^  shall  bee  ad- 
mitted fellowes  in  the  same  College  to  the  end  and  intent 
that  the  said  schollers  shall  or  may  learne  the  arts  of 
payntinge,  and  further,  my  will  and  mind  is,  that  two 
grinders,  the  one  for  oyle  coUours,  &  the  other  for  water 
collours,  and  also  couUers,  oyle,  and  gumme  waters  shal 
be  provided  from  tyme  to  tyme  at  the  charges  of  the  said 
College,  beseeching  God  to  add  a  blessing  to  all  these 
intents." 

Fuller  mentions  that  he  was  at  many  thousands  expense 
in  purchasing  and  preparing  Palmer's  Island  for  the  object 
but  was  '•  transported  to  another  world  leaving  to  pos- 
terity the  monument  of  his  worthy  but  unfinished  institu- 
tion. Wood,  in  AthencB  Oxonienses,  alluding  to  Palmer's 
collection  writes,  that  "  coming  into  the  hands  of  such 
persons  who  understood  them  not,  were  therefore,  as  I 
have  heard,  embezzled  and  in  a  manner  lost.  We  also 
had  a  curious  collection  of  coins,  and  subterranean  antiqui- 
ties which  one  also  embezzled." 

The  Clergy   of  Somers  Islands. 

In  the  first  party  sent  by  the  Virginia  Company  to 
occupy  the  Bermudas  was 

George  Keith. 

A  minister,  according  to  Capt.  John  Smith,  a  Scotchman, 
and  of  professed  scholarship,  and  the  same  person  referred 
to  on  another  page. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  185 

Lewis  Hughes. 

The  second  minister  was  Lewis  Hughes,  who  came 
about  1615,  and  was  a  man  of  a  good  deal  of  narrowness, 
but  also  of  much  zeal  and  force.  Like  many  other  good 
men  of  his  age  he  was  a  believer  in  witchcraft.  He  was 
a  minister  in,  when  Bancroft  was  Bishop  of,  London.  At 
that  time  one  Mary  Glover,  a  merchant's  daughter,  and 
grandchild  of  the  Doctor  Taylor  who  in  the  days  of  Queen 
Mary  was  burned  at  Smithfield,  was  said  to  have  been 
bewitched  by  one  Mother  Jackson.  Lord  Chief  Justice 
Anderson  ordered  Sir  John  Crooke,  Recorder  of  London, 
to  investigate  the  case.  The  maid  was  brought  to  his 
Chamber  at  the  Temple,  and  then  the  alleged  witch  was 
brought  in,  disguised  as  a  country  market  woman,  covered 
with  an  old  hat,  and  cloak  spattered  with  mud.  As  soon 
as  she  arrived  the  girl  had  a  spasm,  and  with  body  stiff, 
and  mouth  clenched,  through  her  nostrils  moaned,  "  Hang 
her,  hang  her." 

The  Recorder  then  called  for  a  candle  and  a  piece  of 
paper  and  held  the  burning  paper  to  the  girl's  hand,  but 
she  did  not  wince  ;  then  he  took  a  long  pin,  heated  it  in 
the  flame  of  the  candle,  and  thrust  it  up  her  nose,  but  she 
did  not  sneeze,  wink,  nor  move  her  head.  Hughes  who 
was  present  then  told  the  Recorder  that  he  had  oftea 
prayed  with  the  girl,  and  as  soon  as  he  repeated  the 
passage  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  "  Deliver  us  from  evil "  she 
"  was  tost  up  and  shaken  as  if  a  mastive  dogge  should 
take  a  little  curre  in  his  mouth,  and  shake  him."  The 
Recorder  then  told  the  witch  to  say  the  Lord's  Prayer, 
but  she  skipped  over  the  above  words.  When  the  witch 
24 


186  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

touched  the  girl  she  had  convulsions,  and  the  Recorder 
took  the  woman  to  Newgate,  when  the  girl  became  calm, 
and  went  home  with  her  mother.  In  less  than  a  month 
the  woman  was  condemned,  and  then  the  girl  had  terrible 
convulsions  every  second  day.  Five  ministers  of  London, 
with  some  Christian  friends,  at  length  came  together  to 
pray  for  the  girl.  Hughes  was  the  leader  of  the  meeting, 
and  toward  the  close  of  the  day,  after  candle-lighting,  the 
girl  with  a  cheerful  face  and  loud  voice  cried  "  The  Com- 
forter is  come,  I  am  delivered,"  the  very  words  her 
grandfather  uttered  at  the  stake.  Hughes  took  her  to 
his  house  at  Great  St.  Helens  which  was  his  living,  and 
there  she  lodged  with  her  mother  and  sister  for  a  year. 

The  Recorder  of  London  advised  him  to  go  and  talk 
with  Bishop  Bancroft  about  the  case.  He  went,  but  the 
Bishop  was  indignant  at  his  story,  and  sent  him  to  the 
Gate  House,  and  kept  him  there  for  four  months,  and 
wrote  a  book  in  which  he  referred  to  Hughes  and  his 
associates  as  "  Devil  finders "  and  spoke  of  the  women 
who  attended  such  meetings  as  a  "sisternitie  of  imps." 

It  was  probably  a  relief  to  many  in  London,  that 
Hughes  was  willing  to  go  to  the  Bermudas.  Robert  Rich, 
afterward  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  was  his  friend.  Sir 
Nathaniel  Rich,  a  kinsman  of  the  Earl,  a  graduate  of 
Emanuel,  Cambridge,  was  his  correspondent,  and  his  room- 
mate at  the  Somers  Islands,  was  Robert,  Sir  Nathaniel's 
brother. 

In  a  letter  of  May  19,  1617,  Hughes  writes  to  Sir 
Nathaniel  Rich  :  "  The  ceremonies  are  in  no  request  nor 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  I  use  it  not  at  all.     I  have 


VIRGINIA    VETU8TA,  187 

by  the  help  of  God,  begun  a  Church  Government  by 
ministers  and  elders.  I  made  bold  to  choose  four  elders 
from  the  town,  publicly,  by  lifting  up  of  hands,  and  calling 
upon  God,  when  the  Governor  was  out  of  the  town,  in  the 
Main.  At  his  return,  it  pleased  God  to  move  his  heart 
to  like  well  and  to  allow  of  that  we  had  done,  and  doth 
give  to  the  Elders  all  the  grace  and  countenance  that  he 
can."  Governor  Daniel  Tucker  on  March  10,1617-18, 
wrote  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Rich :  "  That  he  believed  M"^ 
Lewis  [Hughes]  to  be  an  honest  and  religious  man,  but 
bent  upon  establishing  a  form  of  prayer  according  to  his 
own  tradition,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Praj'er." 

Letter  of  Lewis  Hughes,  March,  1618. 

"  Having  (by  the  mercie  of  God)  preached  the  doctrine 
of  the  sabeth  and  hearing  some  to  wish  they  had  it 
printed,  I  have  therefore  writ  it,  by  waie  of  Question  and 
answer  as  plainly  as  it  pleased  God  to  inable  me  and 
have  added  thereunto  an  exhortation  to  the  people  here, 
wherein  I  have  made  a  true  relation  of  the  goodnes  of 
God  towardes  these  hopeful  Hands,  in  hope  thereby  to  free 
them  from  the  evill  report  that  goeth  of  them.  I  would 
intreat  yo""  worship  (if  I  may  be  so  bould)  to  reade  it  and 
if  you  think  it  worth  printing,  to  give  it  to  some  printer 
that  will  have  a  care  to  print  it  1  wrote  it  in  haste  and 
have  noe  time  to  peruse  it  as  I  would  therefore  I  pray 
you,  as  you  read  it,  w^*"  a  word  here  and  there  as  you  see 
cause.  There  is  one  M'  Alday  a  printer  of  my  acquaint- 
ance that  (as  I  think)  wilbe  glad  of  it.  He  dwelleth  in 
a  garden  house  by  the  brick  wales  as  you  goe  from  Christ 


188  VIE  G  INI  A    VETUHTA. 

Church  to  Sinithfield.  M^  Abot  of  Coulmanstreet  who  is 
the  Bishop  of  Canterburie  his  brother  and  one  of  the 
Adventurers,  it  may  be  if  you  speake  unto  him  will  get  it 
licenced,  he  needes  not  trouble  the  Bishop  but  get  his 
examiner  to  underwrite  it.  If  he  will  not  it  may  be  the 
BishopofLondons  examiner  will.  Yo*"  brother  M""  Robert 
Rich  is  in  good  health  thanks  be  to  God  and  followeth  his 
busines  carefully,  I  asked  o""  Governor  if  the  wormes  or 
ratts  or  blasting  did  hurt  his  vines  he  tould  me  noe,  there- 
fore there  is  hope  that  they  will  prosper  well  here.  The 
rattes  do  not  trouble  us  much  God  make  us  thankfuU,  I 
heare  noe  speech  of  them,  Remember  my  dutie  to  S"" 
Robert  Rich  and  my  heartie  commendations  to  M'  lirigges. 
God  Almightie  be  w^*^  you  and  blesse  you  to  his  glorie. 
Amen.     From  the  Summer  Islands  this 

"  W  Wo^'ships  to  commaund, 

"  Lewes  Hughes." 

"  If  the  bishop  or  his  examiner  mislike  of  any  thing  that 
I  have  writ,  let  that  be  crost  out  rather  then  hinder  the 
rest,  I  hope  they  will  not  because  I  have  writt  nothing 
but  what  is  true. 

"  Our  Governo'  is  not  so  kinde  unto  yo*"  brother  as  I 
would  he  were,  and  to  speake  the  truth,  he  is  too  wrath- 
full  and  furious  in  his  passions  towardes  every  bodie  and 
wedded  to  much  to  his  owne  will  which  doth  discourage 
many  and  makes  them  wearie  of  dwelling  here,  I  have 
heard  men  of  good  understanding  and  sober  cariage  say 
that  they  had  rather  beg  theire  bread  in  England  than 
live  here,  where  their  lives  goods  and  libertie  doth  depend 
on  the  will  of  one  man  that  hath  noe  government  of  his 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  189 

passions.  Many  wish  that  when  his  time  is  out  he  may 
be  called  home  and  an  other  man  fearing  God  and  of  more 
mildenes  chosen  in  his  rome  and  he  well  rewarded ;  for 
(to  give  him  his  right)  he  hath  taken  great  paines  and 
hath  put  great  life  into  this  plantation. 

"John  Man  doth  requite  your  brothers  honest  and  kinde 
dealing  very  knavishly. 

"  M'  Wolverston  is  a  great  talker  and  will  over  reach  a 
■litle,  therefore  take  heede  how  you  beleeve  him  in  every 
thing.  Ther  is  one  M""  Needham  an  ancient  gentleman 
come  now  over,  who  is  an  honest  man  of  good  understand- 
ing, if  he  come  to  yo""  worship  he  will,  if  it  please  you  to 
conferr  w**^  him,  informe  you  of  our  estate  fully  and  trulie, 
there  is  also  one  M""  Inglesby  a  very  honest  man  of  good 
understanding  unto  whose  report  you  may  give  credit.  I 
have  writ  to  S""  Thomas  Smith  concerning  o''  govern''  if  he 
know  that  I  have  writ  any  thing  of  him  to  you  it  may  be 
he  will  thinke  that  I  am  either  malicious  or  a  busie  bodie. 
1  pray  God  Almightie  direct  you  all  for  the  best  whether 
in  continuing  him  or  chusing  an  other. 

"  The  people  here  doe  like  well  of  the  order  that  I  do 
observe  in  the  publick  wo'"ship  of  God  because  (as  they 
say)  it  is  plaiue  and  easie  and  some  have  tould  me  that 
they  will  become  humble  suters  to  the  next  Ministers  to 
use  the  same  and  have  requested  me  to  write  it  w*''*  I  have 
done  and  sent  a  coppie  thereof  unto  yo'  worship  w*^^  I 
would  intreat  you  to  get  some  godly  and  learned  minister 
to  p'use  and  to  cause  it  to  be  written  faire  and  to  send  it 
backe  againe  by  the  next  Ministers  ;  If  they  like  of  it  I 
do  purpose  by  the  helpe  of  God  to  get  it  printed  at  my 
returne. 


190  VIRGINIA    VETUbTA, 

"  Get  the  doctrine  of  the  Saboth  printed  (if  you  can) 
before  you  shew  the  maner  of  o""  publicke  worshipping  of 
God,  least  the  Bishop  have  an  inkUng  of  it  and  so  crosse 
both.  I  have  sent  to  S"  Robert  Rich  a  stronge  litle  fish 
like  a  dragon  w^^  a  crowne  upon  his  head." 
{Addressed) 

"  To  the  right  Wo-'shipfull  M""  Nathaniell  Rich 
at  the  Lord  Rich  his  house  in  Houlburne 
give  these 

*     * 

N   W 
"  From  M^  Lewes  Hughes." 

Letter  of  Hughes^  December  15,  1618. 
'^  Sir, 

"  I  have  received  yo""  loving  I'res  wherein  I  see  that  yo"" 
care  of  this  poore  plantation  is  great  every  waye.  My 
heartie  praier  to  Almightie  God  is,  that  it  would  please 
his  holy  Majestic  so  to  guide  me  w*^  his  holy  spirit  as  in 
all  things  I  may  do  his  will.  The  Elders  here  are  weake 
men  and  do  therefore  medle  w^*^  no  body  w^'^out  me,  neither 
do  I  w'''  them  medle  w'*^  any  that  are  too  obstinate  and 
stoute  for  us,  of  such  we  do  inforrae  the  Governor  when 
they  do  amisse.  One  of  the  Elders,  M^  Carr,  is  come  for 
England  in  this  ship,  an  other  is  upon  removing  to  M** 
Poulson's  land,  so  that  there  will  remaine  but  two,  I  do 
not  meane  to  choose  any  more,  but  continue  them,  that 
the  name  of  Elders  may  be   here  and  so   a  way  prepared 


VIRGIlSriA    VETVkiTA.  191 

for  fit  men  to  enter  quietly  into  that  holy  calling.  When 
the  Hands  are  populous,  a  Church  government  differing 
from  that  in  England  can  not  be  brought  in  but  w^**  much 
ado.  Concerning  preaching  against  Bishops  and  the  estate 
of  the  Church  of  England  I  know  that  of  such  preaching 
may  come  hurt  (as  our  estate  standeth)  therefore  I  do 
refraine  from  it.  The  booke  of  Common  praier  I  do  not 
refraine  from  using  it  in  comternpt  of  it  but  because  it  is 
better  for  us  to  pray  accordinge  to  o"^  necessities  rather 
then  to  tie  ourselves  to  sett  praiers,  Here  is  noe  meanes 
to  recover  myne  arme  w*^*^  was  hurt  w*^  a  fall,  therefore 
I  have  a  desire  to  come  home  for  a  while  before  it  grow 
past  cure.  Busines  calleth  me  away  therefore  I  humblie 
take  my  leave  for  this  time,  beseeching  Almightie  God 
to  blesse  you.  From  the  Summer  Hands  this  15th  of 
Decemb:  1,618. 

"  Yo""  Wo''ships  to  commaund 

"  Lewes  Hughes." 

"  I  have  also  received  two  good  cheeses  for  w*^*"  I  hartely 
thank  you." 

[Addressed.) 

"  To  the  right  Wo^shipfull  S"^ 
"  Nathaniel  Rich  Knight 
"deliver  these." 

Toward  the  close  of  the  year  1620,  Hughes^  visited 
England.  He  returned  to  Bermudas,  but  did  not  stay,  and 
going  back  to  England  became  a  violent  non-conformist. 

^  In  connection  willi  his  visit  was  publisheil  "  A  plaine  and  true 
relation  of  the  goodness  of  God  toward  the  Sommer  Ishinds,  written 
by  way  of  exhortation  by  Lewes  Hughes,  Minister  of  God's  Word. 


192  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

Samuel  Lang. 
Before  August,  1619,  Samuel  Lang  a  minister,  with  his 
wife  arrived  at  Bermudas,  but  soon  a  disagreement  arose 
between  him  and  Hughes  as  to  the  forms  of  worship. 
Governor  Butler  wrote  that  Hughes  was  more  reasonable 
than  Lang.  To  compose  differences  the  Governor  intro- 
duced a  translation  of  the  revised  Prayer  Book  of  Jersey 
and  Guernsey.  In  1619,  the  liturgy  of  the  Church  of 
England  took  the  place  of  the  Geneva  forms  which  had 
been  in  use,  in  these  isles,  but  the  sign  of  the  cross  in 
baptism,  kneeling  at  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  wearing  the 
surplice  were  not  required. 

London.       Printed    by    Edward     All-de,     dwelling    neere    Christs 
Church,  1621."     The  treatise  was  a  small  quarto  of  24  pages. 

In  1633,  for  five  years  of  non-conformity,  he  was  dismissed  from 
preaching  in  the  jail  at  White  Lion,  South wark,  London. 

In  1640,  he  published  "  Certaine  Greevances,  well  worthy  the 
serious  consideration  of  the  Right  Honorable  &  High  Court  of 
Parliament.  Set  forth  by  way  of  Dialogue  or  conference  betweene 
a  Countrey  Gentleman,  &  a  Minister  of  God's  word  for  the  satisfy- 
ing of  those  that  doe  clamour  &  maliciously  revile  them  that  labour 
to  have  the  errors  of  the  Booke  of  Common  Prayer  reformed. 
By  Lewis  Hughes,  Minister  of  God's  Word.  Printed  in  the  yeare 
1640."  This  contained  forty  pages  besides  the  title.  A  reply  was 
printed  with  this  title  "  M.  Lewes  Hewes  his  Dialogue  answered  : 
or  an  answer  to  a  Dialogue  or  Conference  betweene  a  Country 
Gentleman  &  a  Minister  of  God's  Word.  Scope  for  the  Satisfying 
of  those  who  clamore  against  the  said  Booke,  &  maliciously  revile 
them  that  are  serious  in  the  use  thereof.  Whereunto  is  annexed  a 
Satisfactory  Discourse  concerning  Episcopacy  &  the  Surplisse. 
Published  by  Authority.  London.  Printed  for  L  M.  at  the  George 
in  Fleetstreet,  neere  Saint  Dunston's  Church,  1641." 

After  this  in  1641,  Hughes  issued  another  edition  of  "Certaine 
Grievances"  with  title  slightly  changed,  and  two  more  pages  of 
text.  \n  164Y,  there  was  a  minister  Lewis  Hughes  living  at  West- 
ham,  Sussex. 


VIRGINIA    VETUSTA.  193 


Patrick  Copland  in  Bermudas. 

Copland  upon  his  return  from  the  East  Indies  had  been 
on  most  friendly  terms  with  Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  and 
Nicholas  Ferrar,  the  Deputy  of  the  Virginia  Company. 
In  1G24,  Ferrar  was  a  member  of  Parliament,  but  after 
the  dissolution  of  the  Company,  he  retired  from  public 
business,  to  a  place  he  had  purchased  at  Little  Gidding  in 
Huntingdonshire,  where  he  passed  the  remainder  of  his 
days  in  religious  duties.  His  father,  also  named  Nicholas, 
had  bequeathed  to  the  Virginia  Company,  £300  for  the 
College  at  Henrico,  to  be  paid  whenever  it  had  ten  Indian 
students.  This  condition  after  the  massacre,  could  not  be 
fulfilled  and  then  the  Company  having  been  dissolved,  the 
money  was  used  at  the  Bermudas.  Copland  not  being 
able  to  carry  on  the  work  of  education  in  Virginia,  deter- 
mined to  go  to  the  Bermudas.  He  arrived  there,  early  in 
1626,  and  the  Governor  was  informed  that  he  desired  to 
see  "  a  free  school  erected  for  the  bringing  up  of  youth  in 
literature  and  good  learning."  Governor  Wood  wished 
"  ministers  were  contented  to  preach  the  Gospel,  and  let 
the  free  school  alone." 

Ferrar  gave  two  shares  of  land  in  Pembroke  district 
for  the  free  school.  Copland  preached  in  Warwick  parish. 
Governor  Wood  mentions  that  he  had  built  and  disbursed 
£1,000  sterling  and  purchased  five  shares  of  land.  Wood 
in  1634  wrote  "  I  desyre  not  to  see  any  more  Scotesmen 
to  bee  minister  or  school  master  here,  for  M'"  Coapland 
would  have  sent  unto  Aberdeine  for  a  Scotesman  to  haue 
been  a  schoolmaster,  but  I  verily  thinke  his  project  is  to 
25 


194  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

haue  such  a  one  to  marry  a  daughter  he  hath,  and  at  his 
death  to  conferre  his  estate  upon  him." 

In  January,  1642-3,  with  others,  Copland  left  the 
Church  of  England  and  formed  an  Independent  Church, 
and  delegates  were  sent  to  Parliament  to  secure  an  act  for 
toleration  which  in  October,  1645,  was  granted.  The 
next  year  Captain  Sayle,  afterwards  Governor  of  South 
Carolina,  and  the  Rev.  M'  Goulding  went  again  as  mes- 
sengers of  the  Independent  Church  to  confer  with  Parlia- 
ment and  Somers  Island  Compan3^  On  their  way  they 
stopped,  and  invited  the  Virginia  Puritans  under  Sir  Wil- 
liam Berkeley's  former  chaplain,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Harri- 
son, to  cast  in  their  lot  with  them,  who  declined,  but  made 
arrangements,  by  whicli  they  could  go  to  Marylind,  and 
have  freedom  of  worship. 

Among  the  correspondents  of  Copland  were  Governor 
Winthrop  and  the  Rev.  Hugh  Peters  of  New  England.^ 
On  the  21st  of  July,  1647,  he  uses  these  words  in  a  letter 
to  Winthrop  who  had  lost  his  wife  :  ''  I  could  condole  with 
you  for  your  losse,  and  my  own,  but  that  I  atn  not  willing 
to  renew  your  grief,  and  my  owne."  The  language  indi- 
cates that  he  also  was  a  recent  widower. 

Governor  Sayle  while  in  London  succeeded  in  forming  a 
company  for  the  settling  of  one  of  the  Bahamas  Islands, 
and  obtained  a  patent  from  Parliament  allowing  to  each 
settler  entire  liberty  of  conscience  in  matters  of  worship. 
He  sailed  from  England  in  a  ship  provided  with  supplies 
and  a  few  colonists,  and  reached  Bermudas  in  October, 


'  Mass.    Hist.  Soc.  Coll.,  4th  Series,  Vol.  iv,  p.  98,  5th  Series  and 
Vol.  I. 


VIRGINIA    VETVSTA.  195 

1647,  and  not  long  after,  took  on  board  his  ship,  Copland 
and  seventy  others  and  sailed  for  one  of  the  Bahamas 
groups.  After  many  trials  and  the  loss  of  the  vessel  they 
reached  Eleuthera,  the  isle  where  it  is  said,  the  feet  of 
Christopher  Columbus  first  touched  the  soil  of  the  Western 
hemisphere.  Here,  where  it  was  as  silent  as  the  isle  of 
Patmos,  they  lived,  and  worshipped,  in  a  cave. 

In  a  monthly  magazine,  published  in  Philadelphia,  just 
a  hundred  years  ago,  a  writer  who  had  lately  visited  it, 
describes  a  cave  he  saw  on  the  north  side  of  the  island,  in 
a  rocky  ridge,  not  far  from  the  coast.  Its  entrance  was 
on  a  level  with  the  main  land,  in  the  form  of  an  arch 
about  fifty  feet  in  height,  and  its  length  was  about  three 
hundred  and  fifty.  The  lofty  roof  had  apertures  for  air 
and  light,  through  which  the  luxuriant  vines  and  shrub- 
bery of  the  Bahamas  had  intruded.  Near  the  center  of 
the  cave  was  a  large  irregular  rock,  in  which  steps  for 
ascent  had  been  cut ;  surrounding  it,  were  great  stones 
which  served  as  seats,  and  not  far  distant  was  a  mahogany 
monument,  on  three  sides  of  which  were  inscriptions  to 
the  memory  of  "James  Seymour,  who  was  born  in  Ber- 
mudas in  the  year  1640,  in  the  month  of  October,  on  the 
sixth  day,  and  died  in  the  year  1650,  upon  the  tenth  of 
September." 

The  first  winter  of  the  exiles,  on  this  wild  isle  of  the 
sea,  was  one  of  suffering.  When  Governor  Winthrop  and 
others  in  Boston  heard  of  their  distress,  a  collection  was 
taken  up  for  their  relief,  among  the  churches  of  that 
vicinity,  amounting  to  about  £800  sterling.  Supplies 
were   purchased  and  placed   in   a  small,   hired   vessel  in 


196  VIRGINIA    VETUSTA. 

charge  of  James  Pen  and  Abraham  Palmare.  They 
sailed  from  Boston  on  the  13th  of  3d  mo.  0.  S.  (June) 
1650,  and  reached  Eleuthera  on  the  17th  of  the  next 
month. 

Scottow,  the  aged  Boston  merchant,  in  his  "  Narrative 
of  the  Massachusetts  Colonj^,"  quaintly  alludes  to  the  aid 
of  the  New  England  Puritans  to  their  suffering  brethren. 
He  writes ;  "  They  served  God  in  houses  of  the  first 
edition,  without  large  chambers,  sealed  with  cedars,  and 
painted  with  vermillion,  a  company  of  plain,  pious, 
humble  and  open  hearted  Christians  called  Puritans. 

"  When  news  was  brought  hither  that  the  Church  at 
Bermudas  was  banished  thence,  into  a  desolate  island  and 
full  of  straits,  forthwith  they  sent  a  vessel  of  good  burthen 
to  them  fully  laden  with  provisions  of  all  sorts,  each 
striving  who  would  be  forwardest  in  so  good  a  work, 
which  supply  came  unto  them,  when  as  all  the  meat  in 
their  barrels,  and  oil  in  their  cruise  was  spent  and  it  was 
brought  on  the  Lord's  day,  as  their  faithful  pastor  bad 
finished  his  exhortation  from  Psalm  2o,  To  trust  upon 
the  Lord  Jehovah,  their  Shepherd  who  would  not  suffer 
his  Hock  to  want.'' 

A  committee  of  three  was  appointed  to  express  the  ap- 
preciation of  the  sj  mpathy  ol  the  Massachusetts  churches, 
and  they  gave  in  return,  for  the  benefit  of  Harvard  College 
then  in  its  infancy,  ten  tons  of  Brazilletto  wood,  "to  avoid 
that  foul  sin  of  ingratitude  so  abhorred  of  God,  so  hateful 
to  man."  The  vessel  arrived  in  Boston  on  the  6th  day 
of  6th  month,  bringing  among  others  the  daughter  of  the 
deceased  minister  George  Stirk,  to  visit  her  brother  George 


VIRGINIA   VETUSTA.  197 

who  had  been  a  student  of  Harvard ;  a  son  of  Nathaniel 
White  the  pastor  of  the  Church;  and  Mr.  Stephen  Painter, 
a  zealous  layman,  one  of  the  original  members  of  the 
Independent  Church  of  Bermudas,  who  had  been  sent  to 
England  at  the  same  time  as  Pastor  White,  on  an  accusa- 
tion of  high  treason,  and  was  acquitted. 

There  is  evidence  that  Copland  died  before  1655,  and  it 
is  supposed  at  Eleuthera. 


A  PPENDIX. 


The  Virginia  Lotteries.     See  page  89. 

For  a  time  the  Lottery  scheme  was  abandoned,  but  on 
February  19,  1614  0.  S.,  the  Privy  Council  made  the 
following  minute  : 

"  Whereas  it  pleased  their  L'dships  some  moneths  past 
at  the  humble  suite  of  the  colony  of  Virginia  to  ^yve 
order  for  the  writing  of  certaine  letters  unto  the  several 
Cittyes  and  Townes  of  the  Kingdome  inviting  and  per- 
swading  the  Inhabitants  thereof  to  adventure  in  a 
certeyne  Lotteri/e,  such  somes  of  moneye  as  they  should 
think  fitting  according  to  the  rules  enclosed  in  the  sayd 
Letters,  thereby  the  better  to  enable  ye  sayd  Companye 
to  proceede  in  that  plantacon  of  Virginia  : 

"  And  forasmuch  as  upon  further  consideracon  it  was 
commanded  by  the  Boarde,  that  staye  should  be  made  of 
the  sayd  Letters,  until  further  order  might  be  given  on 
that  behalfe.  It  was  this  day  (upon  the  hum^'®  suite  of 
S^  Thomas  Smith,  with  the  rest  of  the  Company  of 
Virginia)  thought  fitting,  and  so  accordingly  ordered, 
that  the  sayd  letters  should  forthw*^*"  be  delivered  unto 
Sir  Thomas  Smith,  to  the  end  they  might  be  sent,  and 
dispersed  according  to  their  several  direccions." 


200  APPENDIX. 

Letter  of  Virginia  CoMPAirr  A.  D.  1616,  to  the  City  of  Sal- 
isbury. 

"Whereas  the  Royal,  most  excellint  Majesty,  under 
his  great  seal  of  England,  authorizes  the  Virginia  Com- 
pany for  the  setting  up  of  a  lottery  for  the  benefit  of  that 
Plantation. 

"We  by  virtue  of  said  grant  do  earnestly  pray  and  desire 
you  M''  Mayor,  M""  Recorder,  and  the  Aldermen  of  the 
City,  your  brethren,  to  be  assistants  to  our  deputies 
Gabriel  Barber  and  Lott  Peere,  being  also  members  of  our 
Company,  to  Avhom  for  tho  approved  trial  which  we  have 
of  their  care  and  sufficiency,  we  have  committed  the 
management  of  a  running  lottery  to  be  kept  in  that,  your 
city  of  Salisbury  requesting  so  much  more  earnestly,  your 
furtherance  therein,  for  it  is  for  so  good  a  work  as  the 
upholding  of  that  Plantation,  which  we  have  now  great 
hope,  and  greater  than  before,  should  stand  and  flourish 
to  the  honour  and  benefit  of  the  realm. 

"  And  although  we  are  well  satisfied  of  these  men's  in- 
tegrity, and  have  already  given  them  an  oath  for  their 
just  and  true  dealing  in  this  employment,  with  all  men, 
yet  to  satisfy  you  and  the  world,  in  the  most  exact 
manner  that  we  may,  we  desire  you  to  receive  the  key, 
here  enclosed,  of  the  prizes,  and  to  see  the  mingling  of 
them  with  the  blanks,  and  appoint  one  or  two  of  your 
City,  men  of  care,  to  lock  up,  and  open  the  same  every 
morning,  and  evening,  and  permit  a  child,  who  shall  be 
allowed  for  his  pains,  to  draw  out  the  lots  for  all  that 
adventure,  as  shall,  those  we  employ  not  be  suspected  of 
popularity,  who  shall  only  pay  out  those  prizes  that  shall 


APPENDIX.  201 

be  drawn,  and  yourselves  be  encouraged,  if  they  shall  so 
desire,  to  give  them  the  testimony  of  the  said  proceedings. 

"  In  so  doing  both  ourselves  shall  have  great  cause  to 
thank  you,  and  the  Plantation  to  acknowledge  your  love 
and  kindness  towards  the  same.  And  so  we  bid  you 
hearty  farewell. 

"From  London,  19th  of  December,  1616. 

E.  Sheffield  Jo.  Danvers 

Pembroke  Edwin  Sandys 

H.  Southampton  Dudley  Digges 

Will.  Paget  Jolm  Wrothe 

Thomas  Cavendish  Richard  Martyn 

Thomas  Smyth  Jo.  Wolstenholme." 


The  affair  of  the  Ship  "  Treasurer."     See  page  112. 

Among  the  Manchester  Papers  in  Her  Majesty's  Public 
Record  Office,  is  a  supposed  memorandum  of  Sir  Nathaniel 
Rich,  of  which  the  following  is  an  abstract : 

"  Statement  intended  for  a  speech  before  the  Virginia 
Company,  in  defence  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  against 
whom  Sir  Edwin  Sandys  was  accused  of  entertaining 
some  ill  feeling.  The  Earl  had  sent  the  ''  Treasurer  "  to 
Capt.  Argall,  then  Governor  resident  in  Virginia,  by  whom 
it  had  been  despatched  to  the  Western  Islands  for  salt 
and  goats,  and  who  had  sailed  for  England  before  its 
return.  Capt.  Yeardley  the  existing  Governor  had  ad- 
vertised Sir  Edwin  Sandys,  then  Treasurer,  and  the 
26 


202  APPENDIX. 

Council  of  Virginia  that  the  ship  was  supposed  to  have 
gone  to  rob  the  King  of  Spain's  subjects,  in  the  West 
Indies  by  direction  from  my  Lord  of  Warwick.  Sir 
Edwin  and  the  Council  agreed  that  it  was  necessary  to 
communicate  this  information  to  the  Lords  of  the  Privy 
Council  having  first  blotted  out  my  Lord  of  Warwick's 
name  from  the  letters.  *  '^  *  *  The  business  was 
dismissed  without  prejudice  to  any,  the  Earl  of  Warwick 
having  used  his  influence  in  behalf  of  Capt.  Argall.  But 
about  the  beginning  of  Lent  [1620]  came  new  letters 
from  the  Governor  of  Virginia,  directed  as  the  former 
were  to  the  Treasurer  and  Council  for  Virginia,  to  the 
effect  that  the  ship  had  come  back  to  Virginia.  But 
having  cold  entertainment,  soon  departed  in  a  very  dis- 
tressed state,  leaving  there,  amongst  others,  one  principal 
member  of  the  Company,  a  master's  mate  or  lieutenant, 
which  man  the  Governor  examined  upon  his  oath  con- 
cerning their  voyage,  who,  though  to  the  endangering  of 
his  own  life  confessed  that  they  had  been  robbing  the 
Spaniards  in  the  West  Indies. 

"  It  was  a  ground  of  complaint  against  Sir  E.  Sandys 
that  as  soon  as  he  received  the  second  dispatch,  with  the 
deposition,  he  assembled  the  Virginia  Council,  and  per- 
suaded them  to  acquaint  the  Spanish  Ambassador,  and 
the  Privy  Council,  and  so  to  put  upon  my  Lord  of 
Warwick,  suddenly  a  confiscation  of  his  ship  and  goods." 

Letter  of  John  Baldwin.     See  page  133. 

John  Baldwin,  a  freeman  who  arrived  in  the  ship 
"Tiger"  in   1622,  and  worked  for  George    Sandys,   for 


APPENDIX.  203 

several  years,   wrote   the  following,   to  a  friend  in  Ber- 
mudas '} 


Letter  op  John  Baldwin. 

"  My  love  remembered  vnto  you  and  to  your  wife,  I 
hope  you  are  in  good  health  as  I  am  at  this  tyme.  M"" 
Sandys  hath  dealt  vnkindlie  with  vs  he  maketh  vs  serve 
him  whether  wee  will  or  noe  and  how  to  helpe  yt  we  doe 
not  knowe  for  hee  beareth  all  the  sway,  but  I  hope  to 
doe  well  enough  yf  God  blesse  me  this  yeare. 

"  I  thank  god  I  have  had  my  health  very  well  here, 
all  our  company  is  livinge  but  three,  William  Lanes, 
Will'm  Smith  w*'''  weare  killed  with  the  Indians  goeinge  to 
worke  in  the  wood.  They  lay  in  a  tree  that  was  newlie 
felled  where  they  killed  them.  Thomas  Knowles  is  dead  ; 
but  I  thinke  he  had  bene  livinge  now  but  we  had  a  base 
fellow  to  our  overseer,  w^''  was  the  occasion  of  his  death  ; 
for  he  was  sicke  awhile  and  could  not  worke,  and  then  he 
went  to  him  and  beate  him  that  he  fell  down  presentlie, 
and  could  not  stand,  and  then  they  carryed  him  to  bed, 
and  there  he  lay  sixe  days  and  neither  eate  nor  drank. 
Ffor  the  land  it  is  a  plentifuU  countrye.  I  like  yt  well 
yf  the  people  were  good  that  are  in  yt ;  but  they  are  base 
all  over  for  yf  a  man  be  sicke,  putt  them  into  a  new  house, 
and  there  lett  lie  downe,  &  starve  for  noebody  wi41  come 
at  him.  I  heard  the  "  Seafflower "  was  come  to  the 
Bermudas.     I  pray  you  send  tne  word  yf  I  have  euer  a 


^Lefroy,  Vol.  1,  p.  265. 


204  APPENDIX. 

kinsman  in  her.  William  AUen^  is  here  come  servant  for 
five  yeare  Thomas  Cole  is  here  but  he  liveth  very  poorlie. 
I  pray  you  remember  my  love  to  John  Harris  and  Thomas 
Wilkinson  and  Hugh  Wall,  and  Henry  &  Rowland^  Sheene, 
and  his  mate  Daniell,  to  Robert  ffludd'^  at  Somersett,  to 
M'  Bagley,  and  his  wife*  and  to  M'"  Crosse.  Thus  I  rest 
y°'  euer  loveinge. 

John  Baldwin. 

"  Postscript 

"  It  hath  been  a  verye  hard  tyme  w*^  all  men  they  had 
like  to  all  starve  this  yeare  ;  there  was  them ;  that  paid 
fortye  shillings  a  bushell  for  sheld  corne.  But  howsoeuer, 
they  dye  like  ro"^"^  sheepe,  noe  man  dies  but  he  is  as  full 
of  maggots  as  he  can  hould.     They  rott  aboue  ground." 


Liturgy,  in  1618,  used  at  Bermudas.     See  page  189. 

The  following  liturgy  of  Lewis  Hughes,  in  no  way 
to  be  compared  with  the  terse  and  chaste  service  of  the 
Church  of  England,  sent  over  in   1618   to  Sir  Nathaniel 


^  Came  in  1623,  in  the  ship  "Southampton  "  and  was  a  servant 
of  Abraham  Piersey. 

^  Rowland  Sheene  living  in  Pembroke  district,  as  late  as  1628. 

'  Was  at  Bermudas,  as  early  as  1617. 

*  Judith,  wife  of  Roger  Bagley  of  Pembroke,  in  February,  1628-9, 
was  presented  by  the  Grand  Jury,  for  having  drawn  a  knife  in 
Church,  and  swearing  by  God's  blood,  that  she  would  stab  John 
Stamers,  who  told  her  to  keep  her  child  quiet. 


APPENDIX.  205 

Rich,  has  been  copied  from  the  manuscript,  in  the  Duke 
of  Manchester  Collection,  for  the  writer.  The  spelling 
has  been  partly  modernized. — 

It  reads. 


"  The  Manner  of  Public  Worship,  and  Service  op  God  in  the 
Summer  Islands. 

First,  a  psalm  is  sung. 

After  the  psalm  the  minister  saith  . 

0  come  let  us  worship  and  fall  down,  and  kneel  before 
the  Lord,  our  Maker. 

Then  all  the  people  do  kneel,  and  the  minister  prayeth 
as  followeth : 

0  Heavenly  Father,  we  thy  poor  children  do  here  cast 
down  ourselves  before  thy  Holy  Majesty,  in  the  name  of 
Jesus  Christ,  to  worship  thee,  and  do  acknowledge  and 
confess  from  the  bottom  of  our  hearts  that  we  are  not 
worthy  to  appear  before  thy  Holy  Majesty,  nor  to  open 
our  mouthes  to  speake  unto  thee,  nor  to  receive  any  favor 
from  thee,  for  we  have  broken  all  thy  commandments, 
and  are  in  such  hardiness  of  heart,  blindness  of  mind, 
dulness  of  spirit,  and  dedness  of  conscience,  as  we  cannot 
repent  us  of  our  sins  as  we  should,  but  do  continue  in 
them,  and  daily  increase  the  number  of  them  to  the 
great  dishonor  of  thy  holy  name,  and  daily  provoking  of 
thee  unto  wrath ;  our  estate,  therefore,  is  very  fearful  and 
lamentable,  if  thou  shouldest  mark  straitly  what  is  amiss 
in  us,  and  deal  with  us  according  to  our  deserts ;  but, 
dear  Father,   there   is   mercy  with    thee,    thy  holy  and 


206  APPENDIX. 

great  name  be  therefore  praised,  and  we  come  to  thee 
now,  in  the  name  of  thy  beloved  Son  Jesus  Christ,  to  beg 
mercy.  Have  mercy  therefore  upon  us,  Holy  Father ; 
have  merc}^  upon  us  for  Christ  Jesus,  His  sake  ;  and 
show  thy  mercy  in  forgiving  our  sins,  and  in  granting 
true  and  speedy  repentance  unto  us,  and  in  turning  away 
from  us  all  these  judgments  that  our  sins  have  deserved 
to  be  brought  upon  us.  And  forasmuch  as  thou  hast 
ordained  the  ministry  of  Thy  Holy  Word  to  be  a  means 
to  bring  Thj^  children  to  true  repentance,  we  beseech 
Thee,  therefore,  to  bless  Thy  Holy  Word  unto  us,  Thy 
poor  children,  at  this  time,  so  as  it  may  be  a  Word  of 
power  to  w^ork  true  repentance  in  every  one  of  us,  to  Thy 
glory  and  our  everlasting  comfort,  through  Christ  Jesus, 
to  Whom,  with  Thee  and  the  Holy  Ghost,  be  all  honor, 
thanks,  praise,  and  glory,  now  and  forever ! 

After  this  prayer  or  the  like,  he  readeth  a  chapter  out 
of  the  Old  Testament. 

After  the  chapter  they  sing  a  psalm. 

After  the  psalm,  he  readeth  a  chapter  out  of  the  New 
Testament. 

After  that  chapter,  he  readeth  the  Ten  Commandments 
of  Almighty  God,  and  before  he  readeth  he  saith  : 

Hearken  with  reverence  to  the  Ten  Commandments  of 
Almighty  God,  and  as  you  hear  them,  desire  God  in  your 
hearts  to  give  you  grace  to  live  in   obedience  unto  them. 

After  the  Commandments  he  readeth  the  Articles  of 
the  Christian  Faith,  and  after  he  hath  read  them,  he 
saith  : 


APPENDIX.  207 

God  of  His  mercy  work  this  faith  in  every  one  of  you, 
and  continue  it  in  you  unto  the  end,  to  his  glory  and  your 
everlasting  comfort,  through  Christ  Jesus! 

Then  they  sing  a  psalm,  and  after  the  psalm  the 
minister  prayeth,  and  goeth  to  his  sermon. 

After  the  sermon  he  giveth  thanks  to  God  for  His  good- 
ness in  bringing  them  together  in  health  and  safety  to 
call  upon  Him,  and  to  hear  His  holy  Word,  and  prayeth 
that  God  would  bless  His  holy  Word  unto  them ;  also 
he  prayeth  for  all  God's  children,  especially  for  the 
children  of  God  in  England,  and  by  name,  for  our  King, 
Queen,  and  royal  progeny,  and  concludeth  with  the  Lord's 
Prayer." 

Following  this  liturgy,  is  a  Form  for  Infant  Baptism, 
for  administering  the  Lord's  Supper,  for  Marriage,  and  for 
Burial. 


Governor  Butler's  translation  of  French  Liturgy. 

In  the  article  upon  the  Hughes  Liturgy  it  is  erroneously 
mentioned  that  the  liturgy  which  Gov.  Butler  translated, 
was  the  revised  Book  of  Common  Prayer  in  A.  D.  1619, 
introduced  into  the  churches  of  Guernsey  and  Jersey. 
The  following  extracts  from  a  manuscript  published  for 
the  first  time  in  the  second  volume  of  Lefroi/s  Bermudas 
show  that  it  was  the  Geneva  form  which  was  adopted. 

"  He  found  that  it  was  time  if  it  were  possible  to  reduce 
them  to  vniformitie  :  but  dispayreing  to  bring  them  to 
that  here,  w*^^  all  the  byshops  in  England  could  not  doe 


208 


APPENDIX. 


ther,  he  at  last  bethought  himselfe  of  the  Liturgie  used  in 
the  Hands  of  Gernsey  and  Jarsye,  ******* 
being  one  and  the  very  same  with  that  of  the  french 
Protestants,   thoes  of  the    Vnited   Provinces,    and   euen 


Geneua  itself,  ********  Whereupon  he 
himselfe  translating  it  verbatim  into  English  out  of  a 
French  Bible  w*^^  he  brought  over  with  him,  he  caused  the 
elder  minister  [Hughes]  to  begin  the  vse  thereof  at  the 
administration  of  the  Lord's  supper  at  St.  Georges  upon 
easter  day  next  following." 


INDEX. 


A. 

Abbot,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  188. 
Maurice,  of  Coleman  street,  188. 

Adams,  Captain.  78,  79,  82. 

Alba  Reiralis,  13,  13. 

Alciat,  quoted,  125. 

Aldgate,  London,  37. 

Alexander,  Sir  W.  refers  to  ship  May 
Flower,  109. 

Algernon,  Fort  at  P't  Comfort,  viii, 
78,  79. 

All-de,  Edmund,  printer,  65,  192  ;  resi- 
dence in  London,  187. 

Allen,  W.  white  servant,  204. 

Allei^iance,  oath  of,  6,  44. 

Anderson,  Chief  Justice,  185. 

Art  school  pn»jected,  183. 

Argall,  Samuel  mentioned,  76,  82,  86, 
91  ;  meets  George  Percy  in  Eng- 
land, X ;  sails  from  England  in 
1613,  X ;  attacks  the  French, 
X;  relative  of  Sir  Thos.  Smith, 
112  ;  sends  ship  Treasurer  to  West 
Indies,  112,  201;  complaints 
against,  114, 115,  158;  later  career, 
97,  98. 

Arundel,  Thomas,  Earl  of,  1. 


B. 

Bacon,  Lord,  99. 
Bagley  and  wife,  204. 
Baldwin.  Jolin,  letter  of,  203. 
Bancroft,    Bisliop    of    London,    185 ; 
censures  Hughes,  186. 


Barber,  Gabriel,  sup't  of  lotteries,  200. 

Bargrave,  Dean  of  Canterbury,  154, 
172. 

Capt.  John,  letter  to  Lord  Treas- 
urer Middlesex,  154-161  ;  Thomas, 
minister  bequeaths  library  to 
Henrico  college,  173. 

Barrens,  John,  quartermaster  of 
Brawnde's  ship,  108. 

Barrett,  William,  bookseller,  67. 

Barwick,  Capt.  Thomas,  120,  121. 

Bashaw,  of  Cambria,  15  ;  Nalbritz,  15. 

Basta,  George,  15. 

Batteshill,  Henry,  quartermaster,  108. 

Beheathland,  Robert,  113. 

Beunet,  Catherine,  175. 
Edward,  175. 
John,  chief  mate,  108. 
William,  preacher,  175. 
infant,  175. 

Bertie,  Peregrine,  10. 
Robert,' 10. 

Berkeley,  .John  supt.  of  Iron  works, 
118;  killed  by  Indians,  119. 
Sir  Maurice,  66. 
Sir  William,  194. 

Bermudas,  Gates  and  Somers  wrecked 
at,  61  ;  described,  63  ;  early  minis- 
ters of,  184,  197;  Presbyterian 
church, 186;  Independent  church, 
194  ;  Liturtry  of  Hughes,  205. 

Blaney,  Mr.  133. 

Blunt  Point,  tort  projected,  120. 

Bohun,  Dr  Lawrence,  75,  118;  killed 
at  sea,  117. 

Bolton,  Francis  preacher,  175. 

Bonoeill,  John  on  silkworms,  127. 


210 


INDEX. 


Book  of  Common  Prayer,  disused,  186, 

191. 
Books  on  Virginia : 

A.  D.  1608  True  Relation,  34. 

1609,  Sermon  of  Symonds.  38,  39. 

Good  speed  to  Virginia,  40,  41. 

Sermon  of  Price,  45-49. 

Nova  Brittania,  51-53. 

A.D.  1610,  True  and  sincere  decla- 
ration, 57. 

Sermon  of  Crashaw,  57-60. 

News  in  rhyme  by  Rich,  64. 

True  declaration  of  the  estate  of 
the  colony,  66. 

A.  D.  1611,   Last  News,  a  ballad, 
84. 

A.  D.   1612,  Book  on  the  Lottery, 
89. 

New  Life  of  Virginia,  90. 

Laws  divine,  moral,  martial,  92. 

A.    D.    1622,   Virginia's  God  be 
thanked, 134-136. 

Declaration     about    moneys     for 
Copland's  School,  179. 

Sermon  of  John  Donne,  137. 

A.  D.  1623  Good  News,  a  ballad, 
147-153. 
Bouchier,  Sir  Henry,  145. 
Bowles  (BoUes),    Mavor    of    London, 

134. 
Boys  sent  by  ship  Duty,  103. 
Brawnde,   Capt.    report    of,   106;     at 

Manhegin,  106;  Cape  Cod,  107. 
Brewster,  Capt.  Edward,  82. 
Brinnelcome,  John,  steward,  108. 
Brinton,  Edward,  20. 
Buck,  Benoni,  164. 

Gershom,  164. 

Mara,  164. 

Richard   preacher,   163;    baptizes 

Rolfe's  infant,    140 ;   chaplain  of 

legislature,  163. 
Buckler,  Andrew  early  colonist,  19,  20. 
Burroughs,  Ann,  23. 
Butle.,   Gov.   Nath.  of  Bermudas  in- 
troduces Guernsey  liturgy,  192. 


C. 

Caesar,  Sir  Julius,  18. 

Calthrope,  Mr.,  126. 

Camden,  William  refers  to  Argall,  97. 


Canisia,  siege  of,  12. 

Canne,  Mr.  of  Plj^mouth,  2. 

Capps,  William  early  planter,  128; 
letter  of,  128;  describes  the  cleanli- 
ness of  ship  Sea  Venture,  131. 

Carleton,  Sir  Dudley,  92,  99. 

Carr,  a  Bermudas  elder,  190. 

Carter,  John  horse-stealer,  102. 

Caithagena,  plantation,  vii. 

Cartwrlght,  John,  142, 

Causev,  Nath.  earlv  colonist,  23. 

Cavendish,  Thoma's,  201. 

Cecil,  Sir  Edward,  84,  91.  98. 
Robert,  19,  24,  61. 

Ceremonies  of  English  Church  dis- 
used, 186. 

Chamberlain,  John.  92. 

Charter.  First  of  Va.  Co.,  4;  Second, 
of  Va.  Co.,  42,  45;  Last  of  Va. 
Co..  87. 

Children,  transported,  101. 

Church,  in  1619  at  Jamestown,  169. 

Coat  of  Arms,  of  John  Smith,  16 ; 
Virginia  Company,  135. 

Cole,  Thomas,  204. 

College  for  Indian  Youth,  167,  169, 
170,  171. 

College  of  Heralds,  order  to,  42. 

Collier,  Samuel,  20. 

Colonists,  early,  19-23. 

Conway,  Sir  Edward,  96, 144. 
Captain,  96. 

Cooper,  Michael,  98. 

Cope.  Sir  Walter,  57,  72. 

Copland,  Patrick  sermon  of,  134;  de- 
scribes Va.  seal,  135;  projects  Va. 
school,  178;  in  Bermudas,  193; 
erects  free  school,  193;  daughter 
of,  194  ;  becomes  a  dissenter,  194; 
at  Eleuthera,  195. 

Coppin,  Sir  George,  73. 

Coryat's  Crudities,  99. 

Coryat,  Thoinas  notice  of,  99. 

Cotton  manuscripts,  17. 
Sir  Robert,  17. 

Councillors  in  Va  noticed,  7-19. 

Crakanthorpe,  sermon  of,  36. 

Crashaw,  Raleigh,  35. 

William  of  the  Temple,    37,  57; 
sermon  of,  58-61. 

Crooke,  Sir  John,  185. 

Crouchley,  Thos.  transported,  102. 

Cugley,  Daniel,  22. 


INDEX. 


211 


D. 

Dale,  Sir  Thomas  68,  fi9,  74  ;  Percy  on 

his  administriition,  viii ;    letter  to 

Va.  Company,  77-83  ;  later  career 

of,  94-96  ;  death  of,  95. 

Elizabeth  wife  of  Sir  T.,94,  95,  99. 
Danvers,  Sir  John,  137,201. 
Dannyrow,  Capt.  .John,  103. 
Davies,  Robert,  143. 
Davison,  Alice,  127. 

Ciiristopher,  secretary,  127. 

Sir  William,  127. 
Davys  (Davis),  Capt.  James,  viii,  79, 80. 
Deane,  Charles  quoted,  S4. 
Delaware,  Thomas  3d  Lord,  35,  59,  67, 

91;    notice   of,  56;  goes  to  West 

Indies,  78. 

Henry,  4th  Lord,  57. 

Charles  5th  Lord,  57. 
Digges,  Sir  Dudley,  89. 
Dods,  John,  20. 
Donne,  John  Dean  of  St.    Pauls,  137; 

moderate  in  views,  137 ;    sermon 

to  Va.  Company,  137. 
Downe,  John  boatswain's  mate,  108. 
Drake,  Sir  Francis,  8. 
Dupper,   a  Londrm   brewer,    124 ;   his 

stinking  beer,  120,   124. 
Dutton,  Elizabeth,  66. 

John  executor  of  R.  Rich,  113. 

Sir  Thomas,  66. 

E. 

Each,  Capt  of  Abigail,  120;  death  of, 

120. 
Edwards,  John,  ship  owner,  108. 
Elders  of  Church  in  Bermudas,  187,190. 
Eleuthera,  Isle  195;  Independents  at, 

195,  196. 
Elfrid   (Elfrith),    Capt.    Daniel,    112; 

sells  negroes,  112. 
Elizabeth,  Queen  death  of,  3. 
Ellis,  David,  23. 
Essex.  Earl  of,  58. 
Evans,  Owen  kidnapper,  103. 
Extravagance  in  dress.  111,  112. 

F. 

Faldoe  (Waldo),  the  Helvetian,  79. 


Fanshaw,  Sir  Henry,  73. 
Farre,  James  mate  of  ship,  108. 
Felgate,  Tobias,  pilot. 
Ferrar,  .John,  120. 

Nicholas  Sr.,  19,3. 

Nicholas  Jr.,  121,  128,  193. 

William,  177. 
Pinch,  Lady,  son  of  in  Va.,  120. 

John,  120 

Sir  Moyle,  120. 
Fitch.  Capt".  Matthew,  21. 
Flu. id,  Robert,  204. 
Forrest,  Thomas,  23. 
Fort  Algernon,  viii,  78,  79,  80. 

Henry,  80. 

Charles,  80. 
Porterow,  Luke,  132. 
Fortescue,  Sir  Nicholas,  145. 
Francke,  Dan.  transported,  103. 
Frobisher,  Richard  sliip  carpenter,  55. 

G. 

Garrett  (J  arret),  William  old  planter, 
20. 

Gates,  Sir  Thomas,  4,  18,  23,  56,  61,  63, 
67,  69,  74,  75,  86,  91 ;  noticed  by 
Percy  vi,  vii,  viii ;  birth  place  of, 
97;  sketch  of,  53,  54;   expedition 
of,    1611,    84;    later    career,    97; 
children  of,  97. 
Anthony,  97. 
Elizabeth,  97. 
Mary,  97 
Thomas,  97. 

Gayneye,  William,  108, 

Gentlemen  made  "  good  cheap,"  16. 

Girls  kidnapped,  103. 

Glass  works,  131. 

Glover,  an  approved  preacher,  164. 

Glover,  Mary,  bewitched,  185. 

Gorges  Ferdinando,  1,  8,  99,  105,  109. 

Goston,  Sir  Francis,  145. 

Gouu:c,    William    minister  at     Black 
Friars,  165. 

Gough,    William   preacher  at   James- 
town, 195. 

Goulding,  VV.,  preacher,  194. 

Granville,  explorer,  3. 

Graves,  Thomas  early  settler,  53. 

Gray,  Bridget,  103. 

Robert  enters  book,  40. 


212 


INDEX. 


H. 

Hakluyt,  Richard  the  historian,  3, 
34,  37. 

Hallam's  estimate  of  Hariot,  3. 

Halliwell,  John  O  ,  G4. 

Hamor,  Ralph,  133.  140,  150. 

Hamby,  Richard,  96. 
W.,  96. 

Hariot,  Tliomas  friend  of  Raleigh  and 
Northumberlaud,  3,  76. 

Harrison,  Thomas  chaplain  of  Gov. 
Berkeley,  194. 

Harmon,  Cliarles  trader,  103. 

Hawkins,  Sir  Richard,  95,  105,  106, 
109. 

Hawte,  Sir  William. 

Hept,  John,  108. 

Herbert,  George  poet,  137. 

Hicks,  Sir  Baptiste,  73. 

Hille,  John,  108. 

Hitchins,  Capt.  .Arthur,  106. 

Houdius,  histoiian,  100. 

Horton,  Mistress,  140. 

Howard,  Henry  Earl  of  Northampton, 
43. 
Thomas  Earl   of  Suffolk,  43. 

Hughes,  Lewis  preacher,  185;  arrived 
at  Bermudas,  185  ;  belief  in  witch- 
craft, 185;  censured  by  Bishop, 
186  ;  organizes  Presbyterian 
church,  187;  prepares  a  liturery, 
189;  his  writino;s,  187,  192;  dis- 
missed for  non-conformity,  192; 
lituruy  of,  205-207. 

Hunt,  Robert  first  Va.  minister,  163. 


I. 


Independents  in  Bermudas,  194. 

Inglesby,  Mr.,  189. 

Iron   Mongers   Co.,   of    London,    35; 

Works  in  Virginia,  118. 
Italian  glass-workers,  121. 


J. 

Jackson,  a  woman  witch,  185,  186. 
James  the  First,  arrives  in  London,  3 ; 

letter  to  House  of  Commons  about 

Va.  Company,  106. 


Jamestown  Church,  169;  cow-keeper, 

111. 
Jarrett  see  Garrett. 
Johnson,   Alderman    Robert,    89,    91, 

144,  158. 
Jones,  Inifco,  43. 

Sir  William,  145. 

Thos.,  Capt.  of  ]\Iay  Flower,  117. 
Jonson,  Ben  poet   99. 
Jordan,  Cecilia,  176. 

Samuel,  176. 


K. 

Karlsburg,  14. 

Keith,  George  preacher,  172,  184. 

Kendall,  Captain,  66,  116. 

George,  19. 
Kennebec  River  Colony,  105. 
Kerby,  Capt.    and  negroes,  112,   113, 

116. 
Kinffswell,  Richard,  116 
KuoUes,  History  of  Turks,  13. 
Knott,  James  transported,  103. 
Knowles,  Thomas  killed,  203. 
Kyngston,  Felix  printer,  41,  90. 


Lanes,  William  killed,  203. 

Lang,  Samuel  Bermudas  minister,  193. 

Laudoniere,  in  Florida,  vi. 

Lawson,  Capt.,  82. 

Laydon,  John  notice  of,  30.  23. 

Leate,  William  minister  death  of,  176. 

Leconlield,  Lord,  v,  86. 

Lee,  Hugh  on  transporting  children, 

52. 
Lefrov's   Bermudas  quoted,   115,   163, 

303. 
Legacy  of  Thomas  Bargrave,  minister, 

173;  to  Francis  Bolton,  minister, 

175  ;  for  Indian  education,  171  ;  of 

George    Rugirle,    183 ;    of    Mary 

Robinson,  168. 
Leigh,  Sir  Thomas,  v. 
Lisle,  Viscount,  73. 
Liturgy  of  Guernsey  and  Jersey,  193; 

Lewis  Hughes,  189,  205-307. 
Lottery  of  Virginia  Company,  89,  199, 

300. 


INDEX. 


213 


M. 


Macham.  Sam.  bookseller,  51. 

Madison,  Capt.,  150. 

Man,  Johu,  lb9. 

Maniicgin  Isle,  98,  106  ;  Brawnde  at, 

lOG  ;  Capt.  Hitchius  at,  106.  ;  ship 

David  at,  100. 
Mansell,  Sir  Robert,  72,  84,  98. 
Marke,  Sir  1  homas,  99. 
Martin,  John,  18,  19;  Richard,  66,201. 
Massacre    by  Indians,   119,   126,  137, 

147. 
Matthews,  Capt ,  183. 
May  Flower,  Capt.  Jones,  117. 
Mease,  William  Va.  minister,  167. 
Meldrilch,  Earl  of,  14. 
Melshawe,  Mr.,  77. 
Mendoza's  expedition,  vi. 
Merchant  Tailors  Company,  35. 
Mercceur  (Mercurie),  Duke,   12  13,  14. 
Merry,  Sir  Thomas,  133. 
Mevia,  Isle  of,  79. 
Middlesex,  Earl  on  Va.  Co.,  144. 
Middleton,  Thomas  transported,  102. 
Millward,  John,  142. 
Ministers,  without  orders,  169. 
Molineux,  to  be  transpoited,  102. 
Monk,  Gen.,  86 
Montgomery,  Earl  of,  72. 
Morgan,  a  Plymouth  merchant,  2. 
Moyses,  General,  14,  15. 


N. 

Namontack,  Indian  youth  visits  Eng- 
land with  Newport,  22,  76. 

Needham  of  Bermudas,  189. 

Negroes  first  in  Virginia,  112,  116; 
in  Bermudas,  118,  114,  115. 

Nelson,  Capt  Francis,  21,  27,  34. 
Mr.,  85. 

Newce,  Thomas,  119,  129. 

Sir  William,  119,128,  132. 

Newport,  Christopher,  21,  22,27,  53, 
56  63,  75,  76,  77,  79,  82  ;  report  of 
first  voyage  to  Va.,  24;  return 
from  third  voyage  to  Va.,  35 ; 
fourth  voyage  to  Va.,  54 ;  later 
career  of,  93,  94. 

Night-walkers,  sent  to  Virginia,  103. 

North  Virginia  Colony,  105. 


Northampton,  Henry  Earl,  43;  letter 

of,  92  ;  House,  43. 
Northumberland,  Algernon  Earl,  43  , 

Henry  9th  Earl,  3,  76. 

House,  43. 
Norton,   Capt.  of  Glass   Works   dies, 

121. 


O. 


Oath  of  allegiance  and  supremacy, 
6,  44. 

Ogilby,  draws  prize  in  the  lottery,  89. 
John,  the  author,  89. 

Olumpah,  siege  of,  12. 

Opecancanough,  Indian  chief,  148, 
149 

Ovid,  quotation  from,  125 ;  transla- 
tion of,  125. 


P. 

Painter,  Stephen,  197. 
Painting,  school  of,  183. 
Palmer's  Island,  184. 
Parker,  Mr.,  88. 

Capt.  Wm  ,  95. 

Mr.  of  Plymouth,  2. 
Paspahlaighe's  Tower,  82. 
Paulelt,  Robert  preacher,  physician  and 

surgeon,  178. 
Pcirce,  Jane  dnughter  of  William,  141. 

John,  patent  for  Puritans,  97. 

proposition   for    his    colonists   to 
edrcate  Indians,  172. 

William,  early  settler,   116,    133, 

141;    daughter  of,  wife   of  John 

Kolfe,  141 
Pembroke,  Earl  of,  71. 
Percy,  Algernon  10th  Earl,  43. 

George,  19,  75,  79,  81,  85  ;  letters 

of,  V,  84 ;  Relation  of,  vi-x ;  cen- 
sures an  author. 

Henry,  9th  Earl,  3,  70  ;  letter  to,  v. 

Lucy,  Countess  Carlisle,  85,  86. 
Petwortii,  House  MS.,  »0. 
Phillips,  Eleanor,  103. 
Philpot  Lane,  London,  71. 
Piersey,  Abraham,  116. 
Pindleburie,  of  London,  85. 
Pocahontas,  141. 


214 


INDEX. 


Pophara,  Chief  Justice,  3. 

Poole,  preaches  before  Sir  Thos.  Dale, 

81,  164. 
Poolej%  Greville,  minister,  177. 
Porey,  John,  23, 109,  110,  111,  113 
Policy,   Christopher  transported,  102. 
Pott,  Dr.  John  fond  of  good   liquor, 

133,  153. 
Pountis,  Vice-Admiral  death  of,  133, 

153. 
Powell,  Capt  ,119,  150. 

Roirer  transported,  102. 
Presbj'terian     church    in     Bermudas, 

'187. 
Prewe,  Francis,  193. 
Price,   Daniel   jn-eaches  for  Va.   Co., 
49. 

Samson,  49. 
Pring,  Capt.  Martin,  113 
Puritans  of  Leyden,  97,  109. 

Virginia,  194. 
Pytt,  Sir  William,  145. 


K. 

Raleigh,  Sir  Walter,  1,  3,  8,76. 

RatcUtff,  Capt.  John,  8,  18,  27. 

Reasons    for    a    stock    company   for 
English  colonization.  28-34. 

Relation  of  George  Percv,  v-x. 

Rich.   Sir  Nathaniel.   63,    66;    letters 
from  Hughes,  187-190. 
Robt.  poem  of,  63,  64,  65 ;  room 
mate   of   preacher   Hughes,    186 ; 
death  of,  66  ;  Robert  see  Warwick. 

Roberts,  Thomas,  108. 

Robinson,  John  searcher,  169. 
Mary,  legacy,  168. 

Rolfe,  Anthony,' 143. 
Elizabeth   141. 
Henry,  142. 
Hannah,  v. 

John,  passenger  in  Sea  Venture, 
140;  first  wife,  140;  infant  bap- 
tized, 141  ;  first  tobacco  planter, 
14'J  ;  union  with  Pocahontas,  141 ; 
marriage  with  Jane  Peirce,  141  ; 
will  of,  141  ;  children  of,  141  ; 
Thomas,  son  of  John,  141. 

Rottenton,  battle  of,  15. 

Ruggle,  legacy  of  George,  183. 

Russworm,  armj'  of,  14. 


S. 


Sabbath,  treatise  on  by  Lewis  Hughes, 
187,  190. 

Salisbury  city,  letter  to,  200. 

Saltonstall,  Sir  Samuel,  100. 
Wye,  100. 

Sandwich  city,  letter  from  Va.  Co., 
68-70. 

Sandys,   David,   preacher,  173. 

Sir  Edwin  opposed  to  monarchy, 
109 ;  complains  of  ship  Treasurer 
to  Privy  Council,  115, 201 ;  charges 
against,  146. 

■'  George  on  iron  works,  119  ;  letters 
from,  73,  74,  87 ;  letter  to  Ferrar, 
119;  refers  to  glass  works,  121; 
letter  to  S.  Wrote,  122-127 ;  trans- 
lates Ovid,  125;  receives  a  grey- 
hound, 127;  expedition  against 
Indians,  148;  Sir  Samuel,  75,  120, 

Saracen's  Head  Inn,  London,  100. 

Savaue,  John,  22. 
Hannah,  22. 
Thomas  notice  of,  22. 

Sayle,  Capt.  William  obtains  liberty 
of  worship,  194. 

Schools,  167,  178, 193. 

Scrivener,  Michael,  21,  23. 

Scotch  ministers  in  Bermudas,  193. 

Scottow,  describes  Eleuthera  church, 
196. 

Scuddall,  Thomas,  10. 

Scull,  George  D.  quoted,  77. 

Sea  .Ydventure,  wrecked,  54. 
cleanliness  of,  131. 

Seal  of  Va.  Council  in  England,  5. 
First  Colony  in  Virginia,  4. 
Second  Colony  in  Virginia,  4. 
Virginia   Company,  A.  D.,    1619, 
135.' 

Sermon  before  Va.  Co.  A.  D.  1609  by 
William  Symonds,  39 ;  A.  D.  1609 
by  Daniel  Price,  45;  by  Crashaw, 
58;  Copland,  134;  Donne,  137. 

Sej^mour,  James  grave  of,  195. 
Mr.,  66. 

Sharplisse,  Thomas  draws  a  prize,  89. 

Ships  mentioned  : 

Abigail,  Capt.  Each,  117,  121,  124. 
Blessing,   of   the   Delaware   fleet, 

60.  63,  141. 
Blessing,  Capt.  Hitchins,  106. 


INDEX. 


215 


Ships  mentioned,  continued — 

Bona  Nova,  A.  D.  1021,  117,  173. 

Delaware,  A.  D.  ICIO,  160. 

Deliverance,  55. 

Discover,y,  83. 

Duty,  A. "D.  1621,  103. 

Georu^e,  172. 

Elizabeth,  117. 

Falcon,  A.  D.  1609,  21. 

Furtherance,  A.  D.  1622,  120. 

Hercules,  Delaware  fleet,  60,  63, 
78. 

James,  A.  D.  1623,  176. 

John  and  Francis,  A.  D.  1608,  21. 

Lion,  Gates  Fleet,  23. 

London  Merchant,  A.  D.  1620,  23. 

Mary   Margaret,  A.  D.    1608,  20, 
22  53  '  ^ 

Mar-jaret  and  John,    A.   D.   1621, 
117. 

May  Flower,  A.  D.  1620,  109,  117. 

Patience,  A  D.,  1610,  60. 

Phoenix,  A.  D.  1608,  21,  23. 

Sea  Adventure,   wrecked,  54,  56, 
60 

Sea  Flower,  A.  D   1621,  175. 

Susan  Constant,  A.  D.  1607,  20 

Suoply  of  Bristol,  A.  D.  1621,  117. 

Sw^allow,  A.  U.  1609.  67. 

Trial,  A.  D.  1612,  x. 

Treasurer,  Argall'sship,  80,  112. 
Ships  sent,  A   D,  1020-1621,  117. 

1121-22,  118. 
Sigisraund,  Duke,  15,  16. 
Shirley.  Sir  Tlioinus,  56. 
Sithe's  Lane,  London,  40. 
Slanderous  statements,  67. 
Smith,  George,  will  of,  10. 

Capt.  John,  travels  in  Europe,  11  ; 

takes  Turks'   heads,    14;    coal   of 

arms,  16  ;    letter  of,   16,  17 ;  writ- 
ings  of,    17,  34 ;    falsity  of,        ; 

deposed  in  Va,,  18  ;    Admiral  of 

N.  England,  105, 108;  later  career, 

98-100. 

Capt.  Roger,  Va  councillor,  118. 

Sir  Thos.,  Sec    Queen  Elizabeth, 

16;  Gov.  ofVa.  Company,  45,57, 

59,  06,  89,  145,  158;   noticed,  72; 

letters  to,  103,  189. 
Sodquin,  106. 
Somers,  Sir  George,  4,  54,  66,  67,  69, 

75;  letter  of,  61. 


Somers  Island  Co  ,  Charter,  92. 
South  am  jUon,  Henry  Earl  of,  1,  4,  73, 

130,  144. 
Spiller,  Sir  Henry,  145. 
Stirk,     George,    Bermudas     minister, 
196. 

Harvard  student,  197. 
Stockton,  Jonas  minister,  173. 

Timothy,  173. 
Stow's  Survey  of  London,  87. 
Strachey,  William,  75.  81. 
Strafford,  Earl  f)f,  86. 
Stuhl,  Weissenburg,  12. 
Suffolk,  Thos.  Earl  of,  43. 
Suffolk  House,  43. 
Surgeons,  want  of,  83. 
Surplice,  not  valued,  165. 
Sutton,  Sir  Richard,  145. 
Swift,  Ensign  .lames,  118. 
Symonds,  Dr.  of  Oxford,  17. 

William,  sermon  of,  39. 


T. 

Taffe,  John  printer,  34. 
Taylor,  Smiihfield  martyr,  185. 

uichard,  early  colonist,  23. 
Temple  Church,  London,  57. 
Thori)o,  George  killed  by  Indians,  119,. 

129. 
Throckmorton,  Dorothy,  96. 

Elizabeth,  94, 

John  transported,  102. 

Sir  Thomas,  94. 

William,  94,  95. 
Tobbe,  Thomas,  108. 
Tocker,  Brienne,  108. 
Toleration,  Religious,  104. 
Tracy,  William  early  colonist 
Transportation  of  children,  101,   103, 

134;  evils  of,  103,  104. 
Treasurer,   the  ship  partly  owned  by 

Earl  of  Warwick,  112,  201 ;  sent  by 

Argall  to  W.  Indies,  112 ;  brings 

back   negroes,  113;    destroyed   at 

Bermudas,  114. 
Treedell.  William,  ship  owner,  108. 
Tucker,  Daniel,  53,  118,  187. 

Capt.  William,  116. 
Turks'  heads  of  Smith,  14,  16. 
Tuke,  Mr  .  128. 
Tyndall  (Tindall),  Robert,  21,  60. 


216 


INDEX. 


V. 

Virgiaia    Company,    first  charter,  4; 
second,  42,  45  ;    last,  87 ;    replies 
to  opponents,  146  ;  Council  in  Eng- 
land   seal,     5;     instructions,     5 
orders,  6 ;  colonists  landing  of,  6 
first   official   report    from,   2o-37 
councillors  in,  7-19  ;  early  settlers, 
19  ;  books  on,    34 ;    d^'scribed   by 
Price,  46,  47;    Earl  of  Middlesex 
on,  144-146;  letter  on  from  King 
James'  106;  churches  and  schools, 
167,   169,     170,    17S,    183;    under 
Gov.  Wyatt,  118;  Puritans,  194. 

Vicenzio,  Italian  glass  worker,  131. 


W. 

Waldo,  Capt.  Peter,  30,  33. 
Wanton,  John  searcher,  169. 
Warwick,  Earl  of,  113,  113,  145. 
Waters  and  wife,  escaped  from  Indians, 

148. 
Watkins,  Henry  killed,  96. 
Watson,  Thomas,  34. 
Watts,  John,  103. 
Waymouth,     Capt      contract      with 

Zouch,  2. 
Weber,  Thomas,  108. 
Welbv,  William  bookseller,  34,39,41, 

6b,  90. 
Wen  man,  Sir  Ferdiuando,  75. 

Thomas.  75. 
West,  Francis,  53,  57, 116 

John,  57. 

Nathaniel,  57. 

William,  107. 
"Whisson,  Robert  hanged,  103. 


Whitacre,  Capt.,  127. 

Whitaker,    Alex,   minister   sketch   of, 

164-166. 
White  Chapel,  London,  88. 

sermon  at,  38. 

Thomas,  minister,  175. 
Wickham,  William  minister,  166. 
Wingfiekl,  Edward  Maria,  37,  71. 
WiUouirhby,  Lord,  9,  11. 
Wilson,  Thomas,  53. 
Winne,  Capt.  Peter,  23. 
Winthrop,  Gov.  John,  194,  195. 
Wolstenholme,  Sir  John,  169. 
Wood,     Gov.     of     Bermudas    wants 

neither  Scotchmen  nor  schools,  193. 
Worcester,  Earl  of,  43, 
Wotton,  Sir  Henry,  54. 
Wright,  John  bookseller,  100. 
Wyatt,  Gov.  Francis,  75,  118,  147, 153; 

babe  of,  131. 

George,  father  of  Gov.,  180. 

Hawte,  minister,  174. 

Margaret,  wife  of  Gov.,  120. 


Y. 

Yeardley,  Gov.  George,  110;  visits 
England,  110;  described  by  Pory, 
lid;  knighted,  110;  complains 
of  the  ship  Treasurer,  114;  owns 
negroes,  116;  expedition  against 
Indians,  149. 
Ralph,  111. 
Temperance,  141. 


Z. 


Zouch,  Sir  John,  2. 


';  1 


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